List of Russian biologists

A

• Johann Friedrich Adam, discoverer of the Adams mammoth, the first complete woolly mammoth skeleton
• Igor Akimushkin, biologist
• Vladimir Prokhorovich Amalitskii, paleontologist
• Nicolai Andrusov, paleontologist
• Andrey Avinoff, entomologist
• Anatoly Andriyashev, ichthyologist, zoogeographist

B

• Karl Ernst von Baer, naturalist, founder of the Russian Entomological Society, formulated embryological Baer's laws
• Alexander Barchenko, notable for his research of Hyperborea
• Jacques von Bedriaga, prominent herpetologist, described Bedriaga's rock lizard and Bedriaga's skink
• Andrey Belozersky, founder of molecular biology
• Dmitry Belyayev, domesticated silver fox
• Lev Berg, ichthyologist of Central Asia and European Russia
• Yuli Berkovich, experimented with seed germination in zero gravity
• Nikolai Bernstein, neurophysiologist, coined the term biomechanics
• Vladimir Betz, discovered giant pyramidal neurons of primary motor cortex
• Anatoli Petrovich Bogdanov, biologist
• Andrey Bolotov, major 18th-century agriculturist, discovered dichogamy, pioneered cross-pollination
• August von Bongard, botanist of Alaska, discoverer of Sitka spruce and red alder
• Antonina Borissova, botanist
• Zinaida Botschantzeva, botanist
• Alexander Bunge, major botanist of Siberia (especially Altai)
• Alexey Bystrow, paleontologist

C

• Alexander Catsch, medical doctor and radiation biologist
• Mikhail Chailakhyan, researcher of flowering, described the florigen hormone
• Maria Cherkasova, ecologist
• Evgeny Chernikin, biologist
• Feodosy Chernyshov, paleontologist
• Sergei Chetverikov, pioneer of modern evolutionary synthesis
• Pyotr Chikhachyov, naturalist
• Alexander Chizhevsky, founder of heliobiology and modern air ionification

D

• Ilya Darevsky, biologist
• Nikolay Dubinin, studied the genetic basis of the human individuality in different populations; studied variability and heritability of neuro, and psychodynamic parameters

E

• Vladimir Efroimson, Soviet geneticist
• Kirill Eskov, biologist, discovered several new genera of spiders
• Eduard Eversmann, biologist and explorer, pioneer researcher of flora and fauna of southern Russia

F

• Andrey Famintsyn, plant physiologist, inventor of grow lamp, developer of symbiogenesis theory
• Mikhail A. Fedonkin, paleontologist
• Yuri Filipchenko, entomologist, coined the terms microevolution and macroevolution

G

• Oleg Gazenko, zoologist
• Johann Georg Gmelin, first researcher of Siberian flora
• Viktor Grebennikov, naturalist and entomologist, claimed to have built a levitation platform by attaching dead insect body parts to the underside
• Ilya Gruzinov, discovered the source for deep vocal sound is the membrane
• Grigory Grum-Grshimailo, zoologist and geographer, obtained two Przewalski's horses and more than 1000 bird specimens from his travels in Central Asia
• Alexander Gurwitsch, originated the morphogenetic field theory and discovered the biophoton

I

• Ilya Ivanov, researcher of artificial insemination and the interspecific hybridization of animals, involved in controversial attempts to create a human-ape hybrid
• Dmitry Ivanovsky, discoverer of viruses

J

• Hans Johansen, zoologist
• Hermann Johansen, zoologist

K

• Georgii Karpechenko, inventor of rabbage, an early experimental allopolyploid and non-sterile hybrid obtained through crossbreeding of distant species
• Karl Fedorovich Kessler, zoologist
• Alexander Keyserling, zoologist
• Nikolai Koltsov, discoverer of cytoskeleton
• Vladimir Komarov, plant geographer, President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, founder of the Komarov Botanical Institute
• Aleksei Alekseevich Korotnev, zoologist
• Alexander Kovalevsky, embryologist, major researcher of gastrulation
• Vladimir Kovalevsky, studied the effect of meteorological, hydrological, and temperature factors on harvest
• Alexey Kondrashov, works on evolutionary genetics. Developed the deterministic mutation hypothesis explaining the maintenance of sexual reproduction, sympatric speciation, and evaluated mutation rates
• Boris Kozo-Polyansky, botanist, and evolutionary biologist. First to support the theory of symbiogenesis with Darwinian evolution, and first director of The B.M. Kozo-Polyansky Botanical Garden of Voronezh State University.
• August David Krohn, pioneer in marine biology and published essential works on Chaetognatha (arrow worms)
• Peter Kropotkin zoologist
• Ludmila Kuprianova, botanist
• Andrei Kursanov, major physiologist and biochemist
• Sergei Kurzanov, paleontologist
• Nikolai Jakovlevice Kusnezov, entomologist

L

• Alexander Lebedev, known for his work on the biochemical basis of behavior
• Olga Lepeshinskaya, advocate of spontaneous generation
• Ivan Lepyokhin, botanist
• Peter Lesgaft, founder of the modern system of physical education, one of the founders of theoretical anatomy
• Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky, botanist
• Dmitry Litvinov, botanist
• Trofim Lysenko, agronomist, developer of yarovization, infamous for lysenkoism

M

• Evgeny Maleev, discoverer of Talarurus, Tarbosaurus, and Therizinosaurus
• Karl Maximovich, pioneer researcher of the Far Eastern flora
• Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of immune system, probiotics and phagocytosis, coined the term gerontology, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
• Zhores Medvedev, biologist
• Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, botanist
• Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay, ethnologist
• Sergei Mirkin, DNA researcher
• Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov, entomologist
• Mikhail Menzbier, major ornithologist, discoverer of the Menzbier's marmot
• Konstantin Merezhkovsky, major lichenologist, developer of symbiogenesis theory, a founder of endosymbiosis theory
• Ivan Michurin, pomologist, selectionist and geneticist, practiced crossing of geographically distant plants, created hundreds of fruit cultivars
• Alexander Middendorf, zoologist and explorer, studied the influence of permafrost on living beings, coined the term "radula", horse breeder
• Victor Motschulsky, coleopterologist (researcher of beetles)
• Dmitrii Mushketov, paleontologist

N

• Sergei Navashin, discovered double fertilization
• Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky, zoologist

O

• Vladimir Obruchev, paleontologist
• Sergey Ognev, for his work on mammalogy
• Alexey Olovnikov, predicted existence of telomerase, suggested the telomere hypothesis of aging and the telomere relations to cancer
• Aleksandr Oparin, biologist and biochemist, proposed the "primordial soup" theory of life origin, showed that many food production processes are based on biocatalysis
• Yuri Ovchinnikov, proponent of using molecular biology and genetics for creating new types of biological weapons

P

• Heinz Christian Pander, embryologist, discoverer of germ layers
• Peter Simon Pallas, polymath naturalist and explorer, discoverer of multiple animals, including the Pallas's cat, Pallas's squirrel, and Pallas's gull
• Vladimir Pasechnik, biologist
• Ivan Pavlov, founder of modern physiology, the first to research classical conditioning, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
• Alexander Petrunkevitch, eminent arachnologist of his time. Described over 130 spider species
• Nikolay Pirogov, founded field surgery. Was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic
• Vladimir Pravdich-Neminsky, published the first EEG and the evoked potential of the mammalian brain
• Yevgenia Georgievna Pobedimova, botanist and plant collector, notably in Russia, Ukraine and North Asia
• Maria Prokhorova, biologist and physiologist, did a research on gas gangrene during the Great Patriotic War
• Nikolai Przhevalsky, explorer and naturalist, brought vast collections from Central Asia, discovered the only extant species of wild horse

R

• Tikhon Rabotnov, made ground breaking studies in the regeneration of natural plant communities
• Leonty Ramensky, studied biotic communities
• Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn, paleontologist
• Anatoly Rozhdestvensky, discoverer of Aralosaurus and Probactrosaurus
• Vasiliy E. Ruzhentsev, paleontologist

S

• Ivan Schmalhausen, developer of modern evolutionary synthesis
• Leopold von Schrenck, ethnographer, zoologist, discovered the Amur sturgeon, Manchurian black water snake and Schrenck's bittern
• Boris Schwanwitsch, entomologist, applied colour patterns of insect wings to military camouflage during World War II
• Ivan Sechenov, founder of electrophysiology and neurophysiology
• Andrey Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, entomologist
• Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov, paleontologist
• Vladimir Shevyakov, zoologist, protistologist
• Pyotr Shirshov, hydrobiologist, participant of many arctic expeditions including the first drifting ice station, North Pole-1, researched plankton in polar regions and proved there is life in high altitudes of the Arctic Ocean, founded and headed the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology
• Victor Shmidt, zoologist, leading Russian specialist in microscopic anatomy and embryology
• Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk, studied the biochemistry of tobacco
• Julian Simashko, zoologist
• Norair Sisakian, biochemist, one of the founders of space biology, pioneer in biochemistry of sub-cell structures and technical biochemistry
• Alexey Skvortsov, botanist
• Boris Sergeyevich Sokolov, paleontologist
• Alexander Spirin, made significant contributions to the biochemistry of nucleic acids, and protein biosynthesis
• Yaroslav Starobogatov, zoologist
• Georg Wilhelm Steller, naturalist, participant of Vitus Bering's voyages, discoverer of Steller's jay, Steller's eider, extinct Steller's sea cow and multiple other animals
• Lina Stern, pioneer researcher of blood–brain barrier and first female full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Vladimir Sukachev, geobotanist

T

• Armen Takhtajan, developer of Takhtajan system of flowering plant classification, major biogeographer
• Valery Taliev, the founder of concept of the role of man in the spreading of plants during Holocene, geobotanist
• Aleksandr Tikhomirov, zoologist
• Kliment Timiryazev, plant physiologist and evolutionist, major researcher of chlorophyll
• Nikolai Timofeeff-Ressovsky, major researcher of radiation genetics, population genetics, and microevolution
• Vladimir Andreevich Tranzschel, mycologist, expert on rust fungi
• Lev Tsenkovsky, pioneer researcher of the ontogenesis of lower plants and animals
• Mikhail Tsvet, inventor of chromatography
• Mikhail Voronin, major researcher of fungi and plant pathology

  

V

• Nikolai Vavilov, botanist and geneticist, gathered the world's largest collection of plant seeds, identified the centres of origin of main cultivated plants
• Vladimir Vernadsky, founded biogeochemistry, pioneered research into the noosphere
• Olga Vinogradova, accomplished neuroscientist
• Sergey Vinogradsky, microbiologist, ecologist, and soil scientist, pioneered the biogeochemical cycle concept, discovered lithotrophy and chemosynthesis, invented the Winogradsky column for breeding of microorganisms
• Roman Vishniac, biologist

W

• Sergei Winogradsky, microbiologist, ecologist and soil scientist who pioneered the cycle of life concept

Y

• Gennady Yakovlev, botanist
• Ivan Yefremov, paleontologist, sci-fi author, founded taphonomy

Z

• Sviatoslav Zabelin, biologist, awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize
• Sergey Zimov, creator of the Pleistocene Park
• Nikolai Zograf, zoologist
• Valeriy Zyuganov, formulated the concept of freshwater pearl mussel - Atlantic salmon symbiosis

See also

References