J. L. Buttner
Jacques Louis Buttner | |
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Born | 1876 |
Education | Yale Medical School |
Occupation(s) | Physician, writer |
Jacques Louis Buttner (born 1876) was a French American physician and vegetarianism activist.
Biography
Buttner obtained his M.D. from Yale Medical School in 1909 and received the Campbell Gold Medal for the highest rank on his examination and the Keese Prize for his thesis.[1][2] In 1916, Buttner was described by the editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association as a "recognized representative in the literature of vegetarianism."[3] He argued for vegetarianism from a scientific basis.[4]
Buttner practiced medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. He was a member of the New Haven County Medical Association.[5]
In 1923, The New International Encyclopedia's entry for vegetarianism noted that "Buttner described a vegetarian as one who does not habitually make use of flesh food, in contradistinction to the habitual meat eater."[6]
A Fleshless Diet
Buttner is best known for his vegetarian book A Fleshless Diet, published in 1910. It was widely reviewed in medical journals with a mixed response.[7][8][9][10][11][12]
Buttner argued that comparative anatomy and nutrition demonstrates that man is suited for a fleshless diet and that meat is dangerous and unnecessary.[7][13] His recommended diet consisted of vegetables, eggs and milk.[14] Buttner wrote that "It is not illogical for vegetarians to use milk and eggs, as these animal products are distinctly less toxic than meat and also less likely to be disease-laden. They are obtained with a minimum of suffering on the part of the animals which furnish them to us."[15]
A review in the American Physical Education Review, praised the book for compiling useful dietetic research but commented that it failed to show scientific discretion in the selected material.[7] A review in the Journal of the American Medical Association recommended the book as a reference work whether or not one accepts Buttner's conclusions.[8] A review in The Medical Standard, noted that the book was a "piece of special pleading for the propaganda which it is designed to promote […] We may say this, however, for Dr. Buttner, that he has managed to present a much more rational and scientific case in behalf of a vegetable diet than most of those who have heretofore made the attempt."[9]
A negative review of the book in The Medical Era suggested that "Dr Buttner has correlated the usual arguments in favor of a vegetable diet, but has failed to show any scientific basis for the conclusions which he draws."[16] A review in the Yale Medical Journal concluded that "we do not agree that the total abstinence from flesh foods will produce the beneficial results that he maintains."[11]
It was positively reviewed in the Life and Health magazine as "so carefully written that it is worthy of consideration."[13] The American Journal of Clinical Medicine also positively reviewed the book as a "very reasonable and believable argument against the use of meat."[12]
Selected publications
- A Fleshless Diet: Vegetarianism as a Rational Dietary (New York, 1910)
- An Author's Defence of His Book on Vegetarianism (Yale Alumni Weekly, 1910)
- Vegetarianism (New York Medical Journal, 1911)
- Vegetarianism (Journal of the American Medical Association, 1912)
- Correspondence: Early Man and Meat Diet (Journal of the American Medical Association, 1916)
See also
- Ovo-lacto vegetarianism
References
- ^ Yale Alumni Weekly, 1909.
- ^ Anonymous. (1912). Directory of the Living Graduates of Yale University Issue of 1912. New Haven. p. 311
- ^ Editor. (1916). Correspondence: Early Man and Meat Diet. Journal of the American Medical Association 67 (26): 1957-1958.
- ^ Anonymous. (1915). The Metabolism of Vegetarians. Journal of the American Medical Association 64 (17): 1425.
- ^ Yale Alumni Weekly, 1911.
- ^ The New International Encyclopedia, Volume 23. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 53
- ^ a b c E. B. (1910). A Fleshless Diet: Vegetarianism as a Rational Dietary. American Physical Education Review 16: 352.
- ^ a b Anonymous. (1911). A Fleshless Diet: Vegetarianism as a Rational Dietary. Journal of the American Medical Association 56 (16): 1220.
- ^ a b Anonymous. (1910). A Fleshless Diet: Vegetarianism as a Rational Dietary. The Medical Standard 33 (11): 422.
- ^ Anonymous. (1910). A Fleshless Diet: Vegetarianism as a Rational Dietary. The American Journal of Surgery 24 (11): 360.
- ^ a b L. M. G. (1910). A Fleshless Diet: Vegetarianism as a Rational Dietary. Yale Medical Journal 17: 279-280.
- ^ a b Anonymous. (1911). A Fleshless Diet: Vegetarianism as a Rational Dietary. The American Journal of Clinical Medicine 18 (3): 344.
- ^ a b Anonymous. (1911). A Fleshless Diet: Vegetarianism as a Rational Dietary. Life and Health: The National Health Magazine 26 (2): 123.
- ^ Buttner, J. L. A Fleshless Diet. A List of Books and References to Periodicals in the Seattle Public Library. p. 18
- ^ Buttner, J. L. (1912). Vegetarianism. Journal of the American Medical Association 58 (22): 1705.
- ^ Anonymous. (1912). Vegetables vs. Mixed Diets. The Medical Era 21: 52.
- v
- t
- e
Veganism |
|
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Vegetarianism | |
Lists |
Secular | |
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Religious |
and drink
- Agave syrup
- Chicken fillet roll
- Coconut burger
- Coconut milk
- Fruits
- Grains
- Gelatin substitutes
- Jambon
- Meat alternative
- Miso
- Mochi
- Mock duck
- Nutritional yeast
- Plant cream
- Plant milk
- Quinoa
- Quorn
- Seitan
- Soy yogurt
- Tempeh
- Tofu
- Tofurkey
- Cheese
- Vegepet
- Vegetables
- Hot dog
- Vegetarian mark
- Sausage
- Sausage roll
- Beer
- Wine
- Veggie burger
and events
reports,
journals
- On Abstinence from Eating Animals (3rd century)
- An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty (1802)
- Vegetable Cookery (1812)
- A Vindication of Natural Diet (1813)
- Reasons for not Eating Animal Food (1814)
- Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
- Nature's Own Book (1835)
- Fruits and Farinacea (1845)
- The Pleasure Boat (1845)
- The Ethics of Diet (1883)
- What is Vegetarianism? (1886)
- Shelley's Vegetarianism (1891)
- Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses (1892)
- Why I Am a Vegetarian (1895)
- Figs or Pigs? (1896)
- Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian (1903)
- The Meat Fetish (1904)
- The New Ethics (1907)
- A Fleshless Diet (1910)
- The Benefits of Vegetarianism (1927)
- Living the Good Life (1954)
- Ten Talents (1968)
- Diet for a Small Planet (1971)
- The Vegetarian Epicure (1972)
- Moosewood Collective Cookbooks (1973)
- The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook (1975)
- Laurel's Kitchen (1976)
- Moosewood Cookbook (1977)
- Fit for Life (1985)
- Diet for a New America (1987)
- The Sexual Politics of Meat (1990)
- Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone (1997)
- The China Study (2005)
- Skinny Bitch (2005)
- Livestock's Long Shadow (2006)
- The Bloodless Revolution (2006)
- Eating Animals (2009)
- Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows (2009)
- The Vegan Studies Project (2015)
- Animal (De)liberation (2016)
- The End of Animal Farming (2018)
- Vegetable Kingdom (2020)
- Making a Stand for Animals (2022)
- Meat Atlas (annual)
- The Animals Film (1981)
- Diet for a New America (film) (1991)
- A Cow at My Table (1998)
- Meet Your Meat (2002)
- Post Punk Kitchen (2003–2005)
- Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
- Earthlings (2005)
- A Sacred Duty (2007)
- Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead (2010)
- Planeat (2010)
- Forks Over Knives (2011)
- Vegucated (2011)
- Live and Let Live (2013)
- Cowspiracy (2014)
- PlantPure Nation (2015)
- What the Health (2017)
- Carnage (2017)
- Dominion (2018)
- Eating You Alive (2018)
- The Game Changers (2018)
- You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment (2024)
authors,
physicians
cookbook authors
- Nava Atlas
- Mayim Bialik
- Gypsy Boots
- BOSH!
- Edward Espe Brown
- Tabitha Brown (actress)
- Suzy Amis Cameron
- Hannah Che
- Pinky Cole
- Chloe Coscarelli
- Yamuna Devi
- Sue Donaldson
- Crescent Dragonwagon
- Rose Elliot
- Rip Esselstyn
- Carol Lee Flinders
- Dick Gregory
- Richa Hingle
- Madhur Jaffrey
- Mollie Katzen
- Frances Moore Lappé
- Deborah Madison
- Linda McCartney
- Mary McCartney
- Tracye McQuirter
- Joanne Lee Molinaro
- Moosewood Collective
- Isa Chandra Moskowitz
- Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
- Gaz Oakley
- Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
- Mathew Pritchard
- Satchidananda Saraswati
- Derek Sarno
- Miyoko Schinner
- Alicia Silverstone
- Bryant Terry
- Anna Thomas
- Haile Thomas
- Lauren Toyota
- Jeeca Uy
- Umberto Veronesi
- Nisha Vora
- Alan Wakeman
- Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli
- Cinnaholic
- Crossroads Kitchen
- Greens Restaurant
- Little Pine (restaurant)
- Slutty Vegan
- Souley Vegan
- Veggie Grill