Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

Big-tent opposition coalition led by Indian National Congress

Indian political party
    (Official)
  (Alternative)Alliance40 PartiesSeats in Lok Sabha
117 / 543
Seats in Rajya Sabha
90 / 245
Seats in State Legislative Assemblies
1,613 / 4,036
Seats in State Legislative Councils
96 / 423
Number of states and union territories in government
9 / 31

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (I.N.D.I.A; IAST: Bhāratīya Rāṣṭrīya Vikāsaśīla Samāveśī Gaṭhabaṃdhana) is a big tent multi party political alliance of 40 political parties in India.[2] The alliance is in opposition to the ruling National Democratic Alliance government led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in the 2024 Indian general elections.[3]

Etymology

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance, commonly known by its backronym I.N.D.I.A.,[7] is an opposition front announced by the leaders of 28 parties to contest the 2024 Lok Sabha elections. The name was proposed during a meeting in Bengaluru and was unanimously adopted by the 28 participating parties. While some sources attribute the suggestion of the name to Rahul Gandhi, the leader of the Indian National Congress (INC),[8] others mention that it was suggested by Mamata Banerjee, the Trinamool Congress (TMC) supremo and chief minister of West Bengal.[9]

History

The first Opposition parties' meeting, held in Patna, Bihar, was chaired by Chief Minister of Bihar Nitish Kumar on 23 June 2023, when the proposal for a new alliance was put on the table. The meet was attended by 16 Opposition parties.[10]

The second meeting, was held in Bengaluru, Karnataka on 17–18 July. It was chaired by UPA Chairperson Sonia Gandhi when the proposal for an alliance was accepted and ten more parties were added to the list. The alliance's name was finalized and given the name Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance. At this meeting, it was announced that the third meeting will be held in the city of Mumbai.[11] The third meeting was held in Mumbai, Maharashtra from 31 August to 1 September. The meeting was hosted by Shiv Sena (UBT) President Uddhav Thackeray and saw Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi, and chief ministers of 5 states in attendance. Over the two-day deliberations, the alliance discussed major electoral issues for the upcoming general elections, carved out the coordination committee, and passed a three-point resolution to fight 2024 Indian general elections together 'as far as possible'.[12][13]

The fourth meeting was held in New Delhi on 19 December. The meeting was primarily held to discuss seat-sharing, joint rallies, and the prime ministerial face and/or convenor of the alliance. The alliance adopted a resolution to ensure maximum use of VVPATs in upcoming elections. "To enhance confidence in elections, VVPAT slips should be directly given to voters to self-verify and place in a separate box, instead of them falling into the main box. Eventually, all VVPAT slips must be 100% counted, ensuring truly free and fair elections," read the resolution passed by the alliance at the meeting. Seat sharing was also to be done by either 31 December 2023 or mid-January 2024. It was also decided that protests will be held across the country on 22 December 2023 against the suspensions of opposition MPs in the Indian Parliament. Some leaders said that the alliance would hold a grand joint rally at Patna on 30 January 2024, the death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, although this was not officially announced.[14]

The alliance held its 5th meeting virtually with some leaders not attending.[15] Following the meeting, the Indian National Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge was declared the alliance chairperson.[1] Members also had discussions about seat sharing.[16] Nitish Kumar, the chief minister of Bihar, was offered the post of national convenor of the alliance which he declined.[17] Kumar went on to join the National Democratic Alliance in the 2024 Bihar political crisis two weeks later.[18]

Campaign

The bloc held its first event together on 22 December 2023, when nationwide protests were launched against the suspensions of opposition MPs in the Indian Parliament. Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge, party leader Rahul Gandhi, NCP President Sharad Pawar, CPI(M) leader Sitaram Yechury and other leaders held protests against the suspensions of MPs under the banner "Save Democracy" at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi.[19][20]

The bloc's first joint rally was held in Patna, Bihar on 3 March 2024. The rally saw, among others, Kharge, Rahul Gandhi, Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) chief Lalu Prasad Yadav, former Bihar Deputy Chief Minister Tejashwi Yadav, Samajwadi Party supremo Akhilesh Yadav, and senior Left leaders Sitaram Yechury and D. Raja. Kharge attacked Kumar for frequently changing alliances and criticised the BJP for not fulfilling its promise of jobs and neglecting the country's poor and the majority.[21]

Member parties

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance comprises a diverse range of political parties from across India. The 40 member parties of the alliance are:[22]

Party Logo/Flag Base Political Position Leader Regional Alliances
INC Indian National Congress
National Party Centre[26] to

centre-left

Mallikarjun Kharge United Democratic Front (Kerala), Secular Progressive Alliance, United Opposition Forum, Sanjukta Morcha, Maha Vikas Aghadi, Mizoram Secular Alliance
CPI(M) Communist Party of India (Marxist)
National Party Left-wing Sitaram Yechury Left Democratic Front (Kerala), Left Front (West Bengal), Left Front (Tripura), Sanjukta Morcha, People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration
AAP Aam Aadmi Party
National Party Centre-right to Centre-left Arvind Kejriwal United Opposition Forum
CPI Communist Party of India
Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Manipur Left-wing Doraisamy Raja Left Democratic Front
AITC All India Trinamool Congress
West Bengal, Meghalaya Centre Mamata Banerjee
DMK Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Puducherry, Tamil Nadu Centre-left M. K. Stalin Secular Progressive Alliance
NCP(SP) Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) Maharashtra, Kerala Centre Sharad Pawar Maha Vikas Aghadi
RJD Rashtriya Janata Dal
Bihar, Jharkhand Centre-left to left-wing Lalu Prasad Yadav Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)
AIFB All India Forward Bloc
West Bengal G. Devarajan Sanjukta Morcha
CPI(ML)L Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
Bihar Left-wing Dipankar Bhattacharya Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)
SP Samajwadi Party
Uttar Pradesh Centre-left to left-wing Akhilesh Yadav Samajwadi Alliance
SHS(UBT) Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)
Maharashtra Centre-right Uddhav Thackeray Maha Vikas Aghadi
JMM Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand Centre-left Hemant Soren Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)
RSP Revolutionary Socialist Party
Kerala Manoj Bhattacharya United Democratic Front (Kerala), Sanjukta Morcha
JKNC Jammu and Kashmir National Conference
Jammu and Kashmir Centre Farooq Abdullah People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration
KC(M) Kerala Congress (M)
Kerala Jose K. Mani Left Democratic Front
VCK Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
Tamil Nadu Left-wing Thol. Thirumavalavan Secular Progressive Alliance
MDMK Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Tamil Nadu Centre-left Vaiko Secular Progressive Alliance
KC Kerala Congress
Kerala P. J. Joseph United Democratic Front (Kerala)
IUML Indian Union Muslim League
Kerala K. M. Kader Mohideen United Democratic Front (Kerala)
PWPI Peasants and Workers Party of India Maharashtra Centre-left Jayant Prabhakar Patil Maha Vikas Aghadi
PDP Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
Jammu and Kashmir Mehbooba Mufti People's Alliance for Gupkar Declaration
MMK Manithaneya Makkal Katchi
Tamil Nadu M. H. Jawahirullah Secular Progressive Alliance
KMDK Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi
Tamil Nadu E. R. Eswaran Secular Progressive Alliance
RD Raijor Dal
Assam Left-wing Akhil Gogoi United Opposition Forum
AJP Assam Jatiya Parishad
Assam Centre-left to left-wing Lurinjyoti Gogoi United Opposition Forum
AGM Anchalik Gana Morcha
Assam Ajit Kumar Bhuyan United Opposition Foru
APHLC All Party Hill Leaders Conference
Assam Jonas Ingti Kathar(J.I. Kathar) United Opposition Forum
VBA Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi
Maharashtra Prakash Yashwant Ambedkar Maha Vikas Aghadi
BGPM Bharatiya Gorkha Prajatantrik Morcha
West Bengal Anit Thapa
HP Hamro Party
West Bengal Ajoy Edwards
GFP Goa Forward Party
Goa Vijai Sardesai
MNM Makkal Needhi Maiam
Tamil Nadu Centre Kamal Haasan Secular Progressive Alliance
ISF Indian Secular Front
West Bengal Nawsad Siddique Sanjukta Morcha
PLP Pubancholio Lok Parishad
Assam Charan Chandra Deka United Opposition Forum
JDA Jatiya Dal Assam
Assam M.G. Hazarika United Opposition Forum
ZNP Zoram Nationalist Party
Mizoram
H. Lalrinmawia Mizoram Secular Alliance
MPC Mizoram People's Conference
Mizoram
Vanlalruata Mizoram Secular Alliance
MD Mahan Dal
Uttar Pradesh
Kesav Dev Maurya Samajwadi Alliance
RLD Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan
Hanuman Beniwal
IND Independent INDEPENDENTS
40 Parties

Organisational structure

Organisational structure of the Alliance
Party Coordination Committee and Election Strategy Committee Campaign Committee Working Group for Media Working Group for Social Media Working Group for Research
Aam Aadmi Party Raghav Chadha Sanjay Singh Raghav Chadha Raghav Chadha Jasmine Shah
All India Forward Bloc  – G. Devarajan Naren Chatterjee  –  –
All India Trinamool Congress Abhishek Banerjee TBD TBD TBD TBD
Communist Party of India D. Raja Binoy Viswam Bhalchandran Kango Bhalchandran Kango  –
Communist Party of India (Marxist) TBD Arun Kumar Pranjal Pranjal  –
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation  – Ravi Rai Sucheta Di V Arun Kumar  –
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam T R Baalu Tiruchi Siva Kanimozhi Karunanidhi Dayanidhi Maran A Raja
Indian National Congress K. C. Venugopal Gurdeep Singh Sappal Jairam Ramesh
Pawan Khera 		Supriya Srinate Amitabh Dubey
Indian Union Muslim League  – K. M. Kader Mohideen  –  –  –
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Omar Abdullah Hasnain Masoodi Tanvir Sadiq Ifra Ja Imran Nabi Dar
Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party Mehbooba Mufti Dr Mehboob Beg Mohit Bhan Iltija Mehbooba Ad. Aditya
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Hemant Soren Champai Soren Supriyo Bhattacharya
Alok Kumar 		Avindani Sudivya Kumar Sonu
Kerala Congress (M)  – Jose K. Mani  –  –  –
Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) Sharad Pawar P C Chako Jitendra Ahwad  – Vandana Chavan
Rashtriya Janata Dal Tejashwi Yadav Sanjay Yadav Manoj Jha Sumit Sharma Prof. Subodh Mehta
Revolutionary Socialist Party  – N. K. Premachandran  –  –  –
Samajwadi Party Javed Ali Khan Kiranmoy Nanda Ashish Yadav
Rajeev Nigam 		Ashish Yadav Alok Ranjan
Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) Sanjay Raut Anil Desai Arvind Sawant  – Priyanka Chaturvedi
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi  – Thirumavalavan  –  –  –

List of current chief ministers

State Portrait Chief Minister Ministry Deputy Chief Minister Governing parties
Delhi Arvind Kejriwal (AAP) Kejriwal III Vacant AAP
Himachal Pradesh Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu (INC) Sukhu I Mukesh Agnihotri (INC) INC
IND
Jharkhand Champai Soren (JMM) Soren Vacant JMM
INC
RJD
NCP (SP)
CPI(M-L)L
Karnataka Siddaramaiah (INC) Siddaramaiah II D. K. Shivakumar (INC) INC
IND
Kerala Pinarayi Vijayan (CPI(M)) Vijayan II Vacant CPI(M)
CPI
KC(M)
JD(S)
NCP (SP)
RJD
KC(B)
C(S)
INL
NSC
JKC
IND
Punjab Bhagwant Mann (AAP) Mann I Vacant AAP
Tamil Nadu M. K. Stalin (DMK) Stalin I Vacant DMK
INC
VCK
CPI
CPI(M)
Telangana Revanth Reddy (INC) Revanth Reddy I Mallu Bhatti Vikramarka(INC) INC
CPI
West Bengal Mamata Banerjee (TMC) Banerjee III Vacant TMC

Strength in parliament

The following is the party-wise strength of I.N.D.I.A. parties in the Parliament of India:

Party Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha Presence
INC
47 / 543
28 / 245
 National Party
DMK
24 / 543
10 / 245
 Tamil Nadu, Puduchery
AITC
18 / 543
13 / 245
 West Bengal, Meghalaya, Tripura
SS(UBT)
5 / 543
2 / 245
 Maharashtra
NCP-SP
4 / 543
2 / 245
 Maharashtra, Kerala
CPI(M)
3 / 543
5 / 245
 National Party
SP
3 / 543
3 / 245
 Uttar Pradesh
IUML
3 / 543
1 / 245
 Kerala, Tamil Nadu
JKNC
3 / 543
  – Jammu and Kashmir
CPI
2 / 543
2 / 245
 Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Manipur
AAP
1 / 543
10 / 245
 National Party
JMM
1 / 543
2 / 245
 Jharkhand
KC(M)
1 / 543
1 / 245
 Kerala
RSP
1 / 543
  – Kerala
VCK
1 / 543
  – Tamil Nadu
RJD  –
6 / 245
 Bihar, Jharkhand
MDMK
1 / 245
 Tamil Nadu

Strength in legislative assemblies

  •   background indicates I.N.D.I.A alliance government ruling assemblies.
State/UT Total Seats Last Election I.N.D.I.A Overall Tally CM from
Andhra Pradesh 175 2019 None
0 / 175
 YSRCP
Arunachal Pradesh 60 2019 INC (4)
5 / 60
 BJP
AITC (1)
Assam 126 2021 INC (23)
24 / 126
 BJP
CPI(M) (1)
Bihar 243 2020 RJD (79)
114 / 243
 JD(U)
INC (19)
CPI(ML)L (12)
CPI (2)
CPI(M) (2)
Chhattisgarh 90 2023 INC (35)
35 / 90
 BJP
Delhi 70 2020 AAP (62)
62 / 70
 AAP
Goa 40 2022 INC (3)
5 / 40
 BJP
AAP (2)
Gujarat 182 2022 INC (17)
23 / 182
 BJP
AAP (5)
SP (1)
Haryana 90 2019 INC (17)
30 / 90
 BJP
Himachal Pradesh 68 2022 INC (34)
34 / 68
 INC
Jammu and Kashmir 90 NA
Jharkhand 81 2019 JMM (29)
48 / 81
 JMM
INC (17)
RJD (1)
CPI(ML)L (1)
Karnataka 224 2023 INC (136)
136 / 224
 INC
Kerala 140 2021 CPI(M) (61)
137 / 140
 CPI(M)
INC (21)
CPI (17)
IUML (15)
KC(M) (5)
KEC (2)
NCP(SP) (2)
Madhya Pradesh 230 2023 INC (66)
66 / 230
 BJP
Maharashtra 288 2019 INC (45)
85 / 288
 SHS
NCP(SP) (19)
SS(UBT) (17)
SP (2)
CPI(M) (1)
PWPI (1)
Manipur 60 2022 INC (5)
5 / 60
 BJP
Meghalaya 60 2023 AITC (5)
10 / 60
 NPP
INC (5)
Mizoram 40 2023 INC (1)
1 / 40
 ZPM
Nagaland 60 2023 None
0 / 60
 NDPP
Odisha 147 2019 INC (9)
10 / 147
 BJD
CPI(M) (1)
Puducherry 33 2021 DMK (6)
8 / 33
 AINRC
INC (2)
Punjab 117 2022 AAP (92)
110 / 117
 AAP
INC (18)
Rajasthan 200 2023 INC (70)
70 / 200
 BJP
Sikkim 32 2019 None
0 / 32
 SKM
Tamil Nadu 234 2021 DMK (133)
159 / 234
 DMK
INC (18)
VCK (4)
CPI (2)
CPI(M) (2)
Telangana 119 2023 INC (64)
65 / 119
 INC
CPI (1)
Tripura 60 2023 CPI(M) (10)
13 / 60
 BJP
INC (3)
Uttar Pradesh 403 2022 SP (108)
110 / 403
 BJP
INC (2)
Uttarakhand 70 2022 INC (19)
19 / 70
 BJP
West Bengal 294 2021 AITC (221)
221 / 294
 AITC

Candidates in election

2024 general elctions

2024 general election

Seat sharing summary

  Some I.N.D.I.A. member parties decided to contest against the alliance.

Source:[27][28][29][30]

Parties States/UTs Seats contested Won +/-
Indian National Congress Karnataka 28 325 + TBD
Madhya Pradesh 28[31]
Gujarat 24[32]
Rajasthan 24
Andhra Pradesh TBD
Odisha TBD
Maharashtra 13+TBD
Telangana 17
Uttar Pradesh 17[31]
Kerala 16[33]
Punjab 13[34]
Assam 13
West Bengal 9+TBD
Chattisgarh 11
Bihar 9
Haryana 9[35]
Tamil Nadu 9[36]
Jharkhand 7
Uttarakhand 5
Himachal Pradesh 4
Delhi 3[35]
Arunachal Pradesh 2[37]
Goa 2[35]
Jammu and Kashmir 2
Manipur 2
Meghalaya 2[28]
Andaman Nicobar 1
Chandigarh 1[35]
DNHDD 1
Ladakh 1
Lakshadweep 1[28]
Mizoram 1
Nagaland 1[28]
Puducherry 1[36]
Sikkim 1[28]
Tripura 1[38]
Samajwadi Party Uttar Pradesh 62 63[31]
Madhya Pradesh 1
All India Trinamool Congress West Bengal 42[39] 48
Assam 4[40]
Meghalaya 1[41]
Uttar Pradesh 1[42]
Communist Party of India (Marxist) West Bengal 19+TBD 47[43]

+ TBD

Kerala 15
Tamil Nadu 2
Andaman Nicobar 1
Andhra Pradesh 1
Assam 1
Bihar 1
Jharkhand 1
Karnataka 1
Odisha 1
Punjab 1
Rajasthan 1
Telangana 1
Tripura 1
Communist Party of India Jharkhand 8[37] 27+ TBD
Uttar Pradesh 5[44]
Kerala 4[45]
Assam 2[46]
Tamil Nadu 2[47]
Andhra Pradesh TBD
Bihar 1
Chhattisgarh 1
Maharashtra 1
Manipur 1[48]
Odisha 1
West Bengal 1[49]
Rashtriya Janata Dal Bihar 26 27
Jharkhand 1
Aam Aadmi Party Punjab 13[34] 22[35]
Delhi 4
Assam 2[50]
Gujarat 2
Haryana 1
Shiv Sena (UBT) Maharashtra 17+TBD 18+ TBD
DNHDD 1
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 21
Nationalist Congress Party (SP) Maharashtra 7+TBD 8+ TBD
Lakshadweep 1
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand 5
Communist Party of India(M–L)L Bihar 3 4
Jharkhand 1
Indian Union Muslim League Kerala 2[33] 3
Tamil Nadu 1[51]
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference Jammu and Kashmir TBD
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Jammu and Kashmir TBD
Revolutionary Socialist Party West Bengal 2[52] 3
Kerala 1[33]
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi Tamil Nadu 2[53]
All India Forward Bloc West Bengal 1+TBD[54] TBD
Assam Jatiya Parishad Assam 1[55]
Kerala Congress (J) Kerala 1[33]
Kerala Congress (M) Kerala 1[45]
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi Tamil Nadu 1[51]
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 1[53]
Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan 1[56]

Ideology and objectives

According to the Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge, the alliance's ideology revolves around the principles of developmentalism, inclusivity, and social justice. By combining their efforts, the member parties aim to protect democratic values, promote welfare and progress, and counter what they perceive as an ideology that threatens the idea of India.[57] It was formed with the objective of defeating the incumbent BJP led NDA in the 2024 Indian general election.

Resolution

The alliance passed a three-point resolution in its Mumbai meeting on 1 September 2023 to collectively contest 2024 Indian General elections.[58]

  • We, the INDIA parties, hereby resolve to contest the forthcoming Lok Sabha elections together as far as possible. Seat-sharing arrangements in different states will be initiated immediately and concluded at the earliest in a collaborative spirit of give-and-take.
  • We, the INDIA parties, hereby resolve to organize public rallies at the earliest in different parts of the country on issues of public concern and importance.
  • We, the INDIA parties, hereby resolve to coordinate our respective communications and media strategies and campaigns with the theme Judega BHARAT, Jeetega INDIA in different languages.

Timeline

Seat sharing

West Bengal

West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee announced on 24 January 2024 that the Trinamool Congress (TMC) party would run alone in the state's forthcoming general elections.[59][60] Over members of the alliance will contest as part of there Sanjukta Morcha.

Delhi

The AAP is likely to fight on 4 seats whereas the Congress may get 3 seats in Delhi.[61][62]

Punjab

The Congress and AAP declared that they will contest separately in Punjab, in what AAP supremo Arvind Kejriwal described as a "mutual agreement" with "no bad blood" between the parties.[63] AAP also declared candidates for three Lok Sabha seats in Assam after claiming they were tired of negotiations with Congress for seat sharing.[64]

Uttar Pradesh

On 21 February 2024, in a joint press conference, the Congress and the Samajwadi Party announced that the Congress will fight in 17 of the 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh, leaving the rest for other alliance members.[65] There were also reported to be talks between the Congress and the SP for seat-sharing in Madhya Pradesh, in which the SP may be offered to contest the Khajuraho seat.[66]

Past members

Party Base State Year of withdrawal Reference(s)
Nationalist Congress Party Maharashtra 2023 [67][68] the Nationalist Congress Party (Ajit Pawar Faction) is a member
Janata Dal (United) Bihar 2024 [69][70]
Rashtriya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 2024 [71]
Apna Dal (Kamerawadi) Uttar Pradesh 2024 [72]
Janvadi Party (Socialist) Uttar Pradesh 2024 [72]

Exits

On 28 January 2024, Nitish Kumar resigned as the Chief Minister of Bihar and decided to leave the Mahagathbandhan alliance, a part of the I.N.D.I.A. bloc in Bihar, by expressing dissatisfaction with the functioning of the government. He rejoined the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).[73]

The Rashtriya Lok Dal left the bloc to join the BJP-led NDA on 14 January 2024.[74]

See also

Note

  1. ^ Members consist of left-wing to centre-right parties.

References

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