James Thomson Bottomley

Irish physicist

Queens College, Belfast
Trinity College, Dublin

OccupationPhysicist

James Thomson Bottomley FRS FRSE (10 January 1845 – 18 May 1926) was an Irish-born British physicist.

He is noted for his work on thermal radiation and on his creation of 4-figure logarithm tables, used to convert long multiplication and division calculations to simpler addition and subtraction before the introduction of fast calculators.

Background

He was born in Fort Breda, County Down in Ireland, on 10 January 1845, the son of William Bottomley JP, a merchant in nearby Belfast. His mother, Anna Thomson, was the sister of William Thomson, Lord Kelvin,^[1] a connection which served him well throughout his life.

He was educated at Queens College, Belfast and then Trinity College, Dublin, originally studying natural philosophy and chemistry.^[2]

Career

His first employment was as assistant to scientist Thomas Andrews in Belfast. He then became a Demonstrator at King's College London, first in chemistry and then in physics.^[2] In 1870 he became a Demonstrator in Physics at Glasgow University. In 1875 this was retitled the Arnott and Thomson Demonstrator in Experimental Physics, following a bequest from the widow of Neil Arnott.

In 1872 his uncle Lord Kelvin proposed him as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and this was duly accepted. In June 1888 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in London.^[3]

On 5 February 1896 Bottomley was involved in the first demonstration of x-rays in Scotland. His uncle, Lord Kelvin, had received papers from Rontgen, but being ill passed them to his nephew, Bottomley, to deal with, also passing special equipment needed for the demonstration. Bottomley engaged Dr John Macintyre an electrical expert at Glasgow Royal Infirmary to make the demonstration.^[4]

In 1899, again with his uncle, the Glasgow engineering firm of Kelvin, Bottomley & Baird (K.B.B) was formed, specialising in gauges and meters but also producing loudspeakers and telephones.^[5] He became its chairman in 1908. In 1913 it became a Limited Company. He lived at 13 University Gardens, Glasgow, in this period.^[6]

He died in Glasgow on 18 May 1926.^[3] His grave stands close to the summit of the Western Necropolis in Glasgow.

The company of Kelvin, Bottomley and Baird continued until 1947.

Family

He married twice: firstly to Annie Elizabeth Heap of Manchester; secondly to Eliza Jennet Blandy, daughter of Charles R Blandy of Madeira.^[2]

William Thomson, Lord Kelvin and James Thomson were his uncles.

Publications

Dynamics: Theoretical Mechanics. 1877
"Electrometers by J. T. Bottomley". Science Lectures at South Kensington. Vol. I. London: Macmillan & Company. 1878. pp. 216–248.
On radiation from dull and bright surfaces. London 1887
On Thermal Radiation in Absolute Measure. 1888
Four figure mathematical tables: comprising logarithmic and trigonometrical tables, and tables of squares, square roots, and reciprocals.

References

^ "The University of Glasgow Story; James Thomson Bottomley". University of Glasgow. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c "James Thomson Bottomley; 1845 - 1926". Links.org. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh; (1783-2002)" (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
^ "The Fourth Haldane Tait Lecture" (PDF). The Scottish Society of the History of Medicine - Report of Proceedings. 1995. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
^ "Kelvin, Bottomley and Baird". Grace's Guide to British Industrial History. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
^ Glasgow Post Office Directory 1911-12

External links

Royal Society Picture Library | Portrait of James Thomson Bottomley

Professional and academic associations
Preceded by Osborne Reynolds	Secretary of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 1884–86	Succeeded by Arthur Schuster

Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society

Presidents

18th Century	Peter Mainwaring James Massey Dr Thomas Percival (I)
19th Century	Dr Thomas Percival (II) George Walker Thomas Henry (I) Dr John Hull Thomas Henry (II) John Dalton Dr Edward Holme Eaton Hodgkinson John Moore Sir William Fairbairn, Bt James Prescott Joule (I) Edward William Binney (I) Dr Robert Angus Smith Dr Henry Edward Schunck (I) James Prescott Joule (II) Edward William Binney (II) James Prescott Joule (III) Dr Henry Edward Schunck (II) Edward William Binney (III) James Prescott Joule (IV) Edward William Binney (IV) Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe William Crawford Williamson Robert Dukinfield Darbishire Balfour Stewart Osborne Reynolds Dr Henry Edward Schunck (III) Prof. Sir Arthur Schuster Henry Wilde Dr Henry Edward Schunck (IV) James Cosmo Melvill Prof. Sir Horace Lamb
20th Century	Prof. Sir Horace Lamb Charles Bailey Prof. Sir William Boyd Dawkins Sir William Henry Bailey Prof. Harold Baily Dixon (I) Francis Jones Prof. Frederick Ernest Weiss Francis Nicholson Prof. Sydney John Hickson William Thomson Prof. Sir Grafton Elliot Smith Prof. Sir Henry Alexander Miers Thomas Alfred Coward Prof. Harold Baily Dixon (II) Rev. Aloysius Laurence Cortie Herbert Levinstein Prof. Sir William Lawrence Bragg Charles Edmond Stromeyer Prof. Bernard Mouat Jones John Allan Prof. Reginald William James Robert Henry Clayton Prof. Douglas Rayner Hartree Prof. Herbert John Fleure Prof. Michael Polanyi Prof. Thomas Bertram Lonsdale Webster Dr Eric John Francis James Horace Hayhurst (I) Prof. Sir Geoffrey Jefferson Sir Peter Percy F. R. Venables Dr F. C. Toy C. E. Young Prof. Henry Solomon Lipson (I) Leonard Cohen Margaret Pilkington Horace Hayhurst (II) Brian Rodgers Dr George N. Burkhardt Dr George James Kynch Dr Edward Noah Abrahart Anthony Edmund Rivers Goulty Prof. Henry Solomon Lipson (II) Harry M. Fairhurst David G. Wilson Dr Lionel J. R. Postle Prof. Sir Netar P. Mallick (I) Dr Brian S. H. Rarity Philip G. Livesey Prof. Donald Stephen Lowell Cardwell Dr Edward Fletcher Cass Prof. Alexander Donnachie Dianne Wilson
21st Century	Iain E. Gillespie Angus G. D. Yeaman Keith D. Buckley Vivienne Blackburn Mary, Lady Mallick David J. Higginson Prof. Kenneth M. Letherman Prof. Sir Netar P. Mallick (II) Dr Diana M. Leitch Dr Susan R. Hilton Ian Cameron