JNR Class D51

4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) (KNR Mika7)Length19,730 mm (64 ft 8+3⁄4 in)Loco weight76.8 t (75.6 long tons; 84.7 short tons)^[1]Total weight123.0 t (121.1 long tons; 135.6 short tons)

Performance figures
Maximum speed	85 km/h (55 mph)
Tractive effort	184.3 kN (41,400 lbf)

Career
Numbers	JNR : D51 1-D954,D51 1001-1161 (Japan) TRA : DT651-687 (Taiwan) Soviet Railways : D51-1-D51-30 (Soviet Union) KNR : 1701-1702 (Korea) Manila Railroad : 300-309 (Philippines)
Retired	1956 (Philippines) 1965 (Korea) 1975 (Japan) 1979 (Soviet Union) 1983 (Taiwan)
Disposition	174 preserved, five operational, 6 converted into JNR Class D61 (Japan) Nine preserved, two dumped (Russia) Four preserved (Taiwan)

The Class D51 (D51形) is a type of 2-8-2 steam locomotive built by the Japanese Government Railways (JGR), the Japanese National Railways (JNR), and Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company, Kisha Seizo, Hitachi, Nippon Sharyo, Mitsubishi, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries from 1936 to 1945 and 1950 to 1951. 174 were preserved in Japan but 5 out of the 174 are operational leaving only 169 on display .

Design and operation

The design of class D51 was based on the earlier D50, introduced in 1923. Wartime production featured some substitution of wood for steel parts like running boards, smoke deflectors and tender coal bunkers. A total of 1,115 D51s were built,^[2] the largest number in any single class of locomotive in Japan. Early D51s were nicknamed Namekuji-gata ("slug-form") for their shape. The locomotive was designed by Hideo Shima. It was used mainly in freight service through the 1960s. Some D51s were fitted with the Giesl ejector in Hokkaido to conserve on fuel.^[3]

Service outside Japan

Soviet Railways D51

The 30 specially built D51s that were left on Sakhalin (formerly Karafuto) by the retreating Japanese at the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) and after the Soviet-Japanese War (1945), were used from 1945 until 1979 by Soviet Railways. One was left outside Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station, and one is in running condition and is kept at the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station. Additionally two wrecks were left to the north of the city.^[4]

Korean National Railways Mika7

Two locomotives were built for the Korean National Railroad in 1950 by Mitsubishi for South Korea during the Korean War. Designated Mika7 (미카7) class, they were nearly identical to JNR class D51 except for the gauge.^[5]

Manila Railroad 300 class (1951)

According to the a journal published in 1956, ten locomotives were built by Nippon Sharyo for the Manila Railroad Company. These entered service in 1951. Numbered the 300 class, they were named after the cog locomotive class built in the 1910s for the Manila Railway. These locomotives differed from the rest of the D51 builds through the lack of smoke deflectors.^[6]

The locomotives had a short service life in the Philippines as Manila Railroad ordered the dieselization of its entire network, having all steam locomotives retired by 1956.^[7]

Taiwan Railways Administration DT650

From 1936 to 1944, Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō and Hitachi had built 32 D51s for Imperial Taiwan Railway. After World War II, they were taken over by Taiwan Railways Administration, and were classified DT650. In 1951, Kisha Seizō built three DT650s and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries built two DT650s for Taiwan Railways Administration.^[8]

Classification

The classification consists of a "D" for the four sets of driving wheels and the class number 51 for tender locomotives that the numbers 50 through 99 were assigned to under the 1928 locomotive classification rule.

Preserved examples

Over 173 Class D51 locomotives are preserved in Japan. D51 498 was restored by JR East and pulls special-event trains on JR East lines.^[9]

The following is a list of preserved locomotives as of July 2023.^[10]

Operational

• D51 146: Operated on the Mooka Railway, runs on compressed air. (Semi-operational)
• D51 200: Preserved in operational condition by JR West at the Kyoto Railway Museum, and was operating on Yamaguchi Line from November 2017 to May 2022, when a crack in one of its bogies was discovered. Restoration work and trial runs are continuing at the Railway Museum.
• D51 320: Operated at a railway museum in Abira, Hokkaido on compressed air. (Semi-operational)
• D51 498: Operated by JR East, based at Takasaki Rolling Stock Center^[9][11]
• D51 827: Operated at Aridagawa Railway Park in Wakayama Prefecture, runs on compressed air.

Built in 1938 at the JNR Hamamatsu Works, locomotive number D51 200 has been overhauled and restored to operational condition for use as SL Yamaguchi and SL Kitabiwako starting in 2017.^[12]

Static preservation

• 
  D51 6 in Asahikawa, Hokkaido
• 
  D51 51 ("Slug" type)
• 
  D51 125 in Funabashi, Chiba
• 
  D51 170 in Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto
• 
  D51 231 outside the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo in December 2014
• 
  D51 286 in Otaru, Hokkaido
• 
  D51 452 at Ome Railway Park in Tokyo
• 
  D51 470 in Gifu
• 
  D51 745 in front of Minakami Station in October 2012
• 
  D51 774 next to the former Taisha Station in Izumo in March 2016
• 
  D51 792 in Kasugai, Aichi
• 
  D51 862 in Machida, Tokyo
• 
  D51 946 at the Coal and Fossils Museum in Iwaki, Fukushima
• 
  D51 1085 in Aridagawa, Wakayama
• 
  D51 1108 at Sendai Shinkansen Depot in July 2008

Russian Class D51

• D51-1: Niigata Prefecture
• D51-2: Hokkaido
• D51-4: Sakhalin (working order, after re-gauging of the Sakhalin Railways to the Russian gauge stay in railway museum in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk station^[14])
• D51-22: Sakhalin (Plinthed outside Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk railway station)
• D51-23: Hokkaido
• D51-25: Hokkaido
• D51-26: Hokkaido
• D51-27: Hokkaido

Taiwan Railways Administration DT650

• DT652: Preserved at Tainan Sports Park.
• DT654: Preserved at East Stone Township, Chiayi County. (The current number is DT651)
• DT668: Preserved in operational condition at Changhua Locomotive Depot.
• DT670: Preserved at Art and Literature Center, Banqiao District, New Taipei City. (The current number is DT675)

Tank

Four-driver	10 60 230 400・500・600・700 860 950 960 1000 II 1060 II 1070・1150 5050 B10 B20
Six-driver	1000 I・1010 1020 1170 1200 1230 1250 1265 1360 2100・2120・2700 II・2900・3500 3300 3360 3380 3400 3700 3800 3800 II C10 C11 C12
Ten-driver	4100 4110 E10

Tender

Four-driver	5050 1060 5060 5200 5300・5400・5450・5480 5500・5630・5650 5900 5950 6050 6100 6120 6200・6250 6700・6750 6760 B50
Six-driver	8250 8350 8360・8380 8400 8450 8500　I 8500 II・8550 8620 8700 8800 8850 8600/8900 C50 18900/C51 8200 II/C52 C53 C54 C55 C56 C57 C58 C59 C60 C61 C62 C63 (proposed) HC51 (proposed)
Eight-driver	9550・9580 9600 9900/D50 D51 D52 D60 D61 D62 HD53 (proposed) HD60 (proposed)
Ten-driver	KE50 (proposed)
Mallet	9020 9750・9800・9850

Narrow gauge

Four-driver	Ke 100 Ke 110
Six-driver	Ke 150 Ke 160 Ke 170 Ke 200 Ke 210