League of Communists of Macedonia

The League of Communists of Macedonia (Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Македонија (СКМ); Sojuz na komunistite na Makedonija, SKM) was the Macedonian branch of the ruling League of Communists of Yugoslavia during the period 1943 – 1990. It was formed on the basis of the Regional Committee of Communists in Macedonia under the name Communist Party of Macedonia (Комунистичка партија на Македонија (КПМ); Komunistička partija na Makedonija, KPM) during the antifascist National Liberation War of Macedonia in World War II. It retained that name until April 1952.

The League of Communists of Macedonia was the ruling political party in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia. After the introduction of political pluralism in 1990, the party renamed itself to League of Communists of Macedonia – Party for Democratic Change (Macedonian: Сојуз на комунистите на Македонија - Партија за демократска преобразба [СКМ-ПДП]; Sojuz na Komunistite na Makedonija – Partija za Demokratska Preobrazba, [SKM-PDP]) and was led by Petar Gošev, taking part in the first democratic elections in the same year. On its 11th Congress on 20 April 1991, the party was reformed, changing its socialist ideology to social democracy (similar to other former communist bloc countries), and refounding itself as the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia. There was a small minority which retained the old name and constituted itself as a distinct political entity. This organization was founded in 1992 under the name League of Communists of Macedonia - Freedom Movement.

History

During World War II, in 1941 and throughout 1942, the resistance against the Axis powers in Macedonia lagged behind than in other parts of Yugoslavia.^[1] The situation began to change by the end of 1942 and after February 1943, when Tito's envoy Svetozar Vukmanović - Tempo arrived in Macedonia as a representative of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia's central committee and Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ). The Supreme Headquarters of AVNOJ realized that securing mass participation of Macedonians would require it to "Macedonianize" the struggle's form and content, giving it a Macedonian facade. The Communist Party of Yugoslavia's plan was to have the party operate only in Vardar Macedonia and include only activists loyal to the Yugoslav agenda.^[2]

The Communist Party of Macedonia (CPM) was created on 19 March 1943 by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in Tetovo in the Italian-occupation zone (present-day North Macedonia), on the basis of the previous Regional Committee of Communists in Macedonia.^[3] The first Central Committee consisted of Kuzman Josifovski Pitu, Bane Andreev, Cvetko Uzunovski, Strahil Gigov, Mara Naceva and Lazar Koliševski. Naceva and Koliševski were absent, as they were imprisoned in Bulgaria at the time. After 1944, the CPM became the main ruling party of the People's Republic of Macedonia. The party's first congress was held in 1948. The CPM was renamed to League of Communists of Macedonia (LCM) in April 1952.^[3] The party was under the control of Macedonians, who dominated the membership. Under the direction of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY), it regulated the new republic's relations with ethnic minorities and the inter-ethnic relations. In mid-1989, during the revolutions, LCM committed itself to introducing a multi-party system in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia.^[4] It renamed itself to League of Communists of Macedonia – Party for Democratic Change.^[5] The party took part in the first multi-party elections next year. In 1991, the party was succeeded by the Social Democratic Union of Macedonia.^[3]

Gallery

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  Part of the delegates at the I Congress of the CPM, held on December 20, 1948, Skopje.
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  Part of the delegates at the II Congress of the CPM, held on May 29, 1954, Skopje.
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  Delegates at the III Congress of the CPM, held on June 22, 1959, Skopje.
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  1963 Skopje earthquake: The building of the Central Committee of the CPM

Party leaders

The official name of the office was changed in May 1982 from Secretary of the Central Committee to President of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Macedonia.

1. Lazar Koliševski (September 1944 – July 1963)
2. Krste Crvenkovski (July 1963 – March 1969)
3. Angel Čemerski (March 1969 – May 1982)
4. Krste Markovski (May 1982 – 5 May 1984)
5. Milan Pančevski (5 May 1984 – June 1986)
6. Jakov Lazaroski (June 1986 – 1989)
7. Petar Gošev (1989 – 20 April 1991)

References

Bibliography

• Bechev, Dimitar (2019). Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia (2nd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781538119624.
• Rossos, Andrew (2013). Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History. Hoover Press. ISBN 9780817948832.
• Daskalov, Roumen; Mishkova, Diana (2013). Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Two: Transfers of Political Ideologies and Institutions. BRILL. ISBN 9789004261914.
• Poulton, Hugh (1995). Who are the Macedonians?. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 9781850652380.
• Cook, Bernard A. (2001). Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780815340584.

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League of Communists of Yugoslavia

Central organisation

Leaders Filip Filipović (1919–1921) Sima Marković (1920–1922) Vacant (1922–1924) Triša Kaclerović (1924–1925) Sima Marković (1926–1927) Đuro Cvijić (1927–1928) Jovan Mališić (1928–1931) Filip Filipović (1931–1932) Vacant (1932–1934) Milan Gorkić (1934–1937) Josip Broz Tito (1937–1980) Stevan Doronjski (1980) Lazar Mojsov (1980–1981) Dušan Dragosavac (1981–1982) Mitja Ribičič (1982–1983) Dragoslav Marković (1983–1984) Ali Šukrija (1984–1985) Vidoje Žarković (1985–1986) Milanko Renovica (1986–1987) Boško Krunić (1987–1988) Stipe Šuvar (1988–1989) Milan Pančevski (1989–1990) Miomir Grbović (May 1990) Miroslav Ivanović (1990–1991) Secretaries Mijalko Todorović (1966–1969) Stane Dolanc (1972–1979) Dušan Dragosavac (1979–1981) Dobroslav Čulafić (1981–1982) Nikola Stojanović (1982–1984) Dimče Belovski (1984–1986) Radiša Gačić (1986–1988) Štefan Korošec (1988–1990) Petar Škundrić (acting, 1990) Central Committee President Secretary Presidency Executive Secretary Control Commission League of Socialist Youth Borba National meetings Elected organs Central Committee Commission on Statutory Questions Supervisory Commission Committee for the Preparation of the Democratic and Programmatic Renewal Congresses 1st: 1919 2nd: 1920 3rd: 1926 4th: 1928 5th: 1948 6th: 1952 7th: 1958 8th: 1964 9th: 1969 10th: 1974 11th: 1978 12th: 1982 13th: 1986 14th: 1990 Conferences 1st: 1922 2nd: 1923 3rd: 1924 4th: 1934 5th: 1940 1st (6th): 1970 2nd (7th): 1972 3rd (8th): 1972 4th (9th): 1973 (10th): 1988 Rules "Statute of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia" "Standing Rules of the Presidency of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia" "Rules of Procedure on the Organisation and Activity of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia" Elected by the Central Committee Presidency 1st: 1919–1920 2nd: 1920–1926 3rd: 1926–1928 4th: 1928–1948 5th: 1948–1952 6th: 1952–1958 7th: 1958–1964 8th: 1964–1969 9th: 1969–1974 (Executive Bureau Presidency) 10th: 1974–1978 (Executive Committee Presidency) 11th: 1978–1982 12th: 1982–1986 13th: 1986–1990 Secretariat 3rd: 1926–1928 4th:1928–1948 5th: 1948–1952 6th: 1952–1958 Control Commission 5th: 1948–1952 6th: 1952–1958 7th: 1958–1964 8th: 1964–1969 Elected by Congress Central Committee 1st: 1919–1920 2nd: 1920–1926 3rd: 1926–1928 4th: 1928–1948 5th: 1948–1952 6th: 1952–1958 7th: 1958–1964 8th: 1964–1969 9th: 1969–1974 10th: 1974–1978 11th: 1978–1982 12th: 1982–1986 13th: 1986–1990 Statutory Commission 9th: 1969–1974 10th: 1974–1978 11th: 1978–1982 12th: 1982–1986 13th: 1986–1990 Supervisory Commission 5th: 1948–1952 6th: 1952–1958 7th: 1958–1964 8th: 1964–1969 9th: 1969–1974 10th: 1974–1978 11th: 1978–1982 12th: 1982–1986 13th: 1986–1990

Bosnian-Herzegovinian branch

Leaders Isa Jovanović (1939–1943) Đuro Pucar (1943–1965) Cvijetin Mijatović (1965–1969) Branko Mikulić (1969–1978) Nikola Stojanović (1978–1982) Hamdija Pozderac (1982–1984) Mato Andrić (1984–1986) Milan Uzelac (1986–1988) Abdulah Mutapčić (1988–1989) Nijaz Duraković (1989–1991) Secretaries Branko Mikulić (1966–1969) Nijaz Dizdarević (Jan.–Apr. 1969) Hamdija Pozderac (1969–1971) Hasan Grabčanović (1971–1974) Nikola Stojanović (1974–1978) Hrvoje Ištuk (1978–1982) Ivan Brigić (1982–1984) Živko Grubor (1984–1986) Šaban Kevrić (1986–1989) Dragan Kragulj (1989–1991) Central Committee President Secretary Presidency Executive Secretary Control Commission League of Socialist Youth Branch meetings Elected organs Central Committee Commission on Statutory Questions Supervisory Commission Congresses 1st: 1948 2nd: 1954 3rd: 1959 4th: 1965 5th: 1969 6th: 1974 7th: 1978 8th: 1982 9th: 1986 10th: 1991 Elected by Congress Supervisory Commission 1st: 1948–1954 2nd: 1954–1959 3rd: 1959–1965 4th: 1965–1969 5th: 1969–1974 6th: 1974–1978 7th: 1978–1982 8th: 1982–1986 9th: 1986–1989 10th: 1989–1991 Statutory Commission 5th: 1969–1974 6th: 1974–1978 7th: 1978–1982 8th: 1982–1986 9th: 1986–1989 10th: 1989–1991 Central Committee 1st: 1948–1954 2nd: 1954–1959 3rd: 1959–1965 4th: 1965–1969 5th: 1969–1974 6th: 1974–1978 7th: 1978–1982 8th: 1982–1986 9th: 1986–1989 10th: 1989–1991

Croatian branch

Leaders Đuro Špoljarić (1937–1939) Rade Končar (1939–1940) Vladimir Popović (1940–1942) Andrija Hebrang (1942–1944) Vladimir Bakarić (1944–1969) Savka Dabčević-Kučar (1969–1971) Milka Planinc (1971–1982) Jure Bilić (1982–1983) Josip Vrhovec (1983–1984) Mika Špiljak (1984–1986) Stanko Stojčević (1986–1989) Ivica Račan (1989–1990) Secretaries Miko Tripalo (1966–1969) Pero Pirker (1969–1971) Josip Vrhovec (1971–1974) Dušan Dragosavac (1974–1978) Milutin Baltic (1978–1982) Marijan Kalanj (1982–1984) Stanko Stojčević (1984–1986) Dragutin Dimitrović (1986–1989) Boris Malada (1989–1990) Central Committee President Secretary Presidency Executive Secretary Control Commission League of Socialist Youth Branch meetings Elected organs Central Committee Commission on Statutory Questions Supervisory Commission Congresses 1st: 1937 2nd: 1948 3rd: 1954 4th: 1959 5th: 1965 6th: 1968 7th: 1974 8th: 1978 9th: 1982 10th: 1986 11th: 1989 12th: 1990 Elected by Congress Supervisory Commission 1st: 1937–1948 2nd: 1948–1954 3rd: 1954–1959 4th: 1959–1965 5th: 1965–1968 6th: 1968–1974 7th: 1974–1978 8th: 1978–1982 9th: 1982–1986 10th: 1986–1989 11th: 1989–1990 Statutory Commission 6th: 1968–1974 7th: 1974–1978 8th: 1978–1982 9th: 1982–1986 10th: 1986–1989 11th: 1989–1990 Central Committee 1st: 1937–1948 2nd: 1948–1954 3rd: 1954–1959 4th: 1959–1965 5th: 1965–1968 6th: 1968–1974 7th: 1974–1978 8th: 1978–1982 9th: 1982–1986 10th: 1986–1989 11th: 1989–1990

Macedonian branch

Leaders Blažo Orlandić (1939–1940) Metodi Shatorov (1940–1941) Lazar Koliševski (Aug.–Nov. 1941) Bane Andrejev (1941–1942) Cvetko Uzunovski (Jun.–Sep. 1942) Kuzman Josifovski Pitu (1942–1943) Lazar Koliševski (1943–1963) Krste Crvenkovski (1963–1969) Angel Čemerski (1969–1982) Krste Markovski (1982–1984) Milan Pančevski (1984–1986) Jakov Lazaroski (1986–1989) Petar Gošev (1989–1991) Secretaries Boško Stankovski (1966–1968) Angel Čemerski (1968–1969) Slavko Milosavlevski (1969–1972) Boro Denkov (1972–1982) Milan Pančevski (1982–1984) Jakov Lazaroski (1984–1986) Mihail Danev (1986–1989) Tito Petkovski (1989–1991) Central Committee President Secretary Presidency Executive Secretary Control Commission League of Socialist Youth Branch meetings Elected organs Central Committee Commission on Statutory Questions Supervisory Commission Congresses 1st: 1948 2nd: 1953 3rd: 1959 4th: 1963 5th: 1968 6th: 1974 7th: 1978 8th: 1982 9th: 1986 10th: 1989 11th: 1991 Elected by Congress Supervisory Commission 1st: 1948–1954 2nd: 1954–1959 3rd: 1959–1965 4th: 1965–1968 5th: 1968–1974 6th: 1974–1978 7th: 1978–1982 8th: 1982–1986 9th: 1986–1989 10th: 1989–1991 Statutory Commission 5th: 1968–1974 6th: 1974–1978 7th: 1978–1982 8th: 1982–1986 9th: 1986–1989 10th: 1989–1991 Central Committee 1st: 1948–1954 2nd: 1954–1959 3rd: 1959–1965 4th: 1965–1968 5th: 1968–1974 6th: 1974–1978 7th: 1978–1982 8th: 1982–1986 9th: 1986–1989 10th: 1989–1991

Montenegrin branch

Leaders Jovan Tomašević (1920–1924) Stanko Dragojević (Feb.–late 1924) Aleksa Pavićević (1924–1925) Nikola Kovačević (1925–1928) Nisa Milanović (1928–1929) Adolf Muk (Jul.–Oct. 1930) Božo Ljumović (1932–1934) Nikola Lekić (1934–1936) Božo Ljumović (1940–1942) Blažo Jovanović (1943–1963) Đorđije Pajković (1963–1968) Veselin Đuranović (1968–1977) Vojislav Srzentić (1977–1982) Dobroslav Ćulafić (1982–1984) Vidoje Žarković (May–Jul. 1984) Marko Orlandić (1984–1986) Miljan Radović (1986–1989) Veselin Vukotić (Jan.–Apr. 1988) Milica Pejanović (April 1989) Momir Bulatović (1989–1991) Secretaries Veselin Đuranović (1966–1968) Dobroslav Ćulafić (1968–1969) Vojislav Srzentić (1969–1974) Miljan Radović (1974–1978) Vuko Vukadinović (1978–1982) Velisav Vuksanović (1982–1986) Savo Šekarić (1986–1989) Milo Đukanović (1989–1991) Central Committee President Secretary Presidency Executive Secretary Control Commission League of Socialist Youth Branch meetings Elected organs Central Committee Commission on Statutory Questions Supervisory Commission Congresses 1st: 1948 2nd: 1954 3rd: 1959 4th: 1965 5th: 1968 6th: 1974 7th: 1978 8th: 1982 9th: 1986 10th: 1989 10th: 1991 Elected by Congress Supervisory Commission 1st: 1948–1954 2nd: 1954–1959 3rd: 1959–1965 4th: 1965–1968 5th: 1968–1974 6th: 1974–1978 7th: 1978–1982 8th: 1982–1986 9th: 1986–1989 10th: 1989–1991 Statutory Commission 5th: 1968–1974 6th: 1974–1978 7th: 1978–1982 8th: 1982–1986 9th: 1986–1989 10th: 1989–1991 Central Committee 1st: 1948–1954 2nd: 1954–1959 3rd: 1959–1965 4th: 1965–1968 5th: 1968–1974 6th: 1974–1978 7th: 1978–1982 8th: 1982–1986 9th: 1986–1989 10th: 1989–1991

Serbian branch

Leaders Blagoje Parović (1933–1934) Trajko Stamenković (1934–1935) Aleksandar Ranković (1937–1941) Blagoje Nešković (1941–1949) Petar Stambolić (1949–1957) Jovan Veselinov (1957–1966) Dobrivoje Radosavljević (1966–1968) Petar Stambolić (Jan.–Nov. 1968) Marko Nikezić (1968–1972) Tihomir Vlaškalić (1972–1982) Dušan Čkrebić (1982–1984) Ivan Stambolić (1984–1986) Slobodan Milošević (1986–1989) Bogdan Trifunović (1989–1990) Secretaries Stevan Doronjski (1966–1968) Latinka Perović (1968–1972) Nikola Petronić (1972–1974) Đorđe Lazić (1974–1976) Ivan Stambolić (1976–1978) Spiro Galović (1978–1982) Radiša Gačić (1982–1986) Zoran Sokolović (1986–1989) Milomir Minić (1989–1991) Central Committee President Secretary Presidency Executive Secretary Control Commission League of Socialist Youth Branch meetings Elected organs Central Committee Commission on Statutory Questions Supervisory Commission Congresses 1st: 1945 2nd: 1949 3rd: 1954 4th: 1959 5th: 1965 6th: 1968 7th: 1974 8th: 1978 9th: 1982 10th: 1986 11th: 1989 12th: 1990 Elected by Congress Supervisory Commission 1st: 1945–1949 2nd: 1949–1954 3rd: 1954–1959 4th: 1959–1965 5th: 1965–1968 6th: 1968–1974 7th: 1974–1978 8th: 1978–1982 9th: 1982–1986 10th: 1986–1989 11th: 1989–1990 Statutory Commission 6th: 1969–1974 7th: 1974–1978 8th: 1978–1982 9th: 1982–1986 10th: 1986–1989 11th: 1989–1990 Central Committee 1st: 1945–1949 2nd: 1949–1954 3rd: 1954–1959 4th: 1959–1965 5th: 1965–1968 6th: 1968–1974 7th: 1974–1978 8th: 1978–1982 9th: 1982–1986 10th: 1986–1989 11th: 1989–1990

Slovenian branch

Leaders Franc Leskošek (1937–1945) Boris Kidrič (1945–1946) Miha Marinko (1946–1966) Albert Jakopič (1966–1968) France Popit (1968–1982) Andrej Marinc (1982–1986) Milan Kučan (1986–1989) Ciril Ribičič (1989–1990) Secretaries France Popit (1966–1968) Andrej Marinc (1968–1972) Franc Šetinc (1972–1982) Miha Ravnik (1982–1986) Miloš Prosenc (1986–1989) Sonja Lokar (1989–1990) Central Committee President Secretary Presidency Executive Secretary Control Commission League of Socialist Youth Branch meetings Elected organs Central Committee Commission on Statutory Questions Supervisory Commission Congresses 1st: 1937 2nd: 1948 3rd: 1954 4th: 1959 5th: 1965 6th: 1968 7th: 1974 8th: 1978 9th: 1982 10th: 1986 11th: 1989 Elected by Congress Supervisory Commission 1st: 1945–1948 2nd: 1948–1954 3rd: 1954–1959 4th: 1959–1965 5th: 1965–1968 6th: 1968–1974 7th: 1974–1978 8th: 1978–1982 9th: 1982–1986 10th: 1986–1989 11th: 1989–1990 Statutory Commission 6th: 1969–1974 7th: 1974–1978 8th: 1978–1982 9th: 1982–1986 10th: 1986–1989 11th: 1989–1990 Central Committee 1st: 1945–1948 2nd: 1948–1954 3rd: 1954–1959 4th: 1959–1965 5th: 1965–1968 6th: 1968–1974 7th: 1974–1978 8th: 1978–1982 9th: 1982–1986 10th: 1986–1989 11th: 1989–1990

Yugoslav People's Army branch

Leaders Džemil Šarac (1971–1978) Dane Ćuić (1978–1984) Georgije Jovičić (1984–1988) Petar Šimić (1988–1990) Božidar Grubišić (May–Dec. 1990) Secretaries Milan Krdžić (1975–1978) Georgije Jovičić (1978–1982) Slavko Maričević (1982–1984) Simeon Bunčić (1984–1988) Nebojša Tica (1988–1990) Committee President & Secretary Presidency Executive Secretary Control Commission Branch meetings Elected organs Central Committee Commission on Statutory Questions Supervisory Commission Conferences 1st: 1969 2nd: 1970 3rd: 1971 4th: 1972 5th: 1977 6th: 1980 7th: 1982 8th: 1986 9th: 1989 10th: 1990

Provincial committees with representation in the LCY's leading bodies

Kosovo Leaders Miladin Popović (Jul.–Dec. 1937) Petar Radović (1937–1938) Miladin Popović (1939–1941) Boro Vukmirović (1941–1943) Pavle Jovićević (1943–1944) Miladin Popović (1944–1945) Đorđije Pajković (1945–1956) Dušan Mugoša (Feb.–Jun. 1956) Veli Deva (1956–1971) Mahmut Bakalli (1971–1981) Veli Deva (1981–1982) Sinan Hasani (1982–1983) Ilijaz Kurteši (1983–1984) Svetislav Dolašević (1984–1985) Kolj Široka (1985–1986) Azem Vllasi (1986–1988) Kaqusha Jashari (Apr.–Nov. 1988) Remzi Kolgeci (1988–1989) Rahman Morina (1989–1990) Secretaries ? (1966–1969) Mihajlo Zvicer (1969–1972) Dušan Ristić (1972–1978) Petar Kostić (1978–1982) Mitar Samardžić (1982–1984) Bajram Seljami (1984–1986) Vojislav Zajić (1986–1988) ? (1988–1989) Ljubomir Popović (1989–1990) Provincial Committee President Secretary Presidency Executive Secretary Control Commission Branch meetings Elected organs Central Committee Commission on Statutory Questions Supervisory Commission Conferences 1st: 1937 2nd: 1939 3rd: 1945 4th: 1948 5th: 1951 6th: 1953 7th: 1956 8th: 1959 9th: 1965 10th: 1968 11th: 1974 12th: 1978 13th: 1982 14th: 1986 15th: 1989 16th: 1990 Vojvodina Leaders Jovan Veselinov (1936) Lazar Milankov (1936) Žarko Zrenjanin (1938–1942) Jovan Veselinov (1943–1946) Dobrivoje Vidić (1946–1951) Stevan Doronjski (1951–1966) Mirko Tepavac (1966–1969) Mirko Čanadanović (1969–1972) Dušan Alimpić (1972–1981) Boško Krunić (1981–1982) Marko Đuričin (1982–1983) Slavko Veselinov (1983–1984) Boško Krunić (1984–1985) Đorđe Stojšić (1985–1988) Milovan Šogorov (Apr.–Oct. 1988) Boško Kovačević (1988–1989) Nedeljko Šipovac (1989–1990) Secretaries Mirko Čanadanović (1966–1969) Miloš Radojčin (1969–1972) Jon Srbovan (1972–1974) Nándor Major (1974–1978) Boško Krunić (1978–1982) Sreta Stajić (1982–1984) Katalin Hajnal (1984–1986) Milovan Šogorov (1986–1988) Janko Drča (Apr.–Oct. 1988) Miodrag Koprivica (1988–1989) Emilija Bruner-Bala (1989–1990) Provincial Committee President Secretary Presidency Executive Secretary Control Commission Branch meetings Elected organs Provincial Committee Commission on Statutory Questions Supervisory Commission Conferences 1st: ? 2nd: ? 3rd: ? 4th: 1935 5th: 1938 6th: 1940 7th: 1945 8th: 1948 9th: 1951 10th: 1953 11th: 1956 12th: 1960 13th: 1965 14th: 1968 15th: 1974 16th: 1978 17th: 1982 18th: 1986 19th: 1989 20th: 1990

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