Lake Tengiz

50°26′23″N 68°54′0″E / 50.43972°N 68.90000°E / 50.43972; 68.90000TypeSalt lakePrimary inflowsNura, KulanotpesBasin countriesKazakhstanSurface area1,382 km² (534 sq mi)Average depth2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)Max. depth6.7 m (22 ft)Shore length¹470 km (290 mi)Surface elevation305 m (1,001 ft)IslandsTengizi IslandsOfficial nameKourgaldzhin and Tengiz LakesDesignated11 October 1976Reference no.107 ^{[1] 1} Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Tengiz Lake (Kazakh: Теңіз көлі, Teñız kölı; Russian: Тенгиз^[2]) is a saline lake in Korgalzhyn District, Akmola Region, Kazakhstan.^[3]

On 16 October 1976, the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 23 unintentionally splashed down into the northern part of the lake, which was frozen, crashing through the ice. The crew was saved thanks to a very difficult but successful rescue operation.^[4]

Geography

Tengiz is a shallow lake, subject to seasonal variations in water level. Its eastern shore is deeply indented and includes the Tengizi Islands.^[5] The lake is located in an intermontane basin of the Kazakh Uplands and is the largest of the area.^[6]

The Nura and Kulanotpes are the main rivers flowing into the lake. Lake Korgalzhyn is located in the eastern part, and Kypshak and Kerey to the southwest of lake Tengiz.^[7]

Ecology

The lake Tengiz area is an important wetland site for birds. It is a part of a Ramsar wetland site of international importance, the Tengiz-Korgalzhyn Lake System, where 318 species of birds have been recorded, 22 of which are endangered.^[8] Neighboring lake Korgalzhyn is the most northerly nesting site for the Greater flamingo; in the years 2006-2011 around 45,000 members of that species were noted. In 2015, however, the number dropped to less than 15,000. The lake is part of the Korgalzhyn Nature Reserve, for which it was nominated in 2008 together with the Naurzum Nature Reserve as the first natural UNESCO World Heritage Site in Kazakhstan (Saryarka — Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan).

• 
  Tengiz Lake with a relative high level,
  15 September 1998,
  photo taken by Landsat 5 satellite.
• 
  Tengiz Lake with a relative low level,
  3 September 2011, north-east part and lake margins dried up,
  photo taken by Landsat 5 satellite.

References

External links

• Media related to Lake Tengiz at Wikimedia Commons