Gogugwon of Goguryeo

16th King of Goguryeo Korea (r. 331–371)
Gogugwon of Goguryeo
Man from Anak Tomb No.3, presumed to be a depiction of king Gogugwon in North Korean academia.
Korean name
Hangul
고국원왕, 국강상왕[1]
Hanja
故國原王, 國岡上王
Revised RomanizationGogugwon-wang, Gukgangsang-wang
McCune–ReischauerKogugwŏn-wang, Kukkangsang-wang
Birth name
Hangul
고사유, 유, or 쇠
Hanja
高斯由, 劉, or 釗
Revised RomanizationGo Sayu, Yu, or Soe
McCune–ReischauerKo Sayu, Yu, or Soe
Monarchs of Korea
Goguryeo
  1. Chumo c. 37–19 BC
  2. Yuri 19 BC–18 AD
  3. Daemusin 18–44
  4. Minjung 44–48
  5. Mobon 48–53
  6. Taejodae 53–146
  7. Chadae 146–165
  8. Sindae 165–179
  9. Gogukcheon 179–197
  10. Sansang 197–227
  11. Dongcheon 227–248
  12. Jungcheon 248–270
  13. Seocheon 270–292
  14. Bongsang 292–300
  15. Micheon 300–331
  16. Gogugwon 331–371
  17. Sosurim 371–384
  18. Gogugyang 384–391
  19. Gwanggaeto the Great 391–413
  20. Jangsu 413–491
  21. Munja 491–519
  22. Anjang 519–531
  23. Anwon 531–545
  24. Yangwon 545–559
  25. Pyeongwon 559–590
  26. Yeongyang 590–618
  27. Yeongnyu 618–642
  28. Bojang 642–668
  • v
  • t
  • e

King Gogugwon of Goguryeo (?–371, r. 331–371)[2] was the 16th king of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the son of King Micheon and Lady Ju.[2]

Goguryeo faced devastation by the Murong Xianbei people who attacked Goguryeo. Hwando was destroyed again by them in 341. Buyeo was also destroyed by the Xianbei in 346.[3]

The reign of Gogukwon suffered severely from continuous foreign invasions, not only those of Chinese forces including Xianbei but also of Baekje, southwestern part of Korean peninsula. Particularly, the Xianbei state of Former Yan invaded the capital in 342, capturing Queen Ju, the mother of Gogukwon and his concubines and also digging up the corpse of his father, Micheon. Since the capital was thoroughly destroyed, Gogukwon firstly constructed Guknae seong as an alternative fortress in northern sphere[4] and temporarily moved the capital to Pyongyang, present-day capital of North Korea.[5] While he could get back the corpse of his father, it took about 13 years for his mother to return to Goguryeo.[2]

In 369, Gogukwon personally led expedition of more than 20,000 troops.[6] Without success, Geunchogo's son Geungusu overtook, counterattacked and killed Gogugwon in battle, at Pyongyang Castle, the only ruler of Goguryeo to die on a battlefield.[2] He was buried in Gogugwon.

Family

  • Father: King Micheon (미천왕, 美川王)
    • Grandfather: Prince Dolgo (돌고, 咄固)
  • Mother: Queen, of the Ju clan (왕후 주씨, 王后 周氏)
  • Wife: unknown queen

Depiction in arts and media

See also

References

  1. ^ "고국원왕" (in Korean). Doopedia. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
  2. ^ a b c d "King Gogukwon". KBS Radio. Korean Broadcasting System. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  3. ^ Chun, Ho-tae (2007). Koguryŏ = Koguryo, the origin of Korean power & pride. Sŏul-si: Tongbuga Yŏksa Chaedan. pp. 19–21. ISBN 9788991448834.
  4. ^ Kim, Bushik (1145). Samguk Sagi. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  5. ^ Kim, Bushik (1145). Samguk Sagi. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  6. ^ Yoon, Nae-hyun; Lee, Hyun-hee; Park, Sung-soo (2005). New history of Korea. Paju: Jimoondang. p. 150. ISBN 9788988095850.
  7. ^ "King Geunchogo". HanCinema. Retrieved 2016-06-13.
Gogugwon of Goguryeo
 Died: 371
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Goguryeo
331–371 		Succeeded by