This is a list of Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language(s).
Algeria
Algeria an Ailgéir |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
Dzayer | Berber | |
Belgium
Belgium an Bheilg |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Antwerp | Antuairp | Antwerpen | Dutch | |
Brussels | an Bhruiséil | Brussel | Dutch | |
Bruxelles | French | |
Flanders | Flóndras | Vlaanderen | Dutch | |
Leuven | Lováin | Leuven | Dutch | Site of St Anthony's College, Leuven, a centre of Irish learning and culture on the Continent |
Ostend | Ostainn | Oostende | Dutch | |
Wallonia | an Vallúin | Wallonie | French | |
Walonreye | Walloon | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Canada
China
Croatia
Croatia an Chróit |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Dalmatia | an Dalmáit | Dalmacija | |
Zagreb | Ságrab | Zagreb | |
Cyprus
Cyprus an Chipir |
English name | Irish name | Endony | Notes |
Name | Language |
Nicosia | an Leafcóis; an Nicóis | Lefkosía | Greek | |
Lefkoşa | Turkish | |
Czech Republic
Denmark
Egypt
Egypt an Éigipt |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Cairo | Caireo | | | |
France
France an Fhrainc |
English name | Irish name | French place | Notes |
Name | Language |
Bordeaux | Bordghal | Bordeaux | French | |
Bordèu | Gascon | From Latin Burdigula[1] |
Brittany | an Bhríotáin | Breizh | Breton | |
Bretagne | French | |
Burgundy | an Bhurgúin | Bourgogne | French | |
Corsica | an Chorsaic | Corse | French | |
Corsica | Italian | |
Lorraine | an Lorráin | Lorraine | French | |
Lottringe | West Franconian | |
Louréne | Lorrain | |
Normandy | an Normainn | Normandie | French | |
Normaundie | Norman | |
Paris | Páras | Paris | French | |
Germany
Germany an Ghearmáin |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Bavaria | an Bhaváir | Bayern | German | |
Berlin | Beirlín | Berlin | German | [2] |
Saxony | an tSacsain | Sachsen | German | |
Saggsn | Upper Saxon |
Sakska | Upper Sorbian |
Great Britain
Great Britain an Bhreatain Mhór |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Aberdeen | Obar Dheathain | Obar Dheathain | Scottish Gaelic | |
Bristol | Briostó | Bristol | English | |
Cardiff | Caedydd | Caerdydd | Welsh | |
Carlisle | Cathair Luail | Carlise | English | |
Coatbridge | Drochaid an Chóta | Drochaid a' Chòta | Scottish Gaelic | |
Cornwall | an Chorn | Kernow | Cornish | |
Corn na Breataine | |
Douglas | Dúlais | Doolish | Manx | |
Glasgow | Glaschú | Glaschu | Scottish Gaelic | |
Dundee | Dún Déagh | Dùn Dèagh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Edinburgh | Dún Éideann | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
England | Sasana | England | English | From Old Irish Saxain (“Saxons, England”).[3][4] |
Guernsey | Geansaí | | | |
Hebrides | Inse Ghall | na h-Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
Inverness | Inbhear Nis | Inbhir Nis | Scottish Gaelic | |
Isle of Man | Manainn | Mannin | Manx | Translation Oileán Mhanann (from Manx: Ellan Vannin) also used |
Isle of Wight | Inis Iocht | Isle of Wight | English | |
Jersey | Geirsí | | | |
Liverpool | Learpoll, Learpholl | Liverpool | English | |
London | Londain | London | English | |
Manchester | Manchain | Manchester | English | From Latin Mancunia |
Orkney | Inse Orc | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Oxford | Áth na nDamh | Oxford | English | Calque, literally "ford of the oxen" |
Perth | Peairt | Peairt | Scottish Gaelic | |
Scotland | Albain | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | See Alba |
Stirling | Sruighle | Sruighlea | Scottish Gaelic | English name also used in Irish |
Strathclyde | Srath Chluaidh | Srath Chluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
Wales | an Bhreatain Bheag | Cymru | Welsh | Literally "Little Britain."[5] |
York | Eabhrac | York | English | From the Latin Eboracum. |
Greece
Greece an Ghréig |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Language | Notes |
Athens | an Aithin | | | |
Crete | an Chréit | | | |
Rhodes | Ródas | | | |
Thessaloniki | Teasaloinicé | | | |
Iceland
Iceland an Íoslainn |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Reykjavík | Réicivíc | Reykjavík | |
India
India an India, an Ind |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Delhi | Deilí | | | |
Kolkata | Calcúta | | | |
Indonesia
Indonesia an Indinéis |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Jakarta | Iacárta | Jakarta | Indonesian | |
Israel
Italy
Libya
Libya an Libia |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Tripoli | Tripilí | | | |
Lithuania
Lithuania an Liotuáin |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Vilnius | Vilnias | Vilnius | Lithuanian | |
Moldova
Moldova an Mholdóiv |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Chişinău | Císineá | | | |
Myanmar
Myanmar Maenmar |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Yangon | Rangún | | | |
Palestine
Palestine an Phalaistín |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Bethlehem | Beithil | بيت لحم (Beit Lahm) | Arabic | |
בֵּית לֶחֶם (Bet Leḥem) | Hebrew |
Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | القُدس (Al-Quds) | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yershuláyim) | Hebrew |
Nazareth | Nazarat | النَّاصِرَة (an-Nāṣira) | Arabic | |
נָצְרַת (Natsrat) | Hebrew |
ܢܨܪܬ, (Naṣrath) | Imperial Aramaic |
Poland
Poland an Pholainn |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Warsaw | Vársá | Warzawa | Polish | |
Portugal
Portugal an Phortaingéil |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Lisbon | Liospóin | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
Madeira | Maidéara | | | |
Romania
Romania an Rómáin |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Bucharest | Búcairist | Bucureşti | Romanian | |
Russia
Russia an Rúis |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Moscow | Moscó | Moskva | Russian | |
Saint Petersburg | Cathair Pheadair | Sankt Peterburg | Russian | |
Siberia | an tSibéir | | | |
Ural | an Úrail | | | |
Serbia
Serbia an tSeirbia |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Belgrade | Béalgrád | Beograd | |
South Korea
Spain
Sudan
Sudan an tSúdáin |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Khartoum | Cartúm | | | |
Sweden
Sweden an tSualainn |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Götaland | an Ghotlann | Götaland | Swedish | |
Stockholm | Stócólm | Stockholm | Swedish | |
Switzerland
Switzerland an Eilvéis |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Geneva | an Ghinéiv | Genf | German | |
Genève | French | |
Syria
Syria an tSiria |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Damascus | an Damaisc | Dimašq | Standard Arabic | |
Tunisia
Tunisia an Túnéis |
English name | Irish name | Tunisian place | Notes |
Name | Language |
Tunis | Túinis | | | |
Ukraine
Ukraine an Úcráin |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Crimea | an Chrimé | | | |
Kyiv | Cív | Kyiv | Ukrainian | |
United Arab Emirates
United States
United States Stáit Aontaithe |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Boston | Bostún | Boston | English | |
Ellis Island | Oileán an Choraintín | Ellis Island | English | Meaning ‘Quarantine Island,’ reflecting the fact that Irish arrivals in New York were seen as carriers of infections and obliged to spend periods of quarantine there. |
Hawai'i | Haváí | Hawai'i | English, Hawaiian | |
New York City | Nua-Eabhrac | New York City | English | From the Latin Eboracum, the old name for York, England. |
Vietnam
Vietnam Vítneam |
English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
Name | Language |
Hanoi | Hanáí | Hà Nội | Vietnamese | |
References
- ^ Molloy, Cian (2002). The Story of the Irish Pub. The Liffey Press. p. 14.
- ^ "berlin - Aistriúchán Gaeilge ar berlin (An Foclóir Nua Béarla-Gaeilge)". www.focloir.ie. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
- ^ "Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, Or, Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages". Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts. 18 September 1887 – via Google Books.
- ^ O'Curry, Eugene (20 July 1878). "Lectures on the Manuscript Materials of Ancient Irish History: Delivered at the Catholic University of Ireland, During the Sessions of 1855 and 1856". William A. Hinch – via Google Books.
- ^ McGarry, Patsy. "In a Word . . . Wales". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Milan". tearma.ie - Dictionary of Irish Terms - Foclóir Téarmaíochta. Fiontar. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
See also
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