Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
LYNX1 |
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Available structures |
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PDB | Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB |
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Identifiers |
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Aliases | LYNX1, SLURP2, Ly6/neurotoxin 1 |
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External IDs | OMIM: 606110; MGI: 1345180; HomoloGene: 8026; GeneCards: LYNX1; OMA:LYNX1 - orthologs |
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Gene location (Human) |
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| Chr. | Chromosome 8 (human)[1] |
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| Band | 8q24.3 | Start | 142,771,197 bp[1] |
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End | 142,777,810 bp[1] |
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Gene location (Mouse) |
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| Chr. | Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2] |
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| Band | 15|15 D3 | Start | 74,619,701 bp[2] |
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End | 74,624,895 bp[2] |
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RNA expression pattern |
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Bgee | Human | Mouse (ortholog) |
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Top expressed in | - apex of heart
- right frontal lobe
- prefrontal cortex
- Brodmann area 9
- cingulate gyrus
- anterior cingulate cortex
- lateral nuclear group of thalamus
- left ventricle
- right hemisphere of cerebellum
- amygdala
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| Top expressed in | - interventricular septum
- dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell
- pontine nuclei
- visual cortex
- primary visual cortex
- superior frontal gyrus
- lateral geniculate nucleus
- cerebellar cortex
- medial geniculate nucleus
- medial vestibular nucleus
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| More reference expression data |
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BioGPS | |
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Gene ontology |
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Molecular function | - acetylcholine receptor inhibitor activity
- ion channel inhibitor activity
- acetylcholine receptor regulator activity
- acetylcholine receptor binding
| Cellular component | - extracellular region
- anchored component of membrane
- plasma membrane
- dendrite
- cell projection
- extracellular exosome
- membrane
- extracellular space
- endoplasmic reticulum
| Biological process | - negative regulation of signaling receptor activity
- synaptic transmission, cholinergic
- regulation of molecular function
- acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
- regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity
| Sources:Amigo / QuickGO |
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Orthologs |
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Species | Human | Mouse |
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Entrez | | |
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Ensembl | | |
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UniProt | | |
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RefSeq (mRNA) | |
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NM_177457 NM_177476 NM_177477 NM_001356370 |
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RefSeq (protein) | NP_803253 NP_001343301 NP_076435 NP_001343299 NP_803252
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NP_803429 NP_803430 |
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Location (UCSC) | Chr 8: 142.77 – 142.78 Mb | Chr 15: 74.62 – 74.62 Mb |
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PubMed search | [3] | [4] |
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Wikidata |
View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
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Ly6/neurotoxin 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the LYNX1 gene.[5] Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the Ly-6/neurotoxin gene family, a group of lymphocyte antigens that attach to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor and have a unique structure showing conserved 8-10 cysteine residues with a characteristic spacing pattern. Functional analysis indicates that this protein is not a ligand or neurotransmitter but has the capacity to enhance nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function in the presence of acetylcholine. This gene may also play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris.[5]
The LYNX1 gene codes for a protein (Lynx1) that binds to acetylcholine receptors in the brain.[6] Lynx1 a member of the Ly6 superfamily of proteins that are capable of modulating neurotransmitter receptors.[7]
Lynx1 and Visual Plasticity
Transgenic mice without Lynx1 expression do not have a normal critical period of neuroplasticity in the visual cortex for development of ocular dominance columns.[8] These mice show unusually rapid recovery from amblyopia in adulthood indicating a role in reduction of synaptic plasticity during the normal expression of Lynx1 in adult brain.[6]
Lynx1 reduces adult visual cortex plasticity by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NAchR) and diminishing acetylcholine signaling.[9] After the developmental critical period and into adulthood, both Lynx1 mRNA and protein levels increase in the adult V1 and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).[9] Lynx1 and nAChR mRNAs are co-expressed in the LGN, as well as in parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons.[9] After monocular deprivation during the critical period to induce amblyopia, Lynx1 knock-out rat models spontaneously recovered normal visual acuity by reopening the closed eye.[9] Similarly, an infusion of physostigmine to increase acetylcholine signaling prompted recovery from amblyopia in wild type mice[9] Inhibition of Lynx1 may be a possible therapeutic mechanism to prolong synaptic plasticity of the visual cortex and improve binocular function of some amblyopes.
See also
Other Ly6 family proteins that are expressed in the brain: Lynx2, LYPD6, LYPD6B and PSCA.[6]
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000180155 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022594 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: Ly6/neurotoxin 1".
- ^ a b c Miwa JM, Lester HA, Walz A (Aug 2012). "Optimizing cholinergic tone through lynx modulators of nicotinic receptors: implications for plasticity and nicotine addiction". Physiology. 27 (4): 187–99. doi:10.1152/physiol.00002.2012. PMID 22875450.
- ^ Holford M, Auer S, Laqua M, Ibañez-Tallon I (2009). "Manipulating neuronal circuits with endogenous and recombinant cell-surface tethered modulators". Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 2: 21. doi:10.3389/neuro.02.021.2009. PMC 2776481. PMID 19915728.
- ^ Higley MJ, Strittmatter SM (Nov 2010). "Neuroscience. Lynx for braking plasticity". Science. 330 (6008): 1189–90. doi:10.1126/science.1198983. PMC 3244692. PMID 21109660.
- ^ a b c d e Morishita H, Miwa JM, Heintz N, Hensch TK (Nov 2010). "Lynx1, a cholinergic brake, limits plasticity in adult visual cortex". Science. 330 (6008): 1238–40. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1238M. doi:10.1126/science.1195320. PMC 3387538. PMID 21071629.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.