Ischnocera
Suborder of lice
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| Ischnocera | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Undetermined Strigiphilus species from a Ural owl (Strix uralensis), side view | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Psocodea |
| Suborder: | Troctomorpha |
| Infraorder: | Nanopsocetae |
| Parvorder: | Phthiraptera |
| Superfamily: | Ischnocera |
| Families[1] | |
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The Ischnocera is a large superfamily of lice. They are mostly parasitic on birds, but including a large family (the Trichodectidae) parasitic on mammals. The genus Trichophilopterus is also found on mammals (lemurs), but probably belongs to the "avian Ischnocera" and represents a host switch from birds to mammals. It is a chewing louse, which feeds on the feathers and skin debris of birds. Many of the avian Ischnocera have evolved an elongated body shape. This allows them to conceal themselves between the feather shafts and avoid being dislodged during preening or flight.
The taxonomy of the group is in need of revision, as several phylogenetic studies have found the group to be paraphyletic, specifically in regards to the two major families Philopteridae and Trichodectidae. In order to resolve this, in 2020 de Moya et al. proposed retaining the majority of the species (including Philopteridae) within Ischnocera, and then moving Trichodectidae to its own grouping called Trichodectera.[2]
Ischnocera currently consists of the following families:[1]
- Philopteroidea
- Goniodidae
- Heptapsogasteridae
- Lipeuridae
- Philopteridae (paraphyletic)
- Trichophilopteridae
- Trichodectoidea
- Bovicolidae
- Dasyonygidae
- Trichodectidae
References
- ^ a b Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2021). "Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0". Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ de Moya, Robert S; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Walden, Kimberly K O; Sweet, Andrew D; Dietrich, Christopher H; Kevin P, Johnson (2021-06-16). Buckley, Thomas (ed.). "Phylogenomics of Parasitic and Nonparasitic Lice (Insecta: Psocodea): Combining Sequence Data and Exploring Compositional Bias Solutions in Next Generation Data Sets". Systematic Biology. 70 (4): 719–738. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syaa075. ISSN 1063-5157.
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Extant Psocodea families
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Insecta
- Subclass: Pterygota
- Infraclass: Neoptera
- Superorder: Paraneoptera
Suborder Trogiomorpha | |||||||
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Suborder Troctomorpha | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Suborder Psocomorpha | |||||||||||||
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Order Psocodea is comprised of paraphyletic Psocoptera (book lice or bark lice) and monophyletic Phthiraptera (lice), both previously classified as orders.
