Jay

Bird of the crow family
Jay
Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius)
Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius)
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Superfamily: Corvoidea
Family: Corvidae
Genera
  • Garrulus
  • Podoces
  • Ptilostomus
  • Perisoreus
  • Aphelocoma
  • Gymnorhinus
  • Cyanocitta
  • Calocitta
  • Cyanocorax
  • Cyanolyca

A jay is a member of a number of species of medium-sized, usually colorful and noisy, passerine birds in the crow family, Corvidae. The evolutionary relationships between the jays and the magpies are rather complex. For example, the Eurasian magpie seems more closely related to the Eurasian jay than to the East Asian blue and green magpies, whereas the blue jay is not closely related to either. The Eurasian jay distributes oak acorns, contributing to the growth of oak woodlands over time.

Systematics and species

Jays are not a monophyletic group. Anatomical and molecular evidence indicates they can be divided into a New World and an Old World lineage (the latter including the ground jays and the piapiac), while the grey jays of the genus Perisoreus form a group of their own.[1] The black magpies, formerly believed to be related to jays, are classified as treepies.

Old World ("brown") jays

Image Genus Living species
Garrulus Brisson, 1760
Podoces Fischer von Waldheim, 1821 - Ground jays
Ptilostomus Swainson, 1837

Grey jays

Image Genus Living species
Perisoreus Bonaparte, 1831 - Grey jays

New World jays

Image Genus Living species
Aphelocoma Cabanis, 1851 - Scrub-jays
Gymnorhinus Wied-Neuwied, 1841
Cyanocitta Strickland, 1845
Calocitta G.R. Gray, 1841 - Magpie-jays
Cyanocorax F. Boie, 1826
Cyanolyca Cabanis, 1851

In culture

Slang

The word jay has an archaic meaning in American slang meaning a person who chatters impertinently.[2][3]

The term jaywalking was coined in the first decade of the 1900s to label persons crossing a busy street carelessly and becoming a traffic hazard.[4] The term began to imply recklessness or impertinent behavior as the convention became established.[5]

In January 2014, Canadian author Robert Joseph Greene embarked on a lobbying campaign among ornithologists in Europe and North America to get Merriam-Websters Dictionary to have a "Jabber of Jays" as an official term under bird groups.[6][7]

References

  1. ^ Ericson, Per G. P.; Jansén, Anna-Lee; Johansson, Ulf S.; Ekman, Jan (May 2005). "Inter-generic relationships of the crows, jays, magpies and allied groups (Aves: Corvidae) based on nucleotide sequence data". Journal of Avian Biology. 36 (3): 222–234. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.493.5531. doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2001.03409.x.http://www.nrm.se/download/18.4e32c81078a8d9249800021299/Corvidae%5B1%5D.pdf PDF fulltext
  2. ^ "Jay". freedictionary.com. An overly talkative person; a chatterbox.
  3. ^ "Definition of Jay by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster, Inc.
  4. ^ "Definition of Jaywalker by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster, Inc.
  5. ^ "jay-walker". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  6. ^ "Writer lobbies for new word to describe jays". Vancouver Courier. January 2, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2014.
  7. ^ "British Ornithologists' Union: What say ye countrymen to a jabber of jays?". Community News. January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.

External links

  • v
  • t
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Extant species of family Corvidae
Family Corvidae
Choughs
Pyrrhocorax
  • Alpine chough (P. graculus)
  • Red-billed chough (P. pyrrhocorax)
Treepies
Crypsirina
  • Hooded treepie (C. cucullata)
  • Black racket-tailed treepie (C. temia)
Dendrocitta
  • Andaman treepie (D. bayleyi)
  • Bornean treepie (D. cinerascens)
  • Grey treepie (D. formosae)
  • Black-faced treepie (D. frontalis)
  • White-bellied treepie (D. leucogastra)
  • Sumatran treepie (D. occipitalis)
  • Rufous treepie (D. vagabunda)
Platysmurus
  • Malayan black magpie (P. leucopterus)
  • Bornean black magpie (P. aterrimus)
Temnurus
  • Ratchet-tailed treepie (T. temnurus)
Oriental
magpies
Cissa
  • Common green magpie (C. chinensis)
  • Indochinese green magpie (C. hypoleuca)
  • Bornean green magpie (C. jefferyi)
  • Javan green magpie (C. thalassina)
Urocissa
  • Taiwan blue magpie (U. caerulea)
  • Red-billed blue magpie (U. erythrorhyncha)
  • Yellow-billed blue magpie (U. flavirostris)
  • Sri Lanka blue magpie (U. ornata)
  • White-winged magpie (U. whiteheadi)
Old World jays
Garrulus
  • Eurasian jay (G. glandarius)
  • Lanceolated jay (G. lanceolatus)
  • Lidth's jay (G. lidthi)
Podoces
(Ground jays)
  • Xinjiang ground jay (P. biddulphi)
  • Mongolian ground jay (P. hendersoni)
  • Turkestan ground jay (P. panderi)
  • Iranian ground jay (P. pleskei)
Ptilostomus
  • Piapiac (P. afer)
Stresemann's
bushcrow
Zavattariornis
  • Stresemann's bushcrow (Z. stresemanni)
Family Corvidae (continued)
Nutcrackers
Nucifraga
  • Spotted nutcracker (N. caryocatactes)
  • Clark's nutcracker (N. columbiana)
  • Kashmir nutcracker (N. multipunctata)
Holarctic
magpies
Pica
  • Black-billed magpie (P. hudsonia)
  • Yellow-billed magpie (P. nuttalli)
  • Eurasian magpie (P. pica)
  • Oriental magpie (P. sericea)
  • Maghreb magpie (P. mauritanica)
  • Asir magpie (P. asirensis)
  • Black-rumped magpie (P. bottanensis)
True crows
Corvus
Australian and Melanesian species
Little crow (C. bennetti)
Australian raven (C. coronoides)
Bismarck crow (C. insularis)
Brown-headed crow (C. fuscicapillus)
Bougainville crow (C. meeki)
Little raven (C. mellori)
New Caledonian crow (C. moneduloides)
Torresian crow (C. orru)
Forest raven (C. tasmanicus)
Grey crow (C. tristis)
Long-billed crow (C. validus)
White-billed crow (C. woodfordi)
Pacific island species
Hawaiian crow (C. hawaiiensis)
Mariana crow (C. kubaryi)
Tropical Asian species
Slender-billed crow (C. enca)
Small crow (C. samarensis)
Palawan crow (C. pusillus)
Flores crow (C. florensis)
Large-billed crow (C. macrorhynchos)
Eastern jungle crow (C. levaillantii)
Indian jungle crow (C. culminatus)
House crow (C. splendens)
Collared crow (C. torquatus)
Piping crow (C. typicus)
Banggai crow (C. unicolor)
Violet crow (C. violaceus)
Eurasian and North African species
Mesopotamian crow (C. capellanus)
Hooded crow (C. cornix)
Carrion crow (C. corone)
Rook (C. frugilegus)
Eastern carrion crow (C. orientalis)
Fan-tailed raven (C. rhipidurus)
Brown-necked raven (C. ruficollis)
Holarctic species
Common raven (C. corax)
North and Central American species
American crow (C. brachyrhynchos)
Chihuahuan raven (C. cryptoleucus)
Tamaulipas crow (C. imparatus)
Jamaican crow (C. jamaicensis)
White-necked crow (C. leucognaphalus)
Cuban palm crow (C. minutus)
Cuban crow (C. nasicus)
Fish crow (C. ossifragus)
Hispaniolan palm crow (C. palmarum)
Sinaloan crow (C. sinaloae)
Tropical African species
White-necked raven (C. albicollis)
Pied crow (C. albus)
Cape crow (C. capensis)
Thick-billed raven (C. crassirostris)
Somali crow (C. edithae)
Jackdaws
Coloeus
Family Corvidae (continued)
Azure-winged
magpies
Cyanopica
  • Iberian magpie (C. cooki)
  • Azure-winged magpie (C. cyanus)
Grey jays
Perisoreus
  • Canada jay (P. canadensis)
  • Siberian jay (P. infaustus)
  • Sichuan jay (P. internigrans)
New World jays
Aphelocoma
(Scrub jays)
  • California scrub jay (A. californica)
  • Island scrub jay (A. insularis)
  • Woodhouse's scrub jay (A. woodhouseii)
  • Florida scrub jay (A. coerulescens)
  • Transvolcanic jay (A. ultramarina)
  • Unicolored jay (A. unicolor)
  • Mexican jay (A. wollweberi)
Calocitta
(Magpie-Jays)
  • Black-throated magpie-jay (C. colliei)
  • White-throated Magpie-jay (C. formosa)
Cyanocitta
  • Blue jay (C. cristata)
  • Steller's jay (C. stelleri)
Cyanocorax
  • Black-chested jay (C. affinis)
  • Purplish-backed jay (C. beecheii)
  • Azure jay (C. caeruleus)
  • Cayenne jay (C. cayanus)
  • Plush-crested jay (C. chrysops)
  • Curl-crested jay (C. cristatellus)
  • Purplish jay (C. cyanomelas)
  • White-naped jay (C. cyanopogon)
  • Tufted jay (C. dickeyi)
  • Azure-naped jay (C. heilprini)
  • Bushy-crested jay (C. melanocyaneus)
  • Brown jay (C. morio)
  • White-tailed jay (C. mystacalis)
  • San Blas jay (C. sanblasianus)
  • Violaceous jay (C. violaceus)
  • Green jay (C. ynca)
  • Yucatan jay (C. yucatanicus)
Cyanolyca
  • Silvery-throated jay (C. argentigula)
  • Black-collared jay (C. armillata)
  • Azure-hooded jay (C. cucullata)
  • White-throated jay (C. mirabilis)
  • Dwarf jay (C. nana)
  • Beautiful jay (C. pulchra)
  • Black-throated jay (C. pumilo)
  • Turquoise jay (C. turcosa)
  • White-collared jay (C. viridicyana)
Gymnorhinus
  • Pinyon jay (G. cyanocephalus)