Lệnh thư
Lệnh thư 令書 | |
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A close up image of an edict dated 1765 during the reign of Cảnh Hưng, showing Chinese characters written in Lệnh thư 令書. | |
Script type | Logographic |
Time period | Revival Lê dynasty to 19th century, present (limited usage) |
Languages | Literary Chinese, Vietnamese |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Oracle bone script
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Child systems | Regular script Chữ Nôm |
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
Lệnh thư | |
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Vietnamese name | |
Vietnamese alphabet | Lệnh thư chữ Lệnh Nam tự[1] chữ Nam[2] |
Hán-Nôm | 令書 𡨸令 南字 𡨸南 |
Chinese characters | ||||||||
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Chinese family of scripts
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Historical forms and styles | ||||||||
Properties and classification | ||||||||
Collation and standards
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Reforms
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Homographs and readings | ||||||||
Derived systems | ||||||||
Transliteration of Chinese | ||||||||
This article contains Vietnamese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of chữ Nôm, chữ Hán and chữ Quốc ngữ. Lệnh thư (chữ Hán: 令書; 'edict script')[3][4] is a writing style for Chinese characters (chữ Hán) and chữ Nôm in Vietnamese calligraphy. It was first developed during the Revival Lê dynasty.[5] It was mainly at first used for official edict by the emperor and by officials in the imperial court.[6] But then became widely used in all of Vietnam. It is not found in any other country that also uses Chinese characters such as China, Korea, and Japan.[7] CharacteristicsThe writing script is defined by its distinct sharp upward hooks. It has strokes that are merged similar to the style seen in cursive script. Even though the script has merged strokes and is written quickly, it is just as readable as regular script is. Phạm Đình Hổ wrote in his essay, Vũ trung tùy bút 雨中隨筆, the edict script mimics the style of cursive script (chữ thảo 𡨸草), which is described as imitating the motion of a sword dance.[8] But the edict script under went changes where strokes were written fluidly with distinctive hooks. He further explains that it seems that it also developed influences from the cursive script and other scripts used traditionally in Chinese calligraphy.[9] HistoryThe script first appeared during the Lê trung hưng period (Revival Lê dynasty). During the reign of Quang Hưng 光興 (Lê Thế Tông), Phạm Đình Hổ also describes the writing of that time period (1599) to be more flamboyant with characters taking on the appearance of 'curved heads and twisted legs'.[10] Gallery
See alsoFurther reading
References
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