Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco, 8th Duke of Escalona
Spanish noble (1650-1725)
The Most Excellent The Duke of Escalona GE | |
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 The Duke of Escalona in an 18th century painting | |
| Seat A of the Royal Spanish Academy | |
| In office 6 July 1713 – 29 June 1725 | |
| Preceded by | Seat established |
| Succeeded by | Tomás Pascual de Azpeitia |
| Director of the Royal Spanish Academy | |
| In office 6 July 1713 – 29 June 1725 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Mercurio López Pacheco |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Juan Manuel María de la Aurora Fernández Pacheco Acuña Girón y Portocarrero (1650-09-07)7 September 1650 Marcilla (Navarre), Spain |
| Died | 29 June 1725(1725-06-29) (aged 74) Madrid, Spain |
| Spouse | María Josefa de Benavides Silva y Manrique de Lara (m.
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| Parents |
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Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco y Zúñiga, Duke of Escalona and Marquess of Villena (Marcilla, Navarre, 7 September 1650 – Madrid, 29 June 1725), was a Spanish aristocrat, politician, and academician who founded the Royal Spanish Academy.
Biography
Duke Juan Manuel Fernández, Duke of Escalona, Marquess of Villena, 12th Count of San Esteban de Gormaz, 8th Count of Xiquena was the son of Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona (1599–1653) and his second wife Juana María Francisca de Zuñiga (died 1652).[1] He served as Mayordomo mayor to the king, viceroy, and captain-general of the Kingdoms of Navarre, Aragon, Catalonia, Sicily and Naples, and, on 9 October 1687, was awarded the title of Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. In 1694 he lost the Battle of Torroella against the invading French and, during the War of the Spanish Succession, was imprisoned in Gaeta, Naples, by the Austrian empire, after losing the Siege of Gaeta (1707). Upon his release and return to Spain, he founded—under orders of King Philip V—the Royal Spanish Academy (Real Academia Española (RAE)). He was elected its first lifetime director in 1713.[2]
Marriage and children
on 29 September 1674 he married María Josefa de Benavides Silva y Manrique de Lara, daughter of Diego de Benavides, 8th Count of Santisteban. They had 2 sons:
- Mercurio López Pacheco y Benavides, (Escalona 9 May 1679 - Madrid 7 June 1738), the 9th Duke of Escalona and many other titles and also the lifetime 2nd director of the RAE (1725–1738).
- Marciano Fernández Pacheco (1688-1743)
References
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Viceroy of Navarre 1691–1692 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by Baltasar de los Cobos | Viceroy of Aragon 1693 | Succeeded by Domenico del Giudice |
| Preceded by | Viceroy of Catalonia 1693–1694 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Viceroy of Naples 1700–1713 | Succeeded by Georg Adam von Martinitz |
| Preceded by | Viceroy of Sicily 1701–1702 | Succeeded by |
| Academic offices | ||
| New title | Director of The Royal Spanish Academy 1713–1725 | Succeeded by |
| A seat of The Royal Spanish Academy 1713–1725 | Succeeded by Tomás Pascual de Azpeitia | |
| Spanish nobility | ||
| Preceded by | Duke of Escalona 1653–1725 | Succeeded by |
| Marquis of Villena 1653–1725 | ||
| Count of San Esteban de Gormaz 1653–1725 | ||
| Count of Xiquena 1653–1725 | ||
| Marquis of Moya 1653–1725 | Succeeded by Vicente de Cabrera | |
- v
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Real Academia Española seat A
- Juan Manuel Fernández Pacheco (1713)
- Tomás Pascual de Azpeitia (1726)
- José Abreu Bertodano (1750)
- Antonio Tavira y Almazán (1775)
- Eugenio de la Peña (1807)
- Eugenio de Tapia (1814)
- Severo Catalina (1861)
- Agustín Pascual González (1876)
- Luis Pidal y Mon (1895)
- Juan Menéndez Pidal (1915)
- Mariano de Cavia[1]
- Adolfo Bonilla (1921)
- Vicente García de Diego (1926)
- Manuel Seco (1980)
- Pedro Cátedra García (TBA)
[1] He was elected in 1916 but never took the seat
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