Golden State Pops Orchestra

American symphony pops orchestra
Golden State Pops Orchestra (GSPO)
Orchestra
Founded2002
LocationLos Angeles, California
Concert hallWarner Grand Theatre
Principal conductorSteven Allen Fox
Websitewww.gspo.com

The Golden State Pops Orchestra (GSPO) is an American symphony pops orchestra located in the San Pedro district of Los Angeles, California, in the United States of America. The GSPO is the resident orchestra of the Warner Grand Theatre, an Art Deco movie palace built by Warner Brothers Studios in 1931. The orchestra performs a wide variety of musical repertoire, including classical, Broadway, pop music and even video game soundtracks. However, the primary focus of the GSPO remains film music, a specialty of the orchestra since its founding in 2002. The Golden State Pops Orchestra is composed of professional freelance musicians from around the Los Angeles area.

History

The Golden State Pops Orchestra (GSPO) was founded in 2002 by conductor and composer Steven Allen Fox, a graduate of the University of Southern California's Scoring for Motion Pictures and Television (SMPTV) program. Joshua Godoy, also a USC film scoring graduate, served as the assistant conductor. Initially functioning as the instrumental division of the Southeast Civic Light Opera in Los Alamitos, California, the orchestra's original home venue was the Liberty Theatre on the Los Alamitos Joint Forces Military Base.

The first public performance of the Golden State Pops Orchestra took place on April 6, 2002, at the Riviera United Methodist Church in Redondo Beach, California. The concert featured film music, and was titled Hooked on Film Scores. The Orchestra then performed four additional concerts in 2002, mostly at the Liberty Theatre.

Following its début season, the GSPO separated from the Southeast Civic Light Opera and moved its performances to the Long Beach Events Center (Scottish Rite Cathedral) in Long Beach, California, for a portion of the 2003-2004 season, beginning with a St. Patrick's Day themed concert titled St. Pat Goes Pops! on March 15, 2003, and continuing with four additional concerts in Long Beach. In 2004, the orchestra moved to its current home venue, the Warner Grand Theatre in San Pedro, California, premiering with a Valentine's Day themed concert titled Music for Lovers and Other Strangers on February 7, 2004.

Since 2004, the GSPO has become the resident orchestra of the Warner Grand Theatre,[1] and has grown into a professional ensemble of around 60 musicians. It continues to specialize in live performances of film scores, and frequently introduces new film music repertoire to its audiences; music that has not been performed since it was first recorded at the original scoring sessions. In 2005, the orchestra gave the North American concert premiere of film composer John Williams' Battle of the Heroes from Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith as part of its all Star Wars concert. Since 2005, the orchestra has presented over seventy world premieres to its audiences, both from recent films such as Drag Me to Hell, Avatar, Astro Boy, Superman Returns, and Scream as well as older films such as Three Amigos, Mysterious Island, and The Fall of the Roman Empire.

GSPO Ensemble Series

In addition to its regular full orchestra concerts, the Golden State Pops Orchestra presents a series of chamber music concerts at the Grand Annex, Alvas Showroom, the First Presbyterian Church and other venues located near the orchestra's home venue of the Warner Grand Theatre. The GSPO Ensemble Series concerts consist of regular orchestra members who perform chamber music in a wide variety of styles from film and television music to classical repertoire.

World Premieres

The Golden State Pops Orchestra has focused on live concert performances of film music from its inception. Due to the orchestra's connections with the film and music industry in Los Angeles, it has been able to perform many pieces of music for the first time outside the original films, often with the original composer in attendance or even conducting the orchestra. Some of the world premieres that have been performed by the GSPO include:

2014

2013

2011

2010
  • Christopher Young: Concerto to Hell (End Credits) from the film Drag Me to Hell featuring the violin soloist from the original soundtrack, Mark Robertson (October 30, 2010)[2]
  • Erich Wolfgang Korngold: Tomorrow, Op. 33 from the film The Constant Nymph featuring guest conductor Jeffrey Schindler and mezzo soprano Bonnie Snell Schindler. (West coast premiere - October 30, 2010)[2]
  • Disney in Concert: Tale as Old as Time (West coast premiere - May 22, 2010)
  • James Horner: concert suite from the film Avatar (February 6, 2010)
  • Christopher Young: End Credits from the film Creation, with the composer in attendance. Featuring Paul Henning, solo violin & Jonathan Hughes, piano (February 6, 2010)
  • Michael Giacchino: Lost Suite from the television series Lost (North American Premiere - February 6, 2010)
  • Alex North: Blanche from the film A Streetcar Named Desire, as arranged by film composer Elmer Bernstein (February 6, 2010)
  • Leonard Bernstein: Love Theme from the film On the Waterfront, as arranged by film composer Elmer Bernstein (February 6, 2010)
2009
  • John Ottman: End Titles from the film Astro Boy with the original orchestrator, Jason Livesay, conducting and the composer in attendance (October 24, 2009)
  • Stu Phillips: Variations for Piano and Orchestra featuring Robert Thies, piano (October 24, 2009)[3]
  • Stu Phillips: Buck Rogers Suite #1 from the television series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century with the composer conducting (October 24, 2009)[1]
  • Stu Phillips: The Name of the Game is Kill from the 1968 film of the same name, with the composer conducting
  • Bear McCreary: Colonial Anthem Variations from the television series Battlestar Galactica with the composer conducting (October 24, 2009)
  • Wataru Hokoyama: Afrika and Savanna from the video game Afrika with the composer conducting (May 16, 2009)
  • Timothy Michael Wynn: Red Faction: Guerilla Suite from the video game Red Faction: Guerrilla with the composer conducting (May 16, 2009)
  • Gerard Marino: The End Begins (To Rock) from the video games God of War II and Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock with the composer conducting (May 16, 2009)
  • Laura Karpman: O'er Thai Landis from the video game Untold Legends: Dark Kingdom (May 16, 2009)
  • Christopher Lennertz: Main Title from the video game Warhawk with the composer conducting (May 16, 2009)
  • Christopher Lennertz: Gun Suite from the video game Gun with the composer conducting (May 16, 2009)
  • Russell Brower: Main Title from the video game World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King with the composer in attendance (May 16, 2009)
  • Austin Wintory: The World of flOw from the video game flOw with the composer conducting (May 16, 2009)
  • Austin Wintory: Captain Abu Raed Suite from the film Captain Abu Raed with the composer in attendance (February 7, 2009)
  • Elmer Bernstein: Elmer Bernstein Medley from the films The Great Escape, Stripes and The Magnificent Seven as arranged by Victor Pesavento (February 7, 2009)
2008
  • Bernard Herrmann: Suite from the film Mysterious Island (October 25, 2008)
  • Bernard Herrmann: Children of Hydra's Teeth from the film Jason and the Argonauts (October 25, 2008)
  • Irving Gertz: Eskimos Attacked from the film The Deadly Mantis with the composer in attendance (October 25, 2008)
Note: This was the final concert the composer attended before his death on November 14th, 2008.
  • Max Steiner: Selections from the 1933 film King Kong as reconstructed and orchestrated by John Morgan & William Stromberg (October 25, 2008)
  • Joseph LoDuca: Main Title from the film The Messengers (October 25, 2008)
  • Hans J. Salter and Frank Skinner: Suite from Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (October 25, 2008)
  • Frank Skinner: Main Title and Finale from the film Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (October 25, 2008)
  • Herman Stein: Suite from the 1955 film Tarantula (October 25, 2008)
  • George Shaw: J-ok'el from the film J-ok-el: Legend of La Llorona with the composer conducting (October 25, 2008)
  • Steven Allen Fox: Unleashed: A Journey Into Fear with the composer conducting and featuring Melissa Kaplan, soprano (October 25, 2008)
  • Sam Spence: Ye Sons of USC (Fight Song donated to the University of Southern California) with the composer conducting (June 14, 2008)
  • Christopher Lennertz: Main Title from the video game Medal of Honor: Pacific Assault with the composer conducting (May 24, 2008)
  • Christopher Young: Main Theme from the film Murder in the First with the composer in attendance (February 9, 2008)
2007
  • Jerry Goldsmith: Suite from the film Omen III: The Final Conflict as reconstructed by Leigh Phillips (October 27, 2007)
  • Marco Beltrami: Suite from the films Scream and Scream 2 with the composer in attendance (October 27, 2007)
  • John Ottman: Suite from the film Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer with the orchestrator, Damon Intrabartolo, conducting and the composer in attendance (June 9, 2007)[4]
  • John Ottman: Superman Returns Concerto from the film Superman Returns with the orchestrator, Damon Intrabartolo, conducting and the composer in attendance.
Also featured the pianist from the original soundtrack, Eric Anderson, playing the solo part (June 9, 2007)
  • Bob & Barn: Suite from the video game MediEvil: Resurrection with the composers in attendance (February 3, 2007)
  • Jason & Nolan Livesay: Triwizard Suite from the DVD Game to the film Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire with the composer, Jason Livesay, conducting (February 3, 2007)
  • Joey Newman: Main Title from the video game Lineage (February 3, 2007)
  • Colin O'Malley: Suite from the video game Superman Returns (February 3, 2007)
2006
  • Dimitri Tiomkin: The First Christmas for orchestra, soprano soloist and choir (December 17, 2006)
  • Steven Allen Fox: Overture from Symphonic Suite from Battleworlds with the composer conducting (August 20, 2006)
2005

Current Season (2013 - 2014)

Date Concert Guest Artists Notes
October 19, 2013 Varèse Sarabande 35th Anniversary Halloween Gala Marco Beltrami, composer & guest conductor
John Debney, guest conductor
Christopher Young, composer
Brian Tyler, composer & guest conductor
Joseph LoDuca, composer & guest conductor
Randy Edelman, composer & guest conductor
Lee Holdridge, composer & guest conductor
Charles Bernstein, composer
Nathan Barr, composer
Cliff Eidelman, guest conductor
Dave Lombardo, drummer
Sara Andon, flute soloist
Robert Townson, host
The Golden State Pops Chorale
Fourth concert celebrating the 35th anniversary of Varèse Sarabande
December 21, 2013 Varèse Sarabande 35th Anniversary Holiday Gala John Debney, composer & guest conductor
William Ross, arranger & guest conductor
Sara Andon, flute soloist
Robert Townson, host
The Golden State Pops Holiday Chorale
Fifth concert celebrating the 35th anniversary of the Varèse Sarabande
February 15, 2014 Great Composer Tribute: Elmer Bernstein Peter Bernstein, arranger & guest conductor
Bear McCreary, accordionist & guest speaker
John Landis, guest speaker
Richard Kraft, guest speaker
The late composer's family was in attendance.
May 10, 2014 Sweeney Todd In Concert

Previous Season (2012 - 2013)

Date Concert Guest Artists Notes
December 15, 2012 Holiday Pops Spectacular The Golden State Pops Holiday Chorale
February 16, 2013 Great Composer Tribute: The Music of Alan Silvestri Alan Silvestri, guest composer and guest conductor
Robert Townson, host
First concert in a series celebrating the 35th anniversary of the Varèse Sarabande record label.
Composer Alan Silvestri was in attendance and conducted his concert suite from Forrest Gump.
May 11, 2013 Varèse Sarabande's 35th Anniversary Gala Hans Zimmer, composer and pianist
Danny Elfman, composer
Mark Isham, composer
Brian Tyler, composer & guest conductor
Christopher Lennertz, composer & guest conductor
Michael Giacchino, composer & guest conductor
John Debney, composer & guest conductor
John Powell, composer & guest conductor
Diego Navarro, guest conductor
Cliff Eidelman, guest conductor
Joel McNeely, composer & guest conductor
Sara Andon, flute soloist
Ann Marie Calhoun, violin soloist
Robert Townson, host
Second concert celebrating the 35th anniversary of Varèse Sarabande.
June 15, 2013 Music From The Star Wars Universe Gordy Haab, composer
Kyle Newmaster, composer
Third concert celebrating the 35th anniversary of Varèse Sarabande.

Past Seasons

2011 - 2012 Season
Date Concert Guest Artists Notes Poster
September 24, 2011 A Spoonful of Sherman: Celebrating the Sherman Brothers Richard Sherman, guest composer
Stu Phillips, arranger
Araceli Applegate, vocalist
Juliana Hansen, vocalist
Jason Livesay, vocalist
Stephen Van Dorn, vocalist
Don Lucas, vocalist
Whitney Kaufman, vocalist
Composer Richard M. Sherman was in attendance and sang It's a Small World (After All) at the piano as the encore.
October 29, 2011 Halloween Fright Night 9 Lisbeth Scott, vocalist
Nathan Barr, guest composer
Austin Wintory, guest composer & conductor
Alyssa Park, violin
Timothy Loo, cello
December 17, 2011 Holiday Pops Spectacular The Golden State Pops Holiday Chorale
February 11, 2012 Cinema Fantastique: Epic Choral Soundtracks The USC Thornton Concert Choir
Dr. Cristian Grases, guest conductor
April 14, 2012 Disney in Concert: Tale as Old as Time Araceli Applegate, vocalist
Drew Tablak, vocalist
Natalie Taylor, vocalist
Stephen Van Dorn, vocalist
Chase Masterson, narrator
Premiere performance at the El Segundo Performing Arts Center in El Segundo, CA
May 19, 2012 Great Composers Tribute: John Williams Cécilia Tsan, cello, Memoirs of a Geisha
June 16, 2012 On With the Show: Musicals from the Silver Screen Susan Egan, vocalist
2010 - 2011 Season
Date Concert Guest Artists Notes Poster
October 30, 2010 Halloween Fright Night 8 Mark Robertson, violin
Jeffrey Schindler, conductor
Bonnie Snell Schindler, mezzo soprano
World concert premiere of Concerto to Hell from the film Drag Me to Hell (Composer: Christopher Young)[2]
December 18, 2010 Holiday Pops Spectacular! 2010 Windy Barnes Farrell, vocalist
Araceli Applegate, vocalist
The Selah Singers, children's choir
February 12, 2011 Classical Contrasts William Stromberg, guest conductor
April 9, 2011 VideoGame Soundtracks The Southern California Master Chorale
Gerard Marino, composer & conductor
Austin Wintory, composer & conductor
Sean Murray, composer
Emilie A. Bernstein, orchestrator
Russell Brower, composer
Laura Karpman, composer
Joey Newman, composer
Tina Guo, cello & erhu
May 14, 2011 Disney in Concert: Tale as Old as Time Araceli Applegate, vocalist
Drew Tablak, vocalist
Natalie Taylor, vocalist
Stephen Van Dorn, vocalist
Chase Masterson, narrator
Encore performance from the 2009-2010 season
May 20 & 22, 2011 Ein Deutsches Requiem, Op. 45 The Southern California Master Chorale
June 8, 2011 Video Games Live The Southern California Master Chorale
John Debney, composer & conductor
Russell Brower, composer & conductor
Concert took place at the Nokia Theatre as part of the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2011 (E3)
June 11, 2011 Great Composers: Jerry Goldsmith Austin Wintory, guest conductor Carol Goldsmith was in attendance
Composer Richard Sherman was in attendance
2009 - 2010 Season
Date Concert Guest Artists Notes Poster
October 24, 2009 [3] Halloween Fright Night 7 Stu Phillips, composer & conductor
Bear McCreary, composer & conductor
Robert Thies, piano
Concert in honor of Stu Phillips' 80th birthday
Concert also featured: Steve Bartek, guitar; Chris Bleth, duduk & bansuri; & M.B. Gordy, percussion
Composer Richard Sherman was in attendance
December 19, 2009 Holiday Swing Barbara Morrison, jazz vocalist Concert featured big band with strings
February 6, 2010 Great Composers Tribute Christopher Young, composer
John Ottman, composer
World concert premiere of the orchestral music from the film, Avatar
April 17, 2010 Curtains Up: This is Broadway! Araceli Applegate, vocalist
Caleb Shaw, vocalist
Lisa Livesay, vocalist
Concert also featured vocalists Melissa Greilach, Abigail Kinnahan, Jarret Lemaster, Gabriel Oliva, Stephanie Phillips & Drew Tablak
May 22 & 23, 2010 Disney in Concert: Tale as Old as Time Araceli Applegate, vocalist
Drew Tablak, vocalist
Natalie Taylor, vocalist
Stephen Van Dorn, vocalist
Chase Masterson, narrator
West coast premiere of this show created by the Disney Concert Library
Also featured Madison Logan, child vocalist
June 17, 2010 Video Games Live The Southern California Master Chorale Concert took place at the Nokia Theatre as part of the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2010 (E3)
July 24, 2010 Video Games Live Concert took place at the San Diego Civic Theatre as part of Comic-Con 2010
2008 - 2009 Season
Date Concert Guest Artists Notes Poster
October 2 & 5, 2008 Requiem: Mass in D Minor The Southern California Master Chorale
The Cypress Masterworks Chorale
Dr. Sheridan Ball, conductor
Mozart's Requiem
October 25, 2008 Halloween Fright Night 6 William Stromberg, conductor
Stu Phillips, conductor
Concert focused on classic horror movie scores
Concert also featured George Shaw, composer & conductor and Melissa Kaplan, vocalist
Composer Irving Gertz was in attendance
November 8, 2008 Opera at the Grand The San Diego Opera Ensemble
December 20, 2008 Holiday Pops Spectacular Timothy Gonzales, tenor
Grace Lee, soprano
February 7, 2009 GSPO's Greatest Hits Timothy Gonzales, tenor
Jason Livesay, vocalist
Concert celebrated 5 years as the Warner Grand Theatre's orchestra in residence
April 18, 2009 Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat Nicole Mekenian, Narrator
Jason Livesay, Joseph
A concert production of the musical (only partially staged and choreographed)
May 16, 2009 Video Game Soundtracks: Loaded...Ready...Play Wataru Hokoyama, composer & conductor
Timothy Michael Wynn, composer & conductor
Laura Karpman, composer
Gerard Marino, composer
Christopher Tin, composer & conductor
Christopher Lennertz, composer & conductor
Austin Wintory, composer
Russell Brower, composer
June 13, 2009 Great Composers: John Williams Samuel Fischer, violin
July 4, 2009 Stars, Stripes and Pops Concert accompanied the fireworks display on Cabrillo Beach in San Pedro, California
2007 - 2008 Season
Date Concert Guest Artists Notes Poster
October 27, 2007 Halloween Fright Night 5 Marco Beltrami, composer
Melissa Kaplan, soprano
The Southern California Master Chorale
Concert featured the world concert premiere of music from the film, Scream with composer Marco Beltrami in attendance
December 15, 2007 Holiday Pops Spectacular! The Southern California Master Chorale
February 9, 2008 Music For Lovers and Other Strangers Christopher Young, composer
Damon Intrabartolo, conductor
Timothy Gonzales, tenor
April 19, 2008 Jason and Nolan: The Electric Violin Twins Jason Livesay, violinist & vocalist
Nolan Livesay, violinist & vocalist
May 24, 2008 We Remember: A Tribute to Fallen Heroes
June 14, 2008 Pops for Pop: A Tribute to Fathers Sam Spence, composer & conductor Concert featured music from the NFL Films Series, with composer Sam Spence conducting the orchestra
July 4, 2008 Stars, Stripes and Pops Concert accompanied the fireworks display on Cabrillo Beach in San Pedro, California
2006 - 2007 Season
Date Concert Guest Artists Notes Poster
November 4, 2006 Music Legends of the Silver Screen Damon Intrabartolo, conductor
John Ottman, composer
World concert premiere of music from the film Superman Returns by composer John Ottman
Olivia Tiomkin Douglas (widow of film composer Dimitri Tiomkin) was in attendance, as well as film orchestrator Patrick Russ
December 17, 2006 Holiday Pops Spectacular! Alistair Tober, vocalist
The Sheridan Ball Singers
February 3, 2007 Video Game Soundtracks Tommy Tallarico, composer
Bob & Barn, composers
Jason & Nolan Livesay, composers
Melissa Kaplan, soprano
Gerard Marino, composer and conductor
Christopher Lennertz, composer
March 10, 2007 Broadway Hits in Concert Jason Livesay, vocalist
Lainie Nelson, vocalist
Lisa Shaw, vocalist
May 5 & August 19, 2007 Come Fly With Me Alistair Tober, jazz vocalist
Barbara Morrison, jazz vocalist
Performances took place at the Warner Grand Theatre in San Pedro, California, and the Ivar Theatre in Hollywood, California
June 9, 2007 Superheroes and Beyond John Ottman, composer
Damon Intrabartolo, conductor
Eric Anderson, piano
World concert premiere of music from the soundtrack to the film Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer by composer John Ottman[4]
July 4, 2007 Stars, Stripes and Pops Concert accompanied the fireworks display on Cabrillo Beach in San Pedro, California
2005 - 2006 Season
Date Concert Guest Artists Notes Poster
October 30, 2005 Halloween Fright Night 4 Christopher Young, composer World concert premiere of music from the film Urban Legend
December 17, 2005 Holiday Pops Spectacular! Pat Hurley, narrator & comedian
January 21, 2006 Warner Grand Does the Decades A celebration of the Warner Grand Theatre's 75th birthday
February 4, 2006 Looney Tunes Concert featured music from cartoons
March 25, 2006 Jesus Christ Superstar In Concert J. R. Richards, vocalist
Alistair Tober, vocalist
Concert featured Dishwalla lead singer, J.R. Richards as Jesus of Nazareth
May 20, 2006 Out of this World Concert featured music from science fiction films
July 4, 2006 Stars, Stripes and Pops Concert accompanied the fireworks display on Cabrillo Beach in San Pedro, California
August 20, 2006 Superheroes and Beyond Concert took place in Bellflower, California while the Warner Grand Theatre was closed for restorations
2004 - 2005 Season
Date Concert Guest Artists Notes Poster
October 23, 2004 Halloween Fright Night (3rd Annual)
December 18, 2004 Holiday Pops Spectacular! 2004
February 19, 2005 Round Up: Themes of the Old West
April 9, 2005 Swords, Sandals & Swashbucklers
May 21, 2005 Star Wars: In Concert North American concert premiere of Battle of the Heroes from Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith
July 3, 2005 Stars, Stripes and Pops
August 20, 2005 Broadway's Best
2003 - 2004 Season
Date Concert Guest Artists Notes Poster
March 15, 2003 St. Pat Goes Pops! First concert at the Scottish Rite Cathedral in Long Beach, California (The Long Beach Event Center)
May 3, 2003 Broadway's Best! Frank Daniele, vocalist
July 27, 2003 Stars, Stripes and Pops! Outdoor concert at Concordia University in Irvine, California
September 6, 2003 Heroes & Villains
October 25, 2003 Halloween Fright Night (2nd Annual)
December 20, 2003 Holiday Pops Spectacular! 2003 Chase Masterson, narrator
Cypress Masterworks Chorale
February 7, 2004 Music for Lovers and Other Strangers First concert at the Warner Grand Theatre in San Pedro, California
March 20, 2004 And The Winner Is?? Concert featuring music from Academy Award winning films
April 17, 2004 [5] Worlds Collide J. R. Richards, lead vocals Concert with alternative rock band Dishwalla
April 24, 2004 Follow Me Frank Daniele, vocalist
May 15, 2004 Once Upon a Time
July 3, 2004 Stars, Stripes & Pops
2002 Season
Date Concert Guest Artists Notes Poster
April 6, 2002 Hooked On Film Scores First performance of the Golden State pops Orchestra
Concert took place at the Riviera United Methodist Church in Redondo Beach, California
July 14, 2002 Concerts on the Green Cory Watkins, vocalist
October 26, 2002 Halloween Fright Night Concert took place at the Liberty Performing Arts Center in Los Alamitos, California
December 7, 2002 GSPO Pops Spectacular! 2002

References

  1. ^ a b Burlingame, John. "Film Scores Featured in Concerts around L.A. Area", The Los Angeles Times, October 18, 2009.
  2. ^ a b c Farrell, John. "Golden State Pops Gets into Spirit of Season", The Daily Breeze, October 28, 2010.
  3. ^ a b "October Scores with Film Music in Concert: Symphonies Coast-to-Coast Celebrate Classic Soundtracks", The Film Music Society, October 6, 2009.
  4. ^ a b Goldwasser, Dan. "Golden State Pops to Premiere New Fantastic Four Suite", SoundtrackNet: The Art of Film and Television Music , May 25, 2007.
  5. ^ Clinton, Paul. "Dishwalla to Take Stage with Golden State Pops" Archived 2005-05-15 at the Wayback Machine, More San Pedro, April 2004.

Los Angeles Times [1]

External links

  • www.gspo.com [2]
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