Ili Turki language
Endangered Turkic language in Xinjiang, China
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| Ili Turki | |
|---|---|
| İlı turkeşi И̇лı туркес̧и ي̇لي تۋركەسي | |
| Native to | Xinjiang, China; Kazakhstan |
| Ethnicity | Ili Turks |
Native speakers | 30 families in China (2007); moribund in Kazakhstan[1] |
Language family | Turkic
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ili |
| Glottolog | ilit1241 |
| ELP | Ili Turki |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
Ili Turki is an endangered[2] Turkic language spoken primarily in China. In 2007, it was reported that there were around 30 families using it in China.
Classification
Ili Turki appears to belong to the Chagatay group of Turkic languages, although it exhibits a number of features that suggest a Kipchak substratum.[3][4]
A comparison of Ili Turki's Chagatay and Kipchak features is shown below:
| Kazakh (Kipchak) | Ili Turki | Uzbek (Chagatay) | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *G > w after low vowels | taw | taw | tɒɣ | mountain |
| Genitive assimilation | tyje+niŋ / et+tiŋ | tʉjæ+nin / et+tin | tʉjæ+niŋ / et+niŋ | of the camel / of the meat |
| *G > w > Ø after high vowels | sarɨ | sarɨq | sarɨq | yellow |
| Loss of geminate consonants | seɡiz | sekkiz | sækkiz | eight |
Geographic distribution
Ili Turki is spoken in China's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture along the Ili River and its tributaries and in Yining. There may be some speakers in Kazakhstan. Ili Turki has no official status in either country.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | tʃ | dʒ | k | ɡ | q | |||
| Fricative | s | z | ʃ | χ | ʁ | h | ||||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central/back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rounded | Unrounded | ||
| Close | i | ʉ | ɨ |
| Mid | e | ɵ | |
| Open | æ | ɑ | |
Vocabulary
| No. | Ili Turki |
|---|---|
| 1 | bir |
| 2 | ekki |
| 3 | ʉtʃ |
| 4 | trt |
| 5 | beʃ |
| 6 | altə |
| 7 | jetti |
| 8 | sekkiz |
| 9 | tɵqqʉz |
| 10 | ɵn |
See also
References
- ^ Ili Turki at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages. London: Routledge.
- ^ Zhào, Xiāngrú; Hahn, Reinhard F. (1989). "The Ili Turk People and Their Language". Central Asiatic Journal. 33 (3/4): 261–285. JSTOR 41927706.
- ^ Hahn, Reinhard F. (1991). "An Annotated Sample of Ili Turki". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 45 (1): 31–53. JSTOR 23658071.
External links
Ili Turki language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
- v
- t
- e
| ARs / SARs | |
|---|---|
| Prefecture | |
| Counties/Banners | numerous |
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Chinese
- Chinese Sign
- Northern (Beijing) Sign
- Southern (Shanghai) Sign
- Hong Kong SignHK/MC
- Tibetan SignXZ
- GX = Guangxi
- HK = Hong Kong
- MC = Macau
- NM = Inner Mongolia
- XJ = Xinjiang
- XZ = Tibet
