Isidoro Ocampo
Isidoro Ocampo (20 June 1910, Veracruz — 4 February 1983, Mexico City) was a Mexican artist during the Mexican Muralism era, best known for his graphic work. Much of his career was dedicated to teaching, which kept his artistic output low, but he was also a founding member of the Taller de Gráfica Popular and the Sociedad Mexicana de Grabadores as well as member of the Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios and the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana.
Life
Ocampo was born Isidoro Ocampo Vidal in the city of Veracruz on Mexico’s Gulf Coast to Medarno Ocampo and María Vidal.[1][2] His very early childhood was spent with his father, who was a lighthouse keeper. When he was five, he was sent to Mexico City to begin his primary education.[3]
Ocampo had been drawing since age ten, but the family’s economic needs led his father to send him to study commerce. However, Ocampo rebelled and began to study art at the Academy of San Carlos at night from 1928 to 1932.[2][3] Engraving and printmaking became his main specialty, learning techniques in wood, metal and stone.[3][4] Because of his exemplary coursework, he was named a teaching assistant at San Carlos. Ocampo also went on to study at the Escuela de Artes del Libro with Francisco Díaz de León and Carlos Alvarado Lang, learning lithography with Emilio Amero.[3]
Ocampo remained in Mexico City throughout his life and during his career, dying in his home at age 72 from cardiac arrest. He was buried at the San Lorenzo Tezonco Cemetery in Iztapalapa.[1]
Career
Ocampo was one of Mexico’s important printmakers in the first half of the 20th century. Although he began painting in 1932, his primary focus remained the graphic arts.[3] In 1932, he left San Carlos to work at the state-run publisher Editorial Imprenta Cultural, where he illustrated twenty-eight books over seven years, also producing lithographs, etchings and woodcuts.[3][4]
In the 1930s, he also began teaching classes in art, dedicating thirty-two years of his life teaching drawing and painting at the various art schools, classes for beginners sponsored by the Secretaría de Educación Pública, primarily in middle schools, as well as night classes for adults.[2][4] He also taught at the Escuela de Bellas Artes and Academy of San Carlos.[3] This teaching work kept the production of his own artwork low.[2]
Much of Ocampo’s graphic production was in association with various workshops. In 1936, he became a member of the Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios (LEAR), collaborating on an adult literacy project.[3] In 1937, he was a founding member of the Taller de Gráfica Popular (TGP), dedicated to works with political and social themes, but was one of the few there that did not openly support communism through his work. He left TGP in 1940 when a dispute over the pricing of prints caused a schism. He rejoined for a short while, but left for the last time in 1944. Despite the conflicts, his work was included a 1946 TGP publication called “Mexican People” and participated in the group’s three shows in the United States.[3][4][5] In 1948, he became a founding member of the Sociedad Mexicana de Grabadores, and in 1949 became involved with the Sociedad para el Impulso de las Artes Plásticas.[1][2][5]
In 1947 he published an album of ten prints from woodcuts, copied by hand.[1]
Ocampo had his first formal exhibition of his work in 1941 along with Gonzalo de la Paz Pérez and Raúl Anguiano.[1] He exhibited his work in Mexico, the rest of the Americas, and Europe.[3] For a number of years he exhibited his work with the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana, of which he was a member, and participated in inter-American Biennials in engraving and painting. His most important exhibitions include 20 Centuries of Mexican Art in New York (1938), Sociedad Mexicana de Grabadores in Tokyo (1959), Exhibition of Mexican Art at the Mexican Consulate General in San Antonio, Texas (1959), and Isidoro Ocampo, Maestro, grabador y pintor at the Palacio de Bellas Artes (1973) .[2] Other art competitions he participated in include the III Bienal Interamericana de Pintura y Grabado in 1958-1960 and the II Bienal Americana de Grabado in 1965.[5]
Artistry
Isidoro Ocampo was both a graphic artist and painter, but was best known for his graphic work.[1] His formation as an artist was shaped by the then-dominant Mexican School of Painting, or Muralism Movement, with its emphasis on art as a political and social force.[2][4] His work was strongly influenced by that of José Guadalupe Posada, Leopoldo Méndez and José Clemente Orozco in both theme and technique, with his graphic work compared to that of David Alfaro Siqueiros.[2][3] Other influences included the works of Honoré Daumier, Francisco Goya, and Pablo Picasso. Both his graphic and easel works are Expressionistic, especially those with themes related to struggle, injustice, and ping along with popular scenes. He was noted for his use of mostly primary colors.[2]
He was inclined toward humanistic themes and social issues and how they are expressed in art, believing that art should serve social ends, especially advocating for the poor.[1][2] One major theme was poverty but also issues such as fascism. He was an observer of urban life in Mexico and one of few printmakers to create images of workers at leisure.[3]
External links
- Listings for over 60 works produced by Isidoro Ocampo during his time at the Taller de Gráfica Popular can be viewed at Gráfica Mexciana.
- v
- t
- e
- Gilberto Aceves Navarro
- Luis Acosta
- Aurea Aguilar
- Ignacio Aguirre
- Rodolfo Aguirre Tinoco
- Lourdes Alaniz
- Ernesto Alcántara
- Rosa María Alfonseca
- David Alfaro Siqueiros
- Ramón Alva de la Canal
- Ernesto Álvarez Cortés
- Jesús Álvarez Amaya
- Lola Álvarez Bravo
- Manuel Álvarez Bravo
- Colette Álvarez Urbajtel
- Jorge Alzaga
- Pablo Amor
- Raúl Anguiano
- Anibal Angulo
- Chappie Angulo
- Luis Y. Aragón
- Gustavo Arias Murueta
- Gabriela Arévalo
- Javier Arévalo
- Rolando Arjona
- Luis Arenal
- Gerardo Murillo ("Dr. Atl")
- Abelardo Ávila
- Oscar Ávila Soberanes
- Alfonso Ayala
- Héctor Ayala
- Ignacio Asúnsolo
- Octavio Bajonero
- Santos Balmori
- Pedro Banda
- Silvia Barbescu
- Osvaldo Barra Cunningham
- Sofía Bassi
- Feliciano Béjar
- Arnold Belkin
- Valerio Bello
- Angelina Beloff
- Alberto Beltrán
- Félix Beltrán
- Luis Beltrán
- Roberto Berdecio
- Ignacio M. Beteta
- Helen Bickham
- Ángel Bracho
- Adrian Brun
- Ángel Boliver
- Enrique Bostelmann
- Bruno Pablo Bresani
- Alejandro Caballero
- Rocío Caballero
- Geles Cabrera
- Yolanda Cabrera
- Celia Calderón
- Gloria Calero Sierra
- Susana Campos
- Alfonso Campos Quiroz
- Federico Canessi
- Federico Cantú
- Gerardo Cantú
- Francisco Cárdenas Martínez
- Alfredo Cardona Chacón
- Angélica Carrasco
- Julio Carrasco Bretón
- Leonora Carrington
- Jorja Carreño
- Beatriz Caso
- Pilar Castañeda
- Isidro Eduardo Castellanos Paredes
- Rosa Castillo
- Fidencio Castillo
- Carmen Castilleja
- Guillermo Castrejón
- Antonio Castro López
- Fernando Castro Pacheco
- Vita Castro
- Elizabeth Catlett
- Alberto Cavazos
- Guillermo Ceniceros
- Pedro Cervantes
- Enrique Climent
- Arnaldo Coen
- Vladimir Cora
- Flaviano Coral
- Pedro Coronel
- Álvaro Cortés
- Erasto Cortés Juárez
- Francisco Corzas
- Olga Costa
- Hugo Covantes
- Christa Cowrie
- José Víctor Crowley
- Héctor Cruz
- Marco Antonio Cruz
- Dolores Cueto
- Germán Cueto
- Alejandro Chacón Pineda
- Blanca Charolet
- Carlos Antonio Chávez
- José Chávez Morado
- Tomas Chávez Morado
- Maria Eugenia Chellet
- Julio Chico
- Chungtar Chong López
- Azteca de Gyves
- Myriam de la Riva
- Alberto de la Vega
- Gonzalo de la Paz Pérez
- Javier del Cueto
- Antonio Díaz Cortés
- Francisco Díaz de León
- María Elena Delgado
- Olga Dondé
- Roberto Donis
- Francisco Dosamantes
- Guillermina Dulché
- Armando Eguiza
- Evangelina Elizondo
- Laura Elenes
- Augusto Escobedo
- Jesús Escobedo
- Arturo Estrada
- Manuel Echauri
- Enrique Echeverría
- Alfredo Falfán Vivanco
- Gabriel Fernández Ledesma
- Javier Fernández Helguera
- Luis Filcer
- David Flores
- Leopoldo Flores
- Pedro Friedeberg
- Manuel Fuentes Estrada
- Mario Fuentes
- Dina Frumin
- Guillermo Gadda
- Byron Galvez
- Jesús Gallardo
- Mario Gallardo
- José Gama González
- Vicente Gandía
- José Julio Gaona
- Andrés Garay
- María García
- Arturo García Bustos
- Arturo García Campos
- Héctor García Cobo
- Carlos García Estrada
- José García Narezo
- José de Jesús García Gil
- Adalberto García Ordaz
- Luis García Robledo
- Antonio García Vega
- Mauricio García Vega
- Elva Garma
- Andrea Gómez
- Mauro Gómez
- Esther González Gómez
- Jorge González Camarena
- Melquiades González
- Silvia H. González
- Gregorio González
- Consuelo González Salazar
- Ignacio Granados
- Irma Grizá
- Alfredo Guati Rojo
- Arturo Guerrero
- Carlos Guerrero
- Jesús Guerrero Galván
- Lorenzo Guerrero
- Xavier Guerrero
- Ángela Gurría
- Luis Gutiérrez
- Jesús Gutiérrez Martínez
- Olivia Guzmán
- José Hernández Delgadillo
- Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin
- Miguel Hernández Urbán
- Cuauhtémoc Hernández Landa
- Víctor Manuel Hernández Castillo
- Manuel Herrera Cartalla
- Elena Huerta Muzquiz
- Rodolfo Hurtado
- Francisco Icaza
- Xavier Iñiguez
- María Izquierdo
- Tania Janco
- Carlos Jaurena
- Abel Jiménez
- Sarah Jiménez
- Alberto Jiménez Quinto
- Heriberto Juárez
- Juan Carlos Juárez Arreola
- Carlos Jurado
- Jazzamoart
- Frida Kahlo
- James Key
- Macrina Krauss
- Pablo Kubli
- María Lagunes
- Carlos Lamothe Silva
- Carmen Lang Merino
- Marisa Lara
- Gerardo Lartigue
- Paulina Lavista
- Agustín Lazo
- Rina Lazo
- Paula Lazos
- Fernando Leal
- Miguel Ledezma Campos
- Alfredo León Gil
- Rosa Lie Johansson
- Armando López Becerra
- Julia López
- Nacho López
- Amador Lugo
- Catherine Mac Deville
- Leonel Maciel
- Maridel Macluf
- Elsa Madrigal
- Francisco Magallán
- Maka
- Tosia Malamud
- Salvador Manzano
- Maria Luisa Martin
- Francisco Marín
- Arturo Márquez
- Ofelia Márquez Huitzil
- Mary Martín
- Héctor Martínez Arteche
- Gustavo Martínez Bermúdez
- Magdalena Martínez Franco
- Pedro Martínez Osorio
- Jesús Martínez
- Ricardo Martínez de Hoyos
- Ángel Mateos Benavides
- Daniel Manrique
- Rafael Mazón
- John Mc.Ghee
- Jody Mc.Grath
- Arturo Mecalco
- Ramiro Medina
- Jaime Mejía
- Patricia Mejía Contreras
- Deyanira África Melo
- Eliana Menassé
- Olga Méndez
- Leopoldo Méndez
- Antonio Mendoza
- Carlos Mérida
- Oscar Merino
- Rafael Merino
- Benito Messeguer
- Adolfo Mexiac
- Guillermo Meza
- Alfonso Michel
- Flor Minor
- Raúl Monje Poo
- José Monjaraz
- Roberto Montenegro
- Gustavo Montoya
- Francisco Mora
- Vicente Jesús Montes
- Aliria Morales
- Virginia Morales
- Alejandro Moreno
- Francisco Moreno Capdevila
- Nicolás Moreno
- Carlos Nakatani
- Rogelio Naranjo
- Eduardo Nasta Luna
- Antonio Nava
- Nefero
- Ignacio Nieves Beltrán
- Leonardo Nierman
- Claudia Nierman
- Rodolfo Nieto
- Luis Nishizawa
- Isidoro Ocampo
- Juan O'Gorman
- Pablo O'Higgins
- Froylan Ojeda
- Carlos Olachea
- Armando Ortega
- Ignacio Ortiz
- Trinidad Osorio
- Carlos Orozco Romero
- Mario Orozco Rivera
- Luis Ortiz Monasterio
- Javier Oteiza
- Fernando Pacheco
- Javier Padilla
- Sandra Pani
- Uriel Parker
- Mariano Paredes
- Tomás Parra
- Héctor Pérez Cruz
- Antonio Peláez
- Aida Petit Jean
- Feliciano Peña
- Ángel Pichardo
- Luz María Pizá Núñez
- Salvador Pizarro
- Enrique Pontones
- Pedro Preux
- Antonio Pujol
- Alejandro Quijano
- Yolanda Quijano
- Francisco Quintanar
- Adolfo Quinteros
- Fanny Rabel
- Alice Rahon
- Abel Ramírez Águilar
- Antonio Ramírez
- Everardo Ramírez
- Noemí Ramírez
- Jorge Germán Ramírez Nieto
- Mario Rendón Lozano
- María Luisa Reid
- Walter Reuter
- Maria Antonieta Reyes
- Jesús Reyes Ferreira
- Mario Reyes
- José Reyes Meza
- Antonio Reynoso
- Diego Rivera
- Elvia Rivero Chavero
- Gilberto Rodríguez
- Antonio Rodríguez de la Serna
- Antonio Rodríguez Luna
- Manuel Rodríguez Lozano
- Ignacio Rodríguez
- José Julio Rodríguez
- Oscar Rodríguez
- Tránsito Rojas Santamarina
- Rosa Rolanda
- Mario Romero González
- José Luis Rueda Leal
- José L. Ruíz
- Antonio Ruiz El Corcito
- Froylan Ruiz
- Juan Manuel Salazar
- Cecilia Sanchez Duarte
- Carlos Sánchez
- Sergio Sánchez Ramos
- Herlinda Sánchez Laurel
- Sebastián
- Alfredo Serrano Lara
- Victor Scareño
- Naomi Siegmann
- Sikuame
- Adriano Silva
- Adriano Silva Pantoja
- Waldemar Sjölander
- Luz Maria Solloa Junco
- Elena Somonte
- Juan Soriano
- Hermenegildo Sosa
- Rosendo Soto
- Valetta Swann
- Eduardo Talledos Sánchez
- Rufino Tamayo
- Leticia Tarragó
- José Guillermo Téllez Brun
- Silvia Tinoco
- Luis Toledo
- Elena Tolmac's
- Maria Teresa Toral
- Ángeles Torrejón
- Gerardo Torres
- Jorge Tovar
- Guillermo Toussaint
- Paulina Trejo
- Lucinda Urrusti
- Cordelia Urueta
- Luis Valsoto
- Sergio Valadez Estrada
- Ángel Vallarta
- Nancy van Overveldt
- Aniceto Vargas
- Zalathiel Vargas
- Octavio Vázquez
- Reynaldo Velázquez
- Gabriel Vergara
- Fernando Vilchis
- Alfonso Villanueva
- Luis Vizuet
- Vlady
- Barry Wolfrid
- Héctor Xavier
- Mariana Yampolsky
- Moisés Zabludovsky
- Alfredo Zalce
- Ángel Zamarripa
- Beatriz Zamora
- Álvaro Zardoni
- Gerardo Zarr
- Nahum B. Zenil
- Francisco Zúñiga
- José Zúñiga
- Celso Zubire
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Tesoros del Registro Civil Salón de la Plástica Mexicana [Treasures of the Civil Registry Salón de la Plástica Mexicana] (in Spanish). Mexico: Government of Mexico City and CONACULTA. 2012. p. 166.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Guillermo Tovar de Teresa (1996). Repertory of Artists in Mexico: Plastic and Decorative Arts. Vol. II. Mexico City: Grupo Financiero Bancomer. p. 426. ISBN 968-6258-56-6.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Isidoro Ocampo (Biographical details)". The British Museum. Retrieved 5 Sep 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "Isidoro Ocampo, México, 1910 – 1983" (in Spanish). Museo Nacional de San Carlos. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 5 Sep 2013.
- ^ a b c "Isidoro Ocampo". Sistema de Información Cultural (in Spanish). CONACULTA. Retrieved 5 Sep 2013.