Hyperspectral Observer for Venus Reconnaissance

Proposed Venus orbiter

Hyperspectral Observer for Venus Reconnaissance (HOVER) is a proposed Venus orbiter for remote sensing of its clouds, chemistry, dynamics and surface.^[1] The main goal of the mission is research of Venus' climate. The mission is designed by LASP, University of Colorado, SwRI, and the University of Koln.^[2]

Main questions the mission would be able to answer are:^[2]

How do convection and chemistry produce the global clouds?
Where and how is solar energy deposited?
How is energy transported by largescale circulation?
What does Venus climate tell us about past climates?
How is Venus current climate impacted by current volcanism?

References

^ "Ilmuwan Usul NASA Mulai Misi ke Venus". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 25 October 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
^ ^a ^b Esposito, Larry W.; Arney, Giada; Aye, Michael; Brecht, Amanda; Crisp, David; Bullock, Mark; Helbert, Joern; Holsclaw, Greg; Jessup, Kandis Lea; Jones, Andrew; Lee, Yeon Joo; Limaye, Sanjay; Marcq, Emmanuel; McClintock, Bill; McGouldrick, Kevin; Mills, Frank; Navarro, Thomas; Osterloo, Mikki; Parish, Helen; Pätzold, Martin (1 September 2019). "The Hyperspectral Observer for Venus Reconnaissance (HOVER)". Epsc-DPS Joint Meeting 2019. 2019: EPSC–DPS2019–340. Bibcode:2019EPSC...13..340E. Retrieved 15 December 2021. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Spacecraft missions to Venus

Active missions

Orbiters	Akatsuki
Flybys	Parker Solar Probe (en route) BepiColombo (en route) Solar Orbiter (en route) Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (en route)

Past missions

Orbiters	Magellan Pioneer Venus Orbiter Venera 9 10 15 16 Venus Express
Flybys	Venera 1^† Mariner 2 Zond 1^† Venera 2^† Mariner 5 10 Venera 11 12 13 14 Vega 1 2 Galileo Cassini–Huygens MESSENGER IKAROS Shin-en^†
Descent probes	Venera 3^† 4 5 6 Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Landers	Venera 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Vega 1 2 Pioneer Venus Small Probes
Balloon probes	Vega 1 2
Failed launches	Tyazhely Sputnik Mariner 1 2MV-1 No.1 2MV-1 No.2 2MV-2 No.1 Kosmos 21 3MV-1 No.2 Kosmos 27 96 167 482

Planned missions

Orbiters	VERITAS (2029) EnVision (2031)
Flybys	Dragonfly (2027) MBR Explorer (2028)
Descent probes	Venus Life Finder (2025) DAVINCI (2029)

Proposed missions

Venus missions	AREE CUVE HAVOC HOVER Venus Orbiter Mission VAMP Venera-D VICI VISAGE VISE VOICE VOX Zephyr
Flybys	Mercury-P Laplace-P NASA Uranus orbiter and probe