Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand) (2019–present)
UPA (2014–2023)[2]
NDA (2009-2013)- Politics of India
- Political parties
- Elections
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (lit. Jharkhand Liberation Front; abbr. JMM) is a political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand which was founded by Binod Bihari Mahato.[4] It has one seat in the 17th Lok Sabha. Shibu Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the state of Odisha and parts of neighbouring of states. Its election symbol for Jharkhand is Bow and Arrow.[5]
The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand.[6] The State of Jharkhand also came into existence on Birsa Munda's birthday in 2000.[7]
Formation
For almost six decades the movement to separate Jharkhand from Bihar had been attempting to gain a foothold. The Jharkhand Party gained political strength but commissions examining the demands for a separate Jharkhand State consistently rejected its demands. Before 1962, the Jharkhand Party held between 23 and 32 seats in the Bihar Legislative Assembly. In 1962, it won 20 seats. Jaipal Singh Munda merged the Jharkhand Party with the Indian National Congress in 1963 and became a minister in Vinodanand Jha's government in Bihar. But other members did not join the Congress.[8]
In the 1967 general election, the party had a very poor showing with only eight Assembly seats. The party soon split into several splinter groups each claiming to be the genuine Jharkhand Party.[citation needed] These included the Jharkhand Party led by N. E. Horo, the Jharkhand Party led by Naren, and the All India Jharkhand Party led by Bagun Sumroi. There was also the Hul Jharkhand Party led by Justin Richard, which further fragmented and became the Bihar Progressive Hul Jharkhand Party led by Shibu Soren.
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha was founded by Soren, Binod Bihari Mahato and Marxist Co-ordination Committee leader A. K. Roy. The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, a 19th-century tribal warrior from Jharkhand, who fought against British rule in the region.[9]
On 4 February 1973, Mahato became president of the party and Soren became its general secretary. Prominent party leaders at that time included Roy, Nirmal Mahto and Tek Lal Mahto, among others.
Early years
In its early years, the JMM under Soren's leadership brought industrial and mining workers who were mainly non-tribals belonging to the Dalit and backward communities such as Surdis, Doms, Dusadh, Kurmi, Koiri, Gowala, and Teli into its fold. However Soren's association with the late politician Gyanranjan brought him close to the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. He won the Dumka Lok Sabha seat in 1972. Irked by Soren's association with the Indian National Congress, a few younger members of the JMM banded together in Jamshedpur and set up the All Jharkhand Students Union (AJSU). This did not affect the growth of the JMM in the 1991 Indian general election, where the party won six seats.
Ram Dayal Munda reignited the movement for Jharkhand by unifying splinter groups among the tribals. Under his guidance the Jharkhand Coordination Committee was constituted in June 1987, comprising 48 organisations and group including the JMM factions. Due to Munda, Shibu Soren, Suraj Mandal, Simon Marandi, Shailendra Mahato, and AJSU leaders like Surya Singh Besra and Prabhakar Tirkey briefly shared a political platform, but the JMM pulled out of JCC as it felt that "the collective leadership was a farce". In 1988 and 1989, the JMM, AJSU and JPP successfully orchestrated so-called bandhs, economic blockades.
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (B)
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (B), a political party in India 1980–1990. JMM(B) was formed when JMM leader Binod Bihari Mahato, following the decision by the JMM to contest elections in alliance with Indian National Congress. Mahato returned to JMM in 1987, after the killing of JMM president Nirmal Mahto, allegedly with Congress activists. JMM(B) merged with JMM in January 1990.
Jharkhand Yuva Morcha
Jharkhand Yuva Morcha (Jharkhand Youth Front) and Jharkhand Chhatra Morcha (Jharkhand Student Front), the youth and student wings of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, were constituted at a conference in Ranchi 16 October 1991.
List of chief ministers
No. | Chief Minister | Portrait | Term in Office | Assembly (election) | Constituency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | |||||
1 | Shibu Soren | 2 March 2005 | 12 March 2005 | 308 days | 2nd Assembly (2005 election) | did not contest | |
27 August 2008 | 19 January 2009 | ||||||
30 December 2009 | 1 June 2010 | 3rd Assembly (2009 election) | Jamtara | ||||
2 | Hemant Soren | 13 July 2013 | 28 December 2014 | 1 year, 168 days | Dumka | ||
29 December 2019 | 31 January 2024 | 4 years, 117 days | 5th Assembly (2019 election) | Barhait | |||
3 | Champai Soren | 2 February 2024 | Incumbent | 82 days | 5th Assembly (2019 election) | Seraikella |
List of deputy chief ministers
No. | Deputy Chief Minister (Constituency) | Portrait | Term in Office | Assembly (election) | Chief Minister | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
1 | Sudhir Mahato (Ichagarh) | 14 September 2006 | 23 August 2008 | 1 year, 344 days | 2nd Assembly (2005 election) | Madhu Koda | ||
2 | Hemant Soren (Dumka) | 11 September 2010 | 18 January 2013 | 2 years, 129 days | 3rd Assembly (2009 election) | Arjun Munda |
List of leaders of opposition
No. | Leader of Opposition (Constituency) | Portrait | Term in Office | Assembly (election) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | ||||
1 | Stephen Marandi (Dumka) | 24 November 2000 | 10 July 2004 | 3 years, 229 days | 1st Assembly (2000 election) | |
2 | Haji Hussain Ansari (Madhupur) | 2 August 2004 | 1 March 2005 | 211 days | ||
3 | Sudhir Mahato (Ichagarh) | 16 March 2005 | 18 September 2006 | 1 year, 186 days | 2nd Assembly (2005 election) | |
4 | Hemant Soren (Barhait) | 7 January 2015 | 28 December 2019 | 4 years, 355 days | 4th Assembly (2014 election) |
See also
References
- ^ "List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013" (PDF). India: Election Commission of India. 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ "Congress, JMM seal pre-poll pact in Jharkhand | Ranchi News - Times of India". The Times of India. 6 March 2018.
- ^ a b "Jharkhand Lok Sabha Election Results 2019". NDTV.com.
- ^ "Saffron Munda loves everything green - BJP cries neglect as chief minister warms up to old JMM associates". www.telegraphindia.com.
- ^ Pradeep Kaushal (28 September 2015). "Shiv Sena finds Jharkhand Mukti Morcha has first right to symbol". indianexpress.com. New Delhi: The Indian Express. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
Shivsena's bow-and-arrow symbol is the same as that of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.
- ^ P. 522 Lok Sabha debates by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha
- ^ P. 200 Basic Facts of General Knowledge By Sura College of Competition, V.V.K.Subburaj
- ^ Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. ISBN 9788170226918.
- ^ P. 522 Lok Sabha debates by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha
External links
- Soren stakes claim to form Jharkhand government – TCN News
- v
- t
- e
- Aam Aadmi Party
- Bahujan Samaj Party
- Bharatiya Janata Party
- Communist Party of India (Marxist)
- Indian National Congress
- National People's Party
- AJSU Party
- All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
- All India Forward Bloc
- All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
- All India N.R. Congress
- Trinamool Congress
- All India United Democratic Front
- Apna Dal (Soneylal)
- Asom Gana Parishad
- Bharat Rashtra Samithi
- Biju Janata Dal
- Bodoland People's Front
- Communist Party of India
- Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
- Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
- Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
- Goa Forward Party
- Hill State People's Democratic Party
- Indian National Lok Dal
- Indian Union Muslim League
- Indigenous People's Front of Tripura
- Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
- Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party
- Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
- Janata Dal (Secular)
- Janata Dal (United)
- Jannayak Janta Party
- Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (J)
- Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
- Kerala Congress (M)
- Lok Janshakti Party
- Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
- Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
- Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party
- Mizo National Front
- Naga People's Front
- Nationalist Congress Party
- Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party
- People's Party of Arunachal
- Rashtriya Janata Dal
- Rashtriya Lok Morcha
- Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
- Revolutionary Socialist Party
- Samajwadi Party
- Shiromani Akali Dal
- Shiv Sena
- Shiv Sena (UBT)
- Sikkim Democratic Front
- Sikkim Krantikari Morcha
- Telugu Desam Party
- Tipra Motha Party
- United Democratic Party
- United People's Party Liberal
- Voice of the People Party
- Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party
- Zoram People's Movement
parties
- Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam
- Apna Dal
- Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
- Bahujan Mukti Party
- Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh
- Bharatiya Tribal Party
- Communist Marxist Party
- Congress (Secular)
- Democratic Azad Party
- Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)
- Goa Vikas Party
- Gondwana Ganatantra Party
- Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
- Hamro Sikkim Party
- Hindustani Awam Morcha
- Ikkjutt Jammu
- Indian National League
- Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party
- Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference
- Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party
- Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
- Jannayak Janta Party
- Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)
- Jharkhand Party
- Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party
- Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement
- Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai)
- Kerala Congress (Jacob)
- Kerala Congress (Thomas)
- Lok Insaaf Party
- Loktantrik Janata Dal
- Mahan Dal
- Makkal Needhi Maiam
- Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
- Marxist Co-ordination Committee
- Naam Tamilar Katchi
- National Secular Conference
- NISHAD Party
- Pattali Makkal Katchi
- Puthiya Needhi Katchi
- Puthiya Tamilagam
- Raijor Dal
- Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
- Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
- Republican Party of India (Athawale)
- Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)
- Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)
- Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
- Shiv Sangram
- Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)
- Sikkim National People's Party
- Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
- Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
- Swabhimani Paksha
- Swatantra Bharat Paksh
- Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)
- Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam
- Telangana Jana Samithi
- Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance
- United Goans Democratic Party
- Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
- Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi
- Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
- Vikassheel Insaan Party
- Welfare Party of India