List of Malpighiales of South Africa

Flowering plants in the order Malpighiales recorded from South Africa

The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than 16,000 species, about 7.8% of the eudicots.[1][2] The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsettia, manchineel, rafflesia and coca plant, and are hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.[3]

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[4]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[5] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[6]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[7]

20 families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Achariaceae

Family: Achariaceae,[7]

Acharia

Genus Acharia:[7]

Ceratiosicyos

Genus Ceratiosicyos:[7]

  • Ceratiosicyos laevis (Thunb.) A.Meeuse, indigenous

Guthriea

Genus Guthriea:[7]

Kiggelaria

Genus Kiggelaria:[7]

Rawsonia

Genus Rawsonia:[7]

Xylotheca

Genus Xylotheca:[7]

Chrysobalanaceae

Family: Chrysobalanaceae,[7]

Parinari

Genus Parinari:[7]

Clusiaceae

Family: Clusiaceae,[7]

Clusia

Genus Clusia:[7]

  • Clusia rosea Jacq. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive

Garcinia

Genus Garcinia:[7]

Dichapetalaceae

Family: Dichapetalaceae,[7]

Dichapetalum

Genus Dichapetalum:[7]

Tapura

Genus Tapura:[7]

Elatinaceae

Family: Elatinaceae,[7]

Bergia

Genus Bergia:[7]

  • Bergia anagalloides E.Mey. ex Fenzl, indigenous
  • Bergia capensis L. indigenous
  • Bergia decumbens Planch. ex Harv. indigenous
  • Bergia glomerata L.f. endemic
  • Bergia pentheriana Keissl. indigenous
  • Bergia polyantha Sond. indigenous
  • Bergia salaria Bremek. indigenous

Elatine

Genus Elatine:[7]

Erythroxylaceae

Family: Erythroxylaceae,[7]

Erythroxylum

Genus Erythroxylum:[7]

  • Erythroxylum delagoense Schinz, indigenous
  • Erythroxylum emarginatum Thonn. indigenous
  • Erythroxylum pictum E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic

Nectaropetalum

Genus Nectaropetalum:[7]

  • Nectaropetalum capense (Bolus) Stapf & Boodle, endemic
  • Nectaropetalum zuluense (Schonland) Corbishley, endemic

Euphorbiaceae

Family: Euphorbiaceae,[7] 47 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.

Hypericaceae

Family: Hypericaceae,[7]

Hypericum

Genus Hypericum:[7]

  • Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. indigenous
    • Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. aethiopicum, indigenous
    • Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. sonderi (Bredell) N.Robson, indigenous
  • Hypericum androsaemum L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Hypericum canariense L. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
  • Hypericum forrestii (Chitt.) N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Hypericum lalandii Choisy, indigenous
  • Hypericum natalense J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans, indigenous
  • Hypericum perforatum L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Hypericum pseudohenryi N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Hypericum revolutum Vahl, indigenous
    • Hypericum revolutum Vahl subsp. revolutum, indigenous
  • Hypericum roeperianum G.W.Schimp. ex A.Rich. indigenous
    • Hypericum roeperianum G.W.Schimp. ex A.Rich. var. roeperianum, indigenous
  • Hypericum wilmsii R.Keller, indigenous

Linaceae

Family: Linaceae,[7]

Hugonia

Genus Hugonia:[7]

  • Hugonia orientalis Engl. indigenous

Linum

Genus Linum:[7]

  • Linum acuticarpum C.M.Rogers, endemic
  • Linum adustum E.Mey. ex Planch. endemic
  • Linum aethiopicum Thunb. endemic
  • Linum africanum L. endemic
  • Linum brevistylum C.M.Rogers, endemic
  • Linum comptonii C.M.Rogers, endemic
  • Linum esterhuyseniae C.M.Rogers, endemic
  • Linum gracile Planch. endemic
  • Linum heterostylum C.M.Rogers, endemic
  • Linum pungens Planch. endemic
  • Linum quadrifolium L. endemic
  • Linum thesioides Bartl. endemic
  • Linum thunbergii Eckl. & Zeyh. indigenous
  • Linum usitatissimum L. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
  • Linum villosum C.M.Rogers, endemic

Malpighiaceae

Family: Malpighiaceae,[7]

Acridocarpus

Genus Acridocarpus:[7]

  • Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. indigenous
    • Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. var. linearifolius Launert, indigenous
    • Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. var. natalitius, indigenous

Sphedamnocarpus

Genus Sphedamnocarpus:[7]

  • Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. indigenous
    • Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.B, indigenous
    • Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. pruriens, indigenous
  • Sphedamnocarpus transvalicus (Kuntze) Burtt Davy, accepted as Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.B, present

Triaspis

Genus Triaspis:[7]

  • Triaspis glaucophylla Engl. endemic
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. indigenous
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. canescens (Engl.) Immelman, indigenous
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. hypericoides, indigenous
    • Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. nelsonii (Oliv.) Immelman, indigenous

Ochnaceae

Family: Ochnaceae,[7]

Brackenridgea

Genus Brackenridgea:[7]

Ochna

Genus Ochna:[7]

  • Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. indigenous
    • Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. var. arborea, indigenous
    • Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. var. oconnorii (E.Phillips) Du Toit, indigenous
  • Ochna barbosae N.Robson, indigenous
  • Ochna confusa Burtt Davy & Greenway, indigenous
  • Ochna gamostigmata du Toit, indigenous
  • Ochna glauca I.Verd. indigenous
  • Ochna holstii Engl. indigenous
  • Ochna inermis (Forssk.) Schweinf. indigenous
  • Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. indigenous
  • Ochna pretoriensis E.Phillips, indigenous
  • Ochna pulchra Hook.f. indigenous
  • Ochna serrulata (Hochst.) Walp. indigenous

Passifloraceae

Family: Passifloraceae,[7]

Adenia

Genus Adenia:[7]

  • Adenia digitata (Harv.) Engl. indigenous
  • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy, indigenous
    • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. fruticosa, endemic
    • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. simplicifolia W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
    • Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. trifoliata W.J.de Wilde, endemic
  • Adenia glauca Schinz, indigenous
  • Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms, indigenous
  • Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms var. gummifera, indigenous
  • Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz, indigenous
    • Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. glandulifera W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
    • Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. hastata, indigenous
  • Adenia natalensis W.J.de Wilde, endemic
  • Adenia repanda (Burch.) Engl. indigenous
  • Adenia spinosa Burtt Davy, indigenous
  • Adenia wilmsii Harms, endemic

Basananthe

Genus Basananthe:[7]

  • Basananthe pedata (Baker f.) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
  • Basananthe polygaloides (Hutch. & K.Pearce) W.J.de Wilde, endemic
  • Basananthe sandersonii (Harv.) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
  • Basananthe triloba (Bolus) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous

Paropsia

Genus Paropsia:[7]

  • Paropsia braunii Gilg, indigenous

Passiflora

Genus Passiflora:[7]

Schlechterina

Genus Schlechterina:[7]

Phyllanthaceae

Family: Phyllanthaceae,[7]

Andrachne

Genus Andrachne:[7]

Antidesma

Genus Antidesma:[7]

Bridelia

Genus Bridelia:[7]

  • Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. indigenous
    • Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. subsp. cathartica, indigenous
    • Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. var. melanthesoides forma melanthesoides, indigenous
  • Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. indigenous
  • Bridelia mollis Hutch. indigenous

Cleistanthus

Genus Cleistanthus:[7]

Flueggea

Genus Flueggea:[7]

  • Flueggea verrucosa (Thunb.) G.L.Webster, endemic
  • Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt, indigenous
    • Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt subsp. virosa, indigenous

Heywoodia

Genus Heywoodia:[7]

Hymenocardia

Genus Hymenocardia:[7]

  • Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. indigenous
    • Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. var. capensis Pax, accepted as Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. indigenous

Lachnostylis

Genus Lachnostylis:[7]

  • Lachnostylis bilocularis R.A.Dyer, endemic
  • Lachnostylis hanekomii R.H.Archer & J.C.Manning, endemic
  • Lachnostylis hirta (L.f.) Mull.Arg. endemic

Margaritaria

Genus Margaritaria:[7]

  • Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster, indigenous
    • Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. fagifolia (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
    • Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. nitida (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous

Phyllanthus

Genus Phyllanthus:[7]

  • Phyllanthus asperulatus Hutch. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus burchellii Mull.Arg. accepted as Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. present
  • Phyllanthus cedrelifolius I.Verd. accepted as Phyllanthus polyanthus Pax, present
  • Phyllanthus delagoensis Hutch. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Phyllanthus genistoides Sond. accepted as Phyllanthus incurvus Thunb. present
  • Phyllanthus glaucophyllus Sond. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus graminicola Hutch. ex S.Moore, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus heterophyllus E.Mey. ex Mull.Arg. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus incurvus Thunb. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus loandensis Welw. ex Mull.Arg. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus macranthus Pax, indigenous
    • Phyllanthus macranthus Pax var. macranthus, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus meyerianus Mull.Arg. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus myrtaceus Sond. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. indigenous
    • Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. var. nummulariifolius, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus omahakensis Dinter & Pax, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. indigenous
    • Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
    • Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. parvulus, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus pentandrus Schumach. & Thonn. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus pinnatus (Wight) G.L.Webster, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus polyanthus Pax, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus polyspermus Schumach. indigenous
  • Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. indigenous
    • Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. var. reticulatus, indigenous
  • Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Mull.Arg. accepted as Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. present

Pseudolachnostylis

Genus Pseudolachnostylis:[7]

  • Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax, indigenous
    • Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax var. dekindtii (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
    • Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax var. glabra (Pax) Brenan, indigenous

Picrodendraceae

Family: Picrodendraceae,[7]

Androstachys

Genus Androstachys:[7]

Hyaenanche

Genus Hyaenanche:[7]

Podostemaceae

Family: Podostemaceae,[7]

Leiothylax

Genus Leiothylax:[7]

Sphaerothylax

Genus Sphaerothylax:[7]

  • Sphaerothylax algiformis Bisch. ex C.Krauss, indigenous

Tristicha

Genus Tristicha:[7]

  • Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. indigenous
  • Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. subsp. trifaria, indigenous

Putranjivaceae

Family: Putranjivaceae,[7]

Drypetes

Genus Drypetes:[7]

  • Drypetes arguta (Mull.Arg.) Hutch. indigenous
  • Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. indigenous
    • Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. gerrardii, indigenous
    • Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. tomentosa Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
  • Drypetes mossambicensis Hutch. indigenous
  • Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. indigenous
    • Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. var. natalensis, indigenous
  • Drypetes reticulata Pax, indigenous

Rhizophoraceae

Family: Rhizophoraceae,[7]

Bruguiera

Genus Bruguiera:[7]

Cassipourea

Genus Cassipourea:[7]

Ceriops

Genus Ceriops:[7]

Rhizophora

Genus Rhizophora:[7]

Salicaceae

Family: Salicaceae,[7]

Casearia

Genus Casearia:[7]

Dovyalis

Genus Dovyalis:[7]

  • Dovyalis caffra (Hook.f. & Harv.) Warb. indigenous
  • Dovyalis longispina (Harv.) Warb. indigenous
  • Dovyalis lucida Sim, indigenous
  • Dovyalis revoluta J.E.Thom, accepted as Dovyalis zeyheri (Sond.) Warb. present
  • Dovyalis rhamnoides (Burch. ex DC.) Burch. & Harv. indigenous
  • Dovyalis rotundifolia (Thunb.) Thunb. & Harv. endemic
  • Dovyalis zeyheri (Sond.) Warb. indigenous

Flacourtia

Genus Flacourtia:[7]

Homalium

Genus Homalium:[7]

  • Homalium dentatum (Harv.) Warb. indigenous
  • Homalium rufescens Benth. endemic
  • Homalium subsuperum Sprague, accepted as Homalium dentatum (Harv.) Warb. present

Oncoba

Genus Oncoba:[7]

  • Oncoba spinosa Forssk. indigenous
    • Oncoba spinosa Forssk. subsp. spinosa, indigenous

Populus

Genus Populus:[7]

  • Populus alba L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
    • Populus alba L. var. alba, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Populus canescens (Aiton) Sm. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall subsp. deltoides, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Populus nigra L. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Populus nigra L. var. italica Munchh. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Pseudoscolopia

Genus Pseudoscolopia:[7]

Salix

Genus Salix:[7]

  • Salix babylonica L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
    • Salix babylonica L. var. babylonica, not indigenous, naturalised
  • Salix caprea L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
  • Salix mucronata Thunb. indigenous
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Immelman, accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata, present
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. hirsuta (Thunb.) Immelman, endemic
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata, indigenous
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. wilmsii (Seemen) Immelman, accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman, present
    • Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman, indigenous
  • Salix subserrata Willd. accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. subserrata (Willd.) R.H.Archer & Jordaan
  • Salix x fragilis L. var. fragilis, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive

Scolopia

Genus Scolopia:[7]

  • Scolopia flanaganii (Bolus) Sim, endemic
  • Scolopia mundii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Warb. indigenous
  • Scolopia oreophila (Sleumer) Killick, endemic
  • Scolopia stolzii Gilg & Sleumer, indigenous
    • Scolopia stolzii Gilg & Sleumer var. stolzii, indigenous
  • Scolopia zeyheri (Nees) Harv. indigenous

Trimeria

Genus Trimeria:[7]

  • Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. indigenous
    • Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. subsp. grandifolia, indigenous
  • Trimeria trinervis Harv. endemic

Turneraceae

Family: Turneraceae,[7]

Afroqueta

Genus Afroqueta:[7]

Piriqueta

Genus Piriqueta:[7]

  • Piriqueta capensis (Harv.) Urb. accepted as Afroqueta capensis (Harv.) Thulin & Razafim. indigenous

Streptopetalum

Genus Streptopetalum:[7]

  • Streptopetalum serratum Hochst. indigenous

Tricliceras

Genus Tricliceras:[7]

  • Tricliceras glanduliferum (Klotzsch) R.Fern. indigenous
  • Tricliceras laceratum (Oberm.) Oberm. indigenous
  • Tricliceras longepedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. indigenous
    • Tricliceras longepedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. var. longepedunculatum, indigenous
  • Tricliceras mossambicense (A.Fern. & R.Fern.) R.Fern. indigenous
  • Tricliceras schinzii (Urb.) R.Fern. indigenous
    • Tricliceras schinzii (Urb.) R.Fern. subsp. schinzii var. juttae, indigenous
  • Tricliceras tanacetifolium (Klotzsch) R.Fern. indigenous

Violaceae

Family: Violaceae,[7]

Hybanthus

Genus Hybanthus:[7]

  • Hybanthus capensis (Thunb.) Engl. indigenous
  • Hybanthus densifolius Engl. indigenous
  • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. not indigenous, naturalised
    • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. caffer (Sond.) N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised
    • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. enneaspermus, not indigenous, naturalised
    • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. serratus Engl. not indigenous, naturalised
  • Hybanthus parviflorus (L.f.) Baill. not indigenous, naturalised

Rinorea

Genus Rinorea:[7]

  • Rinorea angustifolia (Thouars) Baill. indigenous
    • Rinorea angustifolia (Thouars) Baill. subsp. natalensis (Engl.) Grey-Wilson, indigenous
  • Rinorea domatiosa A.E.van Wyk, endemic
  • Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze, indigenous
    • Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze subsp. ilicifolia, indigenous
    • Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze subsp. ilicifolia var. ilicifolia, indigenous

Viola

Genus Viola:[7]

References

  1. ^ Endress, Peter K.; Davis, Charles C.; Matthews, Merran L. (May 2013). "Advances in the floral structural characterization of the major subclades of Malpighiales, one of the largest orders of flowering plants". Annals of Botany. 111 (5): 969–985. doi:10.1093/aob/mct056. PMC 3631340.
  2. ^ Stevens, P.F. (2020) [2001]. "Malpighiales". AP Web v. 14. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  3. ^ Magallón, Susana; Castillo, Amanda (2009). "Angiosperm diversification through time". American Journal of Botany. 96 (1): 349–365. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800060. PMID 21628193.
  4. ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
  5. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  6. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
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  • Malelane Mountain Bushveld
  • Mamabolo Mountain Bushveld
  • Marikana Thornveld
  • Molopo Bushveld
  • Moot Plains Bushveld
  • Mopane Basalt Shrubland
  • Mopane Gabbro Shrubland
  • Musina Mopane Bushveld
  • Ngongoni Veld
  • Norite Koppies Bushveld
  • Northern Lebombo Bushveld
  • Northern Zululand Sourveld
  • Nossob Bushveld
  • Nwambyia-Pumbe Sandy Bushveld
  • Ohrigstad Mountain Bushveld
  • Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld
  • Phalaborwa-Timbavati Mopaneveld
  • Pilanesberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Polokwane Plateau Bushveld
  • Postmasburg Thornveld
  • Poung Dolomite Mountain Bushveld
  • Pretoriuskop Sour Bushveld
  • Roodeberg Bushveld
  • Schmidtsdrif Thornveld
  • Schweizer-Reneke Bushveld
  • Sekhukhune Mountain Bushveld
  • Sekhukhune Plains Bushveld
  • South Eastern Coastal Thornveld
  • Southern Lebombo Bushveld
  • Soutpansberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Springbokvlakte Thornveld
  • Stella Bushveld
  • Swaziland Sour Bushveld
  • Tembe Sandy Bushveld
  • Thukela Thornveld
  • Thukela Valley Bushveld
  • Tsende Mopaneveld
  • Tshokwane-Hlane Basalt Lowveld
  • Tzaneen Sour Bushveld
  • Vaalbos Rocky Shrubland
  • VhaVenda Miombo
  • Waterberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Western Maputaland Clay Bushveld
  • Western Maputaland Sandy Bushveld
  • Western Sandy Bushveld
  • Zeerust Thornveld
  • Zululand Coastal Thornveld
  • Zululand Lowveld
Grassland
  • Aliwal North Dry Grassland
  • Amathole Mistbelt Grassland
  • Amathole Montane Grassland
  • Amersfoort Highveld Clay Grassland
  • Barberton Montane Grassland
  • Basotho Montane Shrubland
  • Bedford Dry Grassland
  • Besemkaree Koppies Shrubland
  • Bloemfontein Dry Grassland
  • Bloemfontein Karroid Shrubland
  • Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
  • Central Free State Grassland
  • Drakensberg Afroalpine Heathland
  • Drakensberg Foothill Moist Grassland
  • Drakensberg-Amathole Afromontane Fynbos
  • East Griqualand Grassland
  • Eastern Free State Clay Grassland
  • Eastern Free State Sandy Grassland
  • Eastern Highveld Grassland
  • Egoli Granite Grassland
  • Frankfort Highveld Grassland
  • Income Sandy Grassland
  • Ithala Quartzite Sourveld
  • KaNgwane Montane Grassland
  • Karoo Escarpment Grassland
  • Klerksdorp Thornveld
  • KwaZulu-Natal Highland Thornveld
  • Leolo Summit Sourveld
  • Lesotho Highland Basalt Grassland
  • Low Escarpment Moist Grassland
  • Lydenburg Montane Grassland
  • Lydenburg Thornveld
  • Mabela Sandy Grassland
  • Midlands Mistbelt Grassland
  • Mooi River Highland Grassland
  • Mthatha Moist Grassland
  • Northern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
  • Northern Escarpment Afromontane Fynbos
  • Northern Escarpment Dolomite Grassland
  • Northern Escarpment Quartzite Sourveld
  • Northern Free State Shrubland
  • Northern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
  • Northern KwaZulu-Natal Shrubland
  • Northern Zululand Mistbelt Grassland
  • Paulpietersburg Moist Grassland
  • Queenstown Thornveld
  • Rand Highveld Grassland
  • Sekhukhune Montane Grassland
  • Senqu Montane Shrubland
  • Southern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
  • Southern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
  • Soutpansberg Summit Sourveld
  • Soweto Highveld Grassland
  • Steenkampsberg Montane Grassland
  • Stormberg Plateau Grassland
  • Strydpoort Summit Sourveld
  • Tarkastad Montane Shrubland
  • Tsakane Clay Grassland
  • Tsomo Grassland
  • uKhahlamba Basalt Grassland
  • Vaal Reefs Dolomite Sinkhole Woodland
  • Vaal-Vet Sandy Grassland
  • Vredefort Dome Granite Grassland
  • Wakkerstroom Montane Grassland
  • Waterberg-Magaliesberg Summit Sourveld
  • Western Free State Clay Grassland
  • Western Highveld Sandy Grassland
  • Western Lesotho Basalt Shrubland
  • Winburg Grassy Shrubland
  • Wolkberg Dolomite Grassland
  • Woodbush Granite Grassland
  • Xhariep Karroid Grassland
  • Zastron Moist Grassland
Fynbos
  • Agulhas Limestone Fynbos
  • Agulhas Sand Fynbos
  • Albertinia Sand Fynbos
  • Algoa Sandstone Fynbos
  • Atlantis Sand Fynbos
  • Bokkeveld Sandstone Fynbos
  • Boland Granite Fynbos
  • Breede Alluvium Fynbos
  • Breede Quartzite Fynbos
  • Breede Sand Fynbos
  • Breede Shale Fynbos
  • Canca Limestone Fynbos
  • Cape Flats Sand Fynbos
  • Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos
  • Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Central Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Central Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • De Hoop Limestone Fynbos
  • Eastern Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Eastern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • Elgin Shale Fynbos
  • Elim Ferricrete Fynbos
  • Garden Route Granite Fynbos
  • Garden Route Shale Fynbos
  • Graafwater Sandstone Fynbos
  • Greyton Shale Fynbos
  • Grootrivier Quartzite Fynbos
  • Hangklip Sand Fynbos
  • Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos
  • Hopefield Sand Fynbos
  • Kamiesberg Granite Fynbos
  • Kango Conglomerate Fynbos
  • Knysna Sand Fynbos
  • Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Kouebokkeveld Alluvium Fynbos
  • Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos
  • Kouga Grassy Sandstone Fynbos
  • Kouga Sandstone Fynbos
  • Leipoldtville Sand Fynbos
  • Loerie Conglomerate Fynbos
  • Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos
  • Matjiesfontein Quartzite Fynbos
  • Matjiesfontein Shale Fynbos
  • Montagu Shale Fynbos
  • Namaqualand Sand Fynbos
  • North Hex Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Northern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • Olifants Sandstone Fynbos
  • Overberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Peninsula Granite Fynbos
  • Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos
  • Piketberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Potberg Ferricrete Fynbos
  • Potberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Robertson Granite Fynbos
  • South Hex Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Southern Cape Dune Fynbos
  • Stinkfonteinberge Quartzite Fynbos
  • Suurberg Quartzite Fynbos
  • Suurberg Shale Fynbos
  • Swartberg Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
  • Swartberg Shale Fynbos
  • Swartland Alluvium Fynbos
  • Swartruggens Quartzite Fynbos
  • Swellendam Silcrete Fynbos
  • Tsitsikamma Sandstone Fynbos
  • Western Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
  • Western Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos
Renosterveld
  • Baviaanskloof Shale Renosterveld
  • Breede Alluvium Renosterveld
  • Breede Shale Renosterveld
  • Central Mountain Shale Renosterveld
  • Central Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
  • Ceres Shale Renosterveld
  • Eastern Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
  • Hantam Plateau Dolerite Renosterveld
  • Humansdorp Shale Renosterveld
  • Kango Limestone Renosterveld
  • Langkloof Shale Renosterveld
  • Matjiesfontein Shale Renosterveld
  • Montagu Shale Renosterveld
  • Mossel Bay Shale Renosterveld
  • Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld
  • Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld
  • Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld
  • Peninsula Shale Renosterveld
  • Robertson Granite Renosterveld
  • Roggeveld Shale Renosterveld
  • Ruêns Silcrete Renosterveld
  • Swartberg Shale Renosterveld
  • Swartland Alluvium Renosterveld
  • Swartland Granite Renosterveld
  • Swartland Shale Renosterveld
  • Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld
  • Uniondale Shale Renosterveld
  • Vanrhynsdorp Shale Renosterveld
  • Western Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
Succulent
Karoo
  • Aggeneys Gravel Vygieveld
  • Agter-Sederberg Shrubland
  • Anenous Plateau Shrubland
  • Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland
  • Central Knersvlakte Vygieveld
  • Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland
  • Citrusdal Vygieveld
  • Die Plate Succulent Shrubland
  • Doringrivier Quartzite Karoo
  • Eastern Little Karoo
  • Eenriet Plains Succulent Shrubland
  • Goariep Mountain Succulent Shrubland
  • Hantam Karoo
  • Kamiesberg Mountains Shrubland
  • Klawer Sandy Shrubland
  • Knersvlakte Dolomite Vygieveld
  • Knersvlakte Quartz Vygieveld
  • Knersvlakte Shale Vygieveld
  • Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo
  • Kosiesberg Succulent Shrubland
  • Lekkersing Succulent Shrubland
  • Little Karoo Quartz Vygieveld
  • Namaqualand Arid Grassland
  • Namaqualand Blomveld
  • Namaqualand Coastal Duneveld
  • Namaqualand Heuweltjie Strandveld
  • Namaqualand Heuweltjieveld
  • Namaqualand Inland Duneveld
  • Namaqualand Klipkoppe Shrubland
  • Namaqualand Shale Shrubland
  • Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland
  • Namaqualand Strandveld
  • Northern Knersvlakte Vygieveld
  • Northern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
  • Northern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
  • Oograbies Plains Sandy Grassland
  • Piketberg Quartz Succulent Shrubland
  • Platbakkies Succulent Shrubland
  • Prince Albert Succulent Karoo
  • Richtersveld Coastal Duneveld
  • Richtersveld Red Duneveld
  • Richtersveld Sandy Coastal Scorpionstailveld
  • Riethuis-Wallekraal Quartz Vygieveld
  • Robertson Karoo
  • Roggeveld Karoo
  • Rooiberg Quartz Vygieveld
  • Rosyntjieberg Succulent Shrubland
  • Southern Namaqualand Quartzite Klipkoppe Shrubland
  • Southern Richtersveld Inselberg Shrubland
  • Southern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
  • Southern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
  • Steytlerville Karoo
  • Stinkfonteinberge Eastern Apron Shrubland
  • Swartruggens Quartzite Karoo
  • Tanqua Escarpment Shrubland
  • Tanqua Karoo
  • Tatasberg Mountain Succulent Shrubland
  • Umdaus Mountains Succulent Shrubland
  • Upper Annisvlakte Succulent Shrubland
  • Vanrhynsdorp Gannabosveld
  • Vyftienmyl se Berge Succulent Shrubland
  • Western Bushmanland Klipveld
  • Western Gwarrieveld
  • Western Little Karoo
  • Willowmore Gwarrieveld
Albany
Thicket
and
Strandveld
  • Albany Arid Thicket
  • Albany Bontveld
  • Albany Mesic Thicket
  • Albany Valley Thicket
  • Baviaans Valley Thicket
  • Bethelsdorp Bontveld
  • Blombos Strandveld
  • Buffels Mesic Thicket
  • Buffels Valley Thicket
  • Cape Flats Dune Strandveld
  • Crossroads Grassland Thicket
  • Doubledrift Karroid Thicket
  • Eastern Gwarrieveld
  • Elands Forest Thicket
  • Escarpment Arid Thicket
  • Escarpment Mesic Thicket
  • Escarpment Valley Thicket
  • Fish Arid Thicket
  • Fish Mesic Thicket
  • Fish Valley Thicket
  • Gamka Arid Thicket
  • Gamka Valley Thicket
  • Geluk Grassland Thicket
  • Goukamma Dune Thicket
  • Gouritz Valley Thicket
  • Grahamstown Grassland Thicket
  • Grassridge Bontveld
  • Groot Brak Dune Strandveld
  • Hamburg Dune Thicket
  • Hartenbos Dune Thicket
  • Kasouga Dune Thicket
  • Koedoeskloof Karroid Thicket
  • Lambert's Bay Strandveld
  • Langebaan Dune Strandveld
  • Mons Ruber Fynbos Thicket
  • Motherwell Karroid Thicket
  • Nanaga Savanna Thicket
  • Oudshoorn Karroid Thicket
  • Overberg Dune Strandveld
  • Saldanha Flats Strandveld
  • Saldanha Granite Strandveld
  • Saldanha Limestone Strandveld
  • Saltaire Karroid Thicket
  • Sardinia Forest Thicket
  • St Francis Dune Thicket
  • Subtropical Dune Thicket
  • Sundays Arid Thicket
  • Sundays Mesic Thicket
  • Sundays Valley Thicket
  • Thorndale Forest Thicket
  • Umtiza Forest Thicket
  • Vanstadens Forest Thicket
  • Western Gwarrieveld
  • Willowmore Gwarrieveld
Nama
Karoo
and
desert
  • Albany Broken Veld
  • Blouputs Karroid Thornveld
  • Bushmanland Arid Grassland
  • Bushmanland Basin Shrubland
  • Bushmanland Sandy Grassland
  • Eastern Lower Karoo
  • Eastern Upper Karoo
  • Gamka Karoo
  • Kalahari Karroid Shrubland
  • Lower Gariep Broken Veld
  • Lower Karoo Gwarrieveld
  • Northern Upper Karoo
  • Upper Karoo Hardeveld
  • Western Upper Karoo
  • Alexander Bay Coastal Duneveld
  • Eastern Gariep Plains Desert
  • Eastern Gariep Rocky Desert
  • Helskloof Canyon Desert
  • Kahams Mountain Desert
  • Kwaggarug Mountain Desert
  • Namib Lichen Fields
  • Noms Mountain Desert
  • Northern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
  • Richtersberg Mountain Desert
  • Richtersveld Sheet Wash Desert
  • Southern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
  • Western Gariep Hills Desert
  • Western Gariep Lowland Desert
  • Western Gariep Plains Desert
Azonal
  • Albany Alluvial Vegetation
  • Albany Dune Strandveld
  • Algoa Dune Strandveld
  • Arid Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Bushmanland Vloere
  • Cape Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Cape Inland Salt Pans
  • Cape Lowland Alluvial Vegetation
  • Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetlands
  • Cape Seashore Vegetation
  • Cape Vernal Pools
  • Drakensberg Wetlands
  • Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands
  • Fynbos Riparian Vegetation
  • Highveld Alluvial Vegetation
  • Highveld Salt Pans
  • Lesotho Mires
  • Lower Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
  • Muscadel Riviere
  • Namaqualand Riviere
  • Namaqualand Salt Pans
  • Namaqualand Seashore Vegetation
  • Namib Seashore Vegetation
  • Southern Kalahari Mekgacha
  • Southern Kalahari Salt Pans
  • Southern Karoo Riviere
  • Subantarctic Kelp Bed Vegetation
  • Subtropical Alluvial Vegetation
  • Subtropical Dune Thicket
  • Subtropical Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands
  • Subtropical Salt Pans
  • Subtropical Seashore Vegetation
  • Tanqua Wash Riviere
  • Upper Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
Forest
and
Coastal
belt
  • KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Belt
  • Maputaland Coastal Belt
  • Maputaland Wooded Grassland
  • Pondoland-Natal Sandstone Coastal Sourveld
  • Transkei Coastal Belt
  • Ironwood Dry Forest
  • Lowveld Riverine Forest
  • Mangrove Forest
  • Northern Afrotemperate Forest
  • Northern Coastal Forest
  • Northern Mistbelt Forest
  • Sand Forest
  • Scarp Forest
  • Southern Afrotemperate Forest
  • Southern Coastal Forest
  • Southern Mistbelt Forest
  • Swamp Forest
Subantarctic
biome
  • Subantarctic Biotic Herbfield and Grassland
  • Subantarctic Cinder Cone Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Coastal Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Drainage Line Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Fellfield
  • Subantarctic Fernbrake Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Mire
  • Subantarctic Polar Desert
not on
VEGMAP
South
African
National
Parks
Biosphere
reserves
Marine
protected
areas of
South
Africa
Coastal
Offshore
Management
organisations
Biodiversity research in SA
Research
organisations
Research
projects
Citizen science
databases
Botanical
gardens
Taxonomists
Regional biodiversity
Legislation
Publications
  • List of field guides to South African biota
  • Categories: Biodiversity of South Africa
  • Index