Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
Royal and Military Order of Saint Ferdinand | |
---|---|
Grand Laureated star of the Order of Saint Ferdinand | |
Type | Military Order of Merit |
Presented by | Spain |
Eligibility | Military personnel |
Status | Currently awarded |
Established | 31 August 1811 |
Ribbon of the order | |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | None |
Next (lower) | Military Medal[1] |
The Royal and Military Order of Saint Ferdinand (Spanish: Real y Militar Orden de San Fernando), is a Spanish military order of chivalry, the decoration of which, the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand (Spanish: Cruz Laureada de San Fernando), is Spain's highest military decoration for gallantry. Membership of the order, which is sometimes abbreviated RMOSF, is awarded in recognition of action, either individual or collective, to protect the nation, its citizens, or the peace and security of the international community in the face of immediate risk to the bearer. Those eligible are current and former members of the Spanish Armed Forces.
The Sovereign of the Order of San Fernando is the monarch of Spain,[2] who presides over the biennial chapter held in the Royal Monastery of El Escorial. The sovereign's representative in the Order is the Grand Master,[3] who governs it and is aided by the Maestranza.
Among the conditions laid out by the Royal Military Order of Saint Ferdinand for the granting of the award are:
- that the sole purpose of the action taken wasn't the saving of one's life;
- that the action was not motivated by improper ambition to honours unnecessarily disregarding one's (or that of one's subordinates) life;
- that, as far as possible, the damage and number of own casualties caused by the action was minimized;
- that the action was taken in the face of significantly adverse odds or other detrimental factors;
- that the action taken made a crucial difference to the situation in which it occurred.
The Royal Military Order of Saint Ferdinand was set up in 1811 by the Cortes of Cádiz – which served as a parliamentary Regency after Ferdinand VII was deposed – to honour heroic feats of arms. It was confirmed by King Ferdinand on his return to Madrid in 1815.[4] Its awardees include Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero, Juan Prim, Juan de la Cruz Mourgeón, Francisco de Albear, José Enrique Varela Iglesias (twice awarded, in 1920, and 1921), Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, Frederick Thomas Pelham, Henry Kelly (VC), Martín Cerezo,[5] Francisco Franco Bahamonde, and Mohamed Meziane.
See also
- Laureate Plate of Madrid
- Category:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
References
- Attribution
Loosely adapted from the Spanish Wikipedia article on the same topic.
- ^ "Orden DEF/3594/2003, de 10 de diciembre, por la que se aprueban las normas para la tramitación y concesión ordinaria de las Cruces del Mérito Militar, Naval y Aeronáutico, con distintivo blanco, y de las menciones honoríficas, la delegación de competencias en esta materia, y el uso de las condecoraciones representativas de las recompensas" [Order DEF/3594/2003, of December 10, by which the rules for ordinary processing and concession of the Crosses of the Military, Naval and Aeronautical Merit, with white badge, and of the honorific mentions, the delegation of competitions in this matter, and use of representative decorations of rewards are approved] (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-03-06 – via www.boe.es.
- ^ Regulation of the Royal and Military Order of San Fernando, article 2
- ^ Regulation of the Royal and Military Order of San Fernando, article 3(1)
- ^ Stevnsborg, Niels (September 2022). "A highly decorated regiment: the Dragoons of the French Imperial Guard". Orders & Medals Research Society Journal. 61 (3): 173. ISSN 1474-3353.
- ^ 1898, Our Last Men in the Philippines, Lieutenant Martín Cerezo was the only member of the Belar garrison in 1898 so recognized.
Sources
- "Real Decreto 899/2001, de 27 de julio, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de la Real y Militar Orden de San Fernando" [Royal Decree 899/2001, of July 27, approving the Regulations of the Royal and Military Order of San Fernando] (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-03-07 – via www.boe.es.
External links
- Order of San Fernando - Ministry of Defence website
- v
- t
- e
- Argentine Nation to the Heroic Valour in Combat Cross (Argentina)
- National Hero of Armenia (Armenia)
- National Hero of Azerbaijan title (Azerbaijan)
- Bir Sreshtho (Bangladesh)
- Hero of Belarus title (Belarus)
- Order of Bravery (Bulgaria)
- Order of August First (China)
- Order of Duke Domagoj (Croatia)
- Valour Cross (Denmark)
- Cross of Liberty (Estonia)
- Mannerheim Cross (Finland)
- Légion d'honneur (France)
- Cross of Honour for Valour (Germany)
- Cross of Valour (Greece)
- Param Vir Chakra (wartime) / Ashoka Chakra (peacetime) (India)
- Order of Fat'h (Iran)
- Military Medal for Gallantry (Ireland)
- Medal of Valor (Israel)
- Gold Medal of Military Valor (Italy)
- Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa (Malaysia)
- Military Order of William (Netherlands)
- War Cross (Norway)
- Nishan-e-Haider (Pakistan)
- Medal of Valor (Philippines)
- War Order Virtuti Militari (wartime) / Order Krzyża Wojskowego (peacetime) (Poland)
- Order of the Tower and Sword (Portugal)
- Order of Michael the Brave (Romania)
- Hero of the Russian Federation title (Russian Federation)
- Order of the White Eagle with swords (Serbia)
- Order of the Somali Star (Somalia)
- Nkwe ya Gauta (South Africa)
- Laureate Cross of St. Ferdinand (Spain)
- Parama Weera Vibhushanaya (Sri Lanka)
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword (Sweden)
- Order of Rama (Thailand)
- Medal of Honor (Turkey)
- Order of Katonga (Uganda)
- Order of the Gold Star (Ukraine)
- Victoria Cross (United Kingdom
- Australia
- Canada
- New Zealand)
- Medal of Honor (United States)
- Order of Saint Louis (Kingdom of France)
- Military Order of Maria Theresa (Austria-Hungary)
- Medal of Bravery (Kingdom of Hungary)
- Pour le Mérite (Kingdom of Prussia)
- Military Order of Max Joseph (Kingdom of Bavaria)
- Military Order of St. Henry (Kingdom of Saxony)
- Military Merit Order (Kingdom of Württemberg)
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Nazi Germany)
- Order of the Golden Kite (Empire of Japan)
- Order of Lāčplēsis (Latvia)
- Grand Cross of Valour (Rhodesia)
- Laureate Plate of Madrid (Second Spanish Republic)
- Castle of Good Hope Decoration (South Africa)
- Vietnam Military Merit Medal (South Vietnam)
- Hero of the Soviet Union (Soviet Union)
- Hero of Artsakh title (Artsakh)
- Order of the Karađorđe's Star with Swords (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
- Order of Freedom (SFR Yugoslavia)
- Grass Crown (Ancient Rome)
- Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (Afghanistan)