Hymenopterida
Order of insects
| Hymenopterida Temporal range: Triassic–present | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Male small skipper (Thymelicus sylvestris) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| (unranked): | Eumetabola |
| (unranked): | Holometabola |
| Superorder: | Hymenopterida |
| Orders | |
| |
Hymenopterida is a superorder of holometabolous (metamorphosing) insects. As originally circumscribed, it included Hymenoptera and the orders in Panorpida (Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera).[1] However, more recent studies find Hympenoptera as sister to the other members of Holometabola and the superorder is restricted to Hymenoptera.[2]
Evolution
The following phylogenetic tree shows the internal relationships of the superorder as a clade of Hymenoptera and the orders that comprise Panorpida.[3][4]
| Endopterygota |
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| (Holometabola) |
More recent molecular analyses find a different arrangement within Holometabola, with Hymenoptera as the earliest branching group.[5]
| Holometabola |
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References
- ^ Weaver J.S.I. The Evolution And Classification Of Trichoptera, With A Revision Of The Lepidostomatidae And A North American Synopsis Of This Family. Degree: Ph.D. Degree Year: 1983 Institute: Clemson University
- ^ Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
- ^ Yeates, David K.; Wiegmann, Brian. "Endopterygota Insects with complete metamorphosis". Tree of Life. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ^ Whiting, Michael F. (2005). "Phylogenetic Position of Diptera: Review of the Evidence". In Yeates, David K.; Wiegmann, Brian (eds.). The Evolutionary Biology of Flies. Columbia University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-231-50170-5.
- ^ Kjer, Karl M.; Simon, Chris; Yavorskaya, Margarita & Beutel, Rolf G. (2016). "Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 13 (121): 121. doi:10.1098/rsif.2016.0363. PMC 5014063. PMID 27558853.
External links
Data related to Hymenopterida at Wikispecies
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Extant Hymenopteran families
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Insecta
- Subclass: Pterygota
- Infraclass: Neoptera
- Superorder: Holometabola
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- See also: Unicalcarida
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