Hamtai language

Angan language spoken in Papua New Guinea
Hamtai
Hamday
Kapau
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionMorobe Province, Gulf Province
Native speakers
(45,000 cited 1998)[1]
Language family
Trans–New Guinea
  • Angan
    • Southeast
      • Hamtai
Dialects
  • Wenta
  • Howi
  • Pmasa'a
  • Hamtai Proper
  • Kaintiba
Language codes
ISO 639-3hmt
Glottologhamt1247

Hamtai (also called Hamday or Kapau) is the most populous of the Angan languages of Papua New Guinea. It is also known as Kamea, Kapau, and Watut. Dialects are Wenta, Howi, Pmasa’a, Hamtai proper, and Kaintiba.[1] The language was unwritten until 2009.[2]

Phonology

In Hamtai, there are 14 consonants, 7 vowels, and two tones (rising and falling).

Vowels

Table of vowels in Hamtai[3][4]
Front Central Back
Close i
/i/		 i
/ɨ/		 u
/u/
Close-mid e
/e/ 		o
/o/
Open-mid ä, aa
/ʌ/
Open a
/a/

Consonants

Table of consonant phonemes in Hamtai[3]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m
/m/ 		n
/n/ 		ng
/ŋ/
Plosive p
/p/ 		t
/t/ 		k
/k/ 		k̥/q
/q/ 		'
/ʔ/
Approximant voiced y
/j/ 		w
/w/
unvoiced wh
/w̥/
Fricative voiced v
/v/
unvoiced f
/f/ 		h
/h/

References

  1. ^ a b Hamtai at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. ^ "John Allen Chau: Do missionaries help or harm?". BBC News. 28 November 2018.
  3. ^ a b Healy, Alan (1981). The Phonological Complexity of Kapau. Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics. p. 95.
  4. ^ Oates, W.; Oates, L. (1968). Kapau pedagogical grammar. Canberra, Australia: The Australian National University. pp. 7–8.
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Official languagesMajor Indigenous
languagesOther Papuan
languages
Angan
Awin–Pa
Binanderean
Bosavi
Chimbu–Wahgi
New Ireland
Duna–Pogaya
East Kutubuan
East Strickland
Engan
Eleman
Ok–Oksapmin
Teberan
Tirio
Turama–Kikorian
Larger families
Sign languages

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