International Charter 'Space and Major Disasters'

Non-binding multinatinal alliance

The International Charter "Space and Major Disasters" is a non-binding charter which provides for the charitable and humanitarian acquisition and transmission of satellite data to relief organizations in the event of major disasters. Initiated by the European Space Agency and the French space agency CNES after the UNISPACE III conference held in Vienna, Austria, in July 1999, it officially came into operation on November 1, 2000, after the Canadian Space Agency signed onto the charter on October 20, 2000. Their space assets were then, respectively, ERS and ENVISAT, SPOT and Formosat, and RADARSAT.

The assorted satellite assets of various corporate, national, and international space agencies and entities provide for humanitarian coverage which is wide albeit contingent. First activated for landslide in Slovenia in November 2000,[1] the Charter has since brought space assets into play for numerous floods, earthquakes, oil spills, forest fires, tsunamis, major snowfalls, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes and landslides,[2][3] and furthermore (and unusually) for the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370[4] and for the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak.[5] As of 2015, fifteen space agencies are signatories; dozens of satellites are available with image resolutions ranging from 8 kilometres (5 mi) per pixel to about 0.3 metres (1 ft) per pixel.[6] As of August 2018, it had had 579 activations, from 125 countries, and had 17 members, which contributed 34 satellites.[7] It won the prestigious William T. Pecora Award in 2017.[8]

Successive signatories and satellite assets

As of 2012,[update] the live satellites and their instrumentalities were: The high resolution and very high resolution radar sensors of ENVISAT (decommissioned in April), RISAT-1, RADARSAT-1 & 2, TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X; the high resolution and very high resolution optical sensors of SPOT satellites4 & 5, Pleiades, Landsat 5 & 7, PROBA1, UK-DMC 2, KOMPSAT-2, IRS-P5, Resourcesat-2, Oceansat-2, Cartosat-2, IMS-1, and RapidEye; the medium and low resolution optical sensors of POES, GOES, and SAC-C. Furthermore, specific agreements with other entities, including corporations, allow the Charter access to additional products of high and very high resolution from satellites such as the Formosat series, GeoEye, IKONOS, QuickBird, and WorldView.[10]

In 2014, the charter was activated 41 times for disasters in 30 countries. In that year the live satellites and their instrumentalities included: The high and very high resolution radar sensors of Risat-1, RADARSAT-2, TerraSAR-X, and TanDEM-X and Sentinel-1A; the optical high and very high resolution sensors of UK-DMC 2, Landsat 7 and 8, SPOT series 5, 6, and 7, Pléiades 1A and 1B, PROBA 1, SJ-9A, GF-1, KOMPSAT-2, IRS-P5 (Cartosat-1), Cartosat-2, Resourcesat-2, Oceansat-2, RapidEye, Kanopus-V, and Resurs-P, and the HDTV camera mounted the Kibo module of the International Space Station; and the medium and low optical sensors of POES, GOES, FY-3C, the Metop series, the first two Meteosat generations, and Meteor-M. Specific agreements with other entities allow for the usage of the Formosat, GeoEye, IKONOS, QuickBird, and WorldViews satellites, which have high and very high resolution. Archival data from defunct satellites such as ALOS, ENVISAT, ERS, CBERS, IRS-1C, Astra 1D, IRS P4, P6, IMS-1, RADARSAT-1, SAC-C, SPOT 1-3 & 4, UK-DMC, Landsat-5 and NigeriaSat are also available.[13]

Major events resulting in activation

This is very much a partial list; the 500th activation of the Charter was on 1 August 2016.[14]

  • August 2020. The Charter was activated by the Centre Opérationnel de Gestion Interministérielle des Crises (COGIC) for the 2020 Beirut explosions.[34]

See also

  • Spaceflight portal
  • iconScience portal
  • iconPolitics portal

References

  1. ^ Landslide in Slovenia - Activations - International Disasters Charter. Disasterscharter.org. Retrieved on 2020-11-13.
  2. ^ Activations - International Disasters Charter. Disasterscharter.org. Retrieved on 2020-11-13.
  3. ^ "Saving lives from space". BBC News. 7 October 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  4. ^ a b "Home - International Disasters Charter".
  5. ^ Robert Peckham; Ria Sinha (2017). Satellites and the New War on Infection: Tracking Ebola in West Africa (PDF). Geoforum (Report). Vol. 80. Retrieved April 2, 2023.
  6. ^ "15 Years of International Cooperation on Disaster Response". International Charter Newsletter. International Charter Space and Major Disasters. 2015-12-31. p. 5. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
  7. ^ n/a, n/a (2018-08-07). "Charter in Numbers". International Charter on Space and Major Disasters. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
  8. ^ "International Charter wins prestigious Pecora Award". International Charter on Space and Major Disasters. 2017-11-22. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
  9. ^ a b c International Charter on Space and Major Disasters // International Symposium on Remote Sensing Applications to Natural Hazards, Washington, D.C. 12 September 2007, Barbara J. Ryan (Associate Director for Geography, U. S. Geological Survey)
  10. ^ a b "International Charter, Space & Major Disasters, Executive Secretariat 12th Annual Report, January-December 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
  11. ^ Roscosmos Acknowledged Full Member of International Charter on Space and Major Disasters Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine // APRIL 23, 2014
  12. ^ Роскосмос — 15-й участник Международной хартии по космосу и крупным катастрофам Archived 2014-08-26 at the Wayback Machine (Russian space agency is 15th member of International Charter on Space and Major Disasters) // ГЕОМАТИКА. — 2013. — № 3. — С. 14-16. (GEOMATIKA Archived 2014-08-26 at the Wayback Machine 2013 №3 pages 14-16) (in Russian)
  13. ^ "14th Annual Report". International Charter Space & Major Disasters. 2015-12-31. pp. 4–6. Retrieved 2016-05-07.
  14. ^ "500th activation of the International Charter" (Press release). International Charter on Space and Major Disasters. 1 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  15. ^ "Home - International Disasters Charter".
  16. ^ First Satellite Map of Haiti Earthquake, ScienceDaily
  17. ^ Spaceman: How satellites are being used in Haiti. BBC (2010-01-14). Retrieved on 2011-03-13.
  18. ^ (in French) Plan Orsec – Wikipédia. Fr.wikipedia.org. Retrieved on 2011-03-13.
  19. ^ Disaster Charter – Earthquake in New Zealand. Disasterscharter.org. Retrieved on 2011-03-13.
  20. ^ Disaster Charter – Earthquake in Japan Archived 2011-03-16 at the Wayback Machine. Disasterscharter.org (2010-05-28). Retrieved on 2011-03-13.
  21. ^ "Disaster Charter - Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines". Disasterscharter.org. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  22. ^ "15 space organizations join hunt for missing Malaysian jet". CNET. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  23. ^ "Ebola epidemic in West Africa". Archived from the original on 2017-11-19. Retrieved 2014-10-10.
  24. ^ "Global Ebola outbreak deaths exceed 4,000 - WHO". BBC News. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  25. ^ "Latest Activation: Fire in Canada". International Charter on Space and Major Disasters. 4 May 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
  26. ^ "Flood in United States". International Charter on Space and Major Disasters. 14 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  27. ^ "Cyclone in the U.S." International Charter Space & Major Disasters. 2017-08-24. Archived from the original on 2017-08-29. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  28. ^ "Hurricane Irma in the Dominican Republic". International Charter Space & Major Disasters. 2017-09-05. Archived from the original on 2017-09-07. Retrieved 2017-09-06.
  29. ^ "Hurricane Irma in the United States". International Charter Space and Major Disasters. 2017-09-07. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
  30. ^ "Irma in Haiti". International Charter Space & Major Disasters. 2018-09-07. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2017-09-11.
  31. ^ Parry, Tom (2017-09-22). "Help from above: Canadian satellite assists with hurricane recovery, other natural disasters". CBC News.
  32. ^ "Hurricane Maria in the Dominican Republic". International Charter on Space and Major Disasters. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
  33. ^ "Tecnología Espacial para la Búsqueda del Submarino Argentino". CONAE. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  34. ^ "Industrial accident in Lebanon – Activations – International Disasters Charter". disasterscharter.org. Retrieved 20 August 2020.

External links

  • Official site Archived 2009-09-07 at the Wayback Machine
  • Text of the charter
  • International Charter infographic by ESA
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