List of Santalales of South Africa

Flowering plants in the order Santalales recorded from South Africa

Santalales is an order of flowering plants. Many of the members of the order are parasitic plants, mostly hemiparasites, able to produce sugars through photosynthesis, but tapping the stems or roots of other plants to obtain water and minerals, though some are obligate parasites, with low concentrations of chlorophyll and derive the majority of their sustenance from their hosts' vascular tissues. Most have seeds without testae (seed coats), which is unusual for flowering plants.

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[1]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[2] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[3]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[4]

Three families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Loranthaceae

Family: Loranthaceae,[4]

Actinanthella

Genus Actinanthella:[4]

  • Actinanthella wyliei (Sprague) Wiens, endemic

Agelanthus

Genus Agelanthus:[4]

  • Agelanthus crassifolius (Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, endemic
  • Agelanthus gracilis (Toelken & Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous
  • Agelanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens, endemic
  • Agelanthus lugardii (N.E.Br.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous
  • Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous
    • Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. natalitius, indigenous
    • Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous
  • Agelanthus prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, endemic
  • Agelanthus pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens, endemic
  • Agelanthus sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Polhill & Wiens, endemic
  • Agelanthus transvaalensis (Sprague) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous

Erianthemum

Genus Erianthemum:[4]

  • Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tiegh. indigenous
  • Erianthemum ngamicum (Sprague) Danser, indigenous

Helixanthera

Genus Helixanthera:[4]

  • Helixanthera garciana (Engl.) Danser, indigenous
  • Helixanthera subcylindrica (Sprague) Danser, accepted as Helixanthera woodii (Schltr. & K.Krause) Danser, present
  • Helixanthera woodii (Schltr. & K.Krause) Danser, indigenous

Loranthus

Genus Loranthus:[4]

  • Loranthus natalitius Meisn. var. minor (Harv.) J.M.Wood, accepted as Agelanthus gracilis (Toelken & Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous

Moquinia

Genus Moquinia:[4]

  • Moquinia rubra A.Spreng. accepted as Moquiniella rubra (A.Spreng.) Balle, indigenous

Moquiniella

Genus Moquiniella:[4]

  • Moquiniella rubra (A.Spreng.) Balle, indigenous

Odontella

Genus Odontella:[4]

  • Odontella welwitschii (Engl.) Balle, accepted as Oncocalyx welwitschii (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens

Oncocalyx

Genus Oncocalyx:[4]

Pedistylis

Genus Pedistylis:[4]

  • Pedistylis galpinii (Schinz ex Sprague) Wiens, indigenous

Plicosepalus

Genus Plicosepalus:[4]

  • Plicosepalus amplexicaulis Wiens, indigenous
  • Plicosepalus kalachariensis (Schinz) Danser, indigenous
  • Plicosepalus undulatus (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. indigenous

Septulina

Genus Septulina:[4]

  • Septulina glauca (Thunb.) Tiegh. indigenous
  • Septulina ovalis (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. indigenous

Tapinanthus

Genus Tapinanthus:[4]

  • Tapinanthus carsonii (Baker & Sprague) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens
  • Tapinanthus ceciliae (N.E.Br.) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens, present
  • Tapinanthus cinereus (Engl.) Danser, accepted as Phragmanthera cinerea (Engl.) Balle
  • Tapinanthus crassifolius Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus crassifolius (Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, present
  • Tapinanthus discolor (Schinz) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus discolor (Schinz) Balle
  • Tapinanthus forbesii (Sprague) Wiens, indigenous
  • Tapinanthus glaucocarpus (Peyr.) Danser, accepted as Phragmanthera glaucocarpa (Peyr.) Balle
  • Tapinanthus gracilis Toelken & Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus gracilis (Toelken & Wiens) Polhill & Wiens, present
  • Tapinanthus guerichii (Engl.) Danser, accepted as Phragmanthera guerichii (Engl.) Balle
  • Tapinanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Tiegh. subsp. kraussianus, accepted as Agelanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens, present
    • Tapinanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Tiegh. subsp. transvaalensis (Sprague) Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus transvaalensis (Sprague) Polhill & Wiens, present
  • Tapinanthus leendertziae (Sprague) Wiens, accepted as Tapinanthus quequensis (Weim.) Polhill & Wiens, present
  • Tapinanthus lugardii (N.E.Br.) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus lugardii (N.E.Br.) Polhill & Wiens, present
  • Tapinanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. natalitius, accepted as Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. natalitius, present
    • Tapinanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Wiens, accepted as Agelanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, present
  • Tapinanthus oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Danser, indigenous
  • Tapinanthus prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. accepted as Agelanthus prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Polhill & Wiens, present
  • Tapinanthus quequensis (Weim.) Polhill & Wiens, indigenous
  • Tapinanthus rubromarginatus (Engl.) Danser, indigenous
  • Tapinanthus sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Polhill & Wiens, present
  • Tapinanthus terminaliae (Engl. & Gilg) Danser, accepted as Agelanthus terminaliae (Engl. & Gilg) Polhill & Wiens

Tieghemia

Genus Tieghemia:[4]

  • Tieghemia bolusii (Sprague) Wiens, accepted as Oncocalyx bolusii (Sprague) Wiens & Polhill, present
  • Tieghemia quinquenervius (Hochst.) Balle, accepted as Oncocalyx quinquenervius (Hochst.) Wiens & Polhill, present
  • Tieghemia rogersii (Sprague ex Burtt Davy) Wiens, accepted as Oncocalyx bolusii (Sprague) Wiens & Polhill, present

Vanwykia

Genus Vanwykia:[4]

  • Vanwykia remota (Baker & Sprague) Wiens, indigenous

Olacaceae

Family: Olacaceae,[4]

Olax

Genus Olax:[4]

  • Olax dissitiflora Oliv. indigenous

Ximenia

Genus Ximenia:[4]

  • Ximenia americana L. indigenous
    • Ximenia americana L. var. microphylla Welw. ex Oliv. indigenous
  • Ximenia caffra Sond. indigenous
    • Ximenia caffra Sond. var. caffra, indigenous
    • Ximenia caffra Sond. var. natalensis Sond. indigenous

Santalaceae

Family: Santalaceae,[4]

Colpoon

Genus Colpoon:[4]

  • Colpoon compressum P.J.Bergius, indigenous
  • Colpoon speciosum (A.W.Hill) P.A.Bean, indigenous

Lacomucinaea

Genus Lacomucinaea:[4]

Osyridicarpos

Genus Osyridicarpos:[4]

Osyris

Genus Osyris:[4]

Rhoiacarpos

Genus Rhoiacarpos:[4]

  • Rhoiacarpos capensis (Harv.) A.DC. endemic

Thesidium

Genus Thesidium:[4]

  • Thesidium exocarpaeoides Sond. accepted as Thesium microcarpum A.DC. indigenous
  • Thesidium fragile (Thunb.) Sond. accepted as Thesium confusum J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic
  • Thesidium fruticulosum A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic
  • Thesidium globosum (A.DC.) A.DC. accepted as Thesium strigulosum A.DC. indigenous
  • Thesidium hirtum Sond. accepted as Thesium strigulosum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesidium leptostachyum (A.DC.) Sond. accepted as Thesium leptostachyum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesidium longifolium A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, indigenous
  • Thesidium microcarpum (A.DC.) A.DC. accepted as Thesium microcarpum A.DC. indigenous
  • Thesidium minus A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, indigenous
  • Thesidium podocarpum (A.DC.) A.DC. accepted as Thesium fragile L.f. indigenous
  • Thesidium thunbergii Sond. accepted as Thesium fragile L.f. indigenous

Thesium

Genus Thesium:[4]

  • Thesium abietinum Schltr. accepted as Thesium imbricatum Thunb. present
  • Thesium acuminatum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium acutissimum A.DC. indigenous
  • Thesium affine Schltr. accepted as Thesium quinqueflorum Sond. present
  • Thesium aggregatum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium alatum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
  • Thesium albomontanum Compton, endemic
  • Thesium angulosum DC. endemic
  • Thesium annulatum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium archeri Compton, endemic
  • Thesium aristatum Schltr. accepted as Thesium spinulosum A.DC. present
  • Thesium asperifolium A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium asterias A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium bathyschistum Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium boissierianum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium brachygyne Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium breyeri N.E.Br. indigenous
  • Thesium burchellii A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium burkei A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium resedoides A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium capitatum L. endemic
  • Thesium capitellatum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium capituliflorum Sond. endemic
  • Thesium carinatum A.DC. indigenous
    • Thesium carinatum A.DC. var. carinatum, endemic
    • Thesium carinatum A.DC. var. pallidum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium celatum N.E.Br. indigenous
  • Thesium commutatum Sond. endemic
  • Thesium confine Sond. indigenous
  • Thesium confusum J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic
  • Thesium congestum R.A.Dyer, indigenous
  • Thesium conostylum Schltr. accepted as Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. var. subglabrum A.W.Hill, present
  • Thesium cordatum A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium coriarium A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium cornigerum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium corymbuligerum Sond. accepted as Thesium virgatum Lam. present
  • Thesium costatum A.W.Hill, indigenous
    • Thesium costatum A.W.Hill var. costatum, indigenous
    • Thesium costatum A.W.Hill var. juniperinum A.W.Hill, indigenous
    • Thesium costatum A.W.Hill var. paniculatum N.E.Br. indigenous
  • Thesium crassifolium Sond. endemic
  • Thesium cupressoides A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium cymosum A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium cytisoides A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium utile A.W.Hill, present
  • Thesium davidsonae Brenan, endemic
  • Thesium deceptum N.E.Br. endemic
  • Thesium decipiens Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
  • Thesium densiflorum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium densum N.E.Br. endemic
  • Thesium disciflorum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium disparile N.E.Br. endemic
  • Thesium dissitiflorum Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium diversifolium Sond. endemic
  • Thesium dumale N.E.Br. accepted as Thesium resedoides A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium durum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
  • Thesium ecklonianum Sond. endemic
  • Thesium elatius Sond. endemic
  • Thesium ephedroides A.W.Hill, accepted as Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.Garcia
  • Thesium equisetoides Welw. ex Hiern, indigenous
  • Thesium ericaefolium A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium euphorbioides L. endemic
  • Thesium euphrasioides A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium exile N.E.Br. endemic
  • Thesium fallax Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium fimbriatum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium flexuosum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium foliosum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium fragile L.f. endemic
  • Thesium fragile Link ex A.DC. accepted as Thesium crassifolium Sond. present
    • Thesium frisea L. var. frisea, endemic
    • Thesium frisea L. var. thunbergii A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium fructicosum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium fruticulosum (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic
  • Thesium funale L. endemic
  • Thesium galioides A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium glaucescens A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium globosum A.DC. accepted as Thesium strigulosum A.DC. indigenous
  • Thesium glomeratum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium glomeruliflorum Sond. endemic
  • Thesium gnidiaceum A.DC. indigenous
    • Thesium gnidiaceum A.DC. var. gnidiaceum, endemic
    • Thesium gnidiaceum A.DC. var. zeyheri Sond. endemic
  • Thesium goetzeanum Engl. indigenous
  • Thesium gracilarioides A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium gracile A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium gracilentum N.E.Br. indigenous
  • Thesium griseum Sond. indigenous
  • Thesium gypsophiloides A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium helichrysoides A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium penicillatum A.W.Hill, present
  • Thesium hillianum Compton, endemic
  • Thesium hirsutum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. indigenous
    • Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. var. hispidulum, endemic
    • Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. var. subglabrum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium hispidum Schltr. accepted as Thesium hispidulum Lam. ex Sond. var. hispidulum, present
  • Thesium hollandii Compton, endemic
  • Thesium horridum Pilg. endemic
  • Thesium hystricoides A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium hystrix A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium imbricatum Thunb. indigenous
  • Thesium impeditum A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium inversum N.E.Br. endemic
  • Thesium jeanae Brenan, indigenous
  • Thesium junceum Bernh. indigenous
    • Thesium junceum Bernh. var. junceum, endemic
    • Thesium junceum Bernh. var. mammosum A.W.Hill, endemic
    • Thesium junceum Bernh. var. plantagineum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium juncifolium DC. endemic
  • Thesium junodii A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium karooicum Compton, endemic
  • Thesium lacinulatum A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium leptocaule Sond. endemic
  • Thesium leptostachyum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium lesliei N.E.Br. indigenous
  • Thesium lineatum L.f. accepted as Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.Garcia, indigenous
  • Thesium lisae-mariae Stauffer, endemic
  • Thesium litoreum Brenan, endemic
  • Thesium lobelioides A.DC. indigenous
  • Thesium macrogyne A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium macrostachyum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium magalismontanum Sond. indigenous
  • Thesium marlothii Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium maximiliani Schltr. accepted as Thesium rariflorum Sond. present
  • Thesium megalocarpum A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium microcarpum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium microcephalum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium micromeria A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium micropogon A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium minus (A.W.Hill) J.C.Manning & F.Forest, endemic
  • Thesium mossii N.E.Br. endemic
  • Thesium multiramulosum Pilg. indigenous
  • Thesium namaquense Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium natalense Sond. indigenous
  • Thesium nationae A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium nigromontanum Sond. endemic
  • Thesium nigrum A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium nudicaule A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium occidentale A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium oresigenum Compton, endemic
  • Thesium orientale A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium pallidum A.DC. indigenous
  • Thesium paniculatum L. endemic
  • Thesium paronychioides Sond. endemic
  • Thesium patersoniae A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium patulum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium penicillatum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium phyllostachyum Sond. endemic
  • Thesium pinifolium A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium pleuroloma A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium podocarpum A.DC. accepted as Thesium fragile L.f. indigenous
  • Thesium polycephalum Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium polygaloides A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium pottiae N.E.Br. indigenous
  • Thesium procerum N.E.Br. indigenous
  • Thesium prostratum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium pseudovirgatum Levyns, endemic
  • Thesium pubescens A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium pungens A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium pycnanthum Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium quinqueflorum Sond. endemic
  • Thesium racemosum Bernh. indigenous
  • Thesium rariflorum Sond. endemic
  • Thesium rasum (A.W.Hill) N.E.Br. indigenous
  • Thesium repandum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium resedoides A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium resinifolium N.E.Br. endemic
  • Thesium rigidum Sond. indigenous
  • Thesium rogersii A.W.Hill, accepted as Thesium goetzeanum Engl. indigenous
  • Thesium rufescens A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium scabrum L. endemic
  • Thesium scandens E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
  • Thesium schumannianum Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium scirpioides A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium sedifolium A.DC. ex Levyns, accepted as Thesium crassifolium Sond. present
  • Thesium selagineum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium semotum N.E.Br. endemic
  • Thesium sertulariastrum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium sonderianum Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium spartioides A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium spicatum L. endemic
  • Thesium spinosum L.f. endemic
  • Thesium spinulosum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium squarrosum L.f. indigenous
  • Thesium strictum P.J.Bergius, endemic
  • Thesium strigulosum A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium subnudum Sond. indigenous
    • Thesium subnudum Sond. var. foliosum A.W.Hill, endemic
    • Thesium subnudum Sond. var. subnudum, endemic
  • Thesium subsimile N.E.Br. endemic
  • Thesium susannae A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium thunbergianum A.DC. accepted as Thesium selagineum A.DC. present
  • Thesium translucens A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium transvaalense Schltr. endemic
  • Thesium triflorum Thunb. ex L.f. indigenous
  • Thesium umbelliferum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium urceolatum A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Thesium utile A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Thesium vahrmeijeri Brenan, endemic
  • Thesium virens E.Mey. ex A.DC. endemic
  • Thesium virgatum Lam. endemic
  • Thesium viridifolium Levyns, endemic
  • Thesium viscibaccatum Dinter, accepted as Lacomucinaea lineata (L.f.) Nickrent & M.A.Garcia
  • Thesium whitehillensis Compton, endemic
  • Thesium zeyheri A.DC. indigenous

Viscum

Genus Viscum:[4]

  • Viscum anceps E.Mey. ex Sprague, endemic
  • Viscum capense L.f. indigenous
    • Viscum capense L.f. subsp. hoolei Wiens, accepted as Viscum hoolei Wiens, present
  • Viscum combreticola Engl. indigenous
  • Viscum continuum E.Mey. ex Sprague, endemic
  • Viscum crassulae Eckl. & Zeyh. endemic
  • Viscum dielsianum Dinter ex Neusser, indigenous
  • Viscum hoolei Wiens, indigenous
  • Viscum menyharthii Engl. & Schinz, indigenous
  • Viscum minimum Harv. endemic
  • Viscum nervosum Hochst. ex A.Rich. accepted as Viscum triflorum DC.
  • Viscum obovatum Harv. indigenous
  • Viscum obscurum Thunb. indigenous
  • Viscum oreophilum Wiens, indigenous
  • Viscum pauciflorum L.f. endemic
  • Viscum rotundifolium L.f. indigenous
  • Viscum schaeferi Engl. & K.Krause, indigenous
  • Viscum spragueanum Burtt Davy, accepted as Viscum tuberculatum A.Rich. present
  • Viscum subserratum Schltr. indigenous
  • Viscum triflorum DC. indigenous
    • Viscum triflorum DC. subsp. nervosum (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) M.G.Gilbert, accepted as Viscum triflorum DC. present
  • Viscum tuberculatum A.Rich. indigenous
  • Viscum verrucosum Harv. indigenous

References

  1. ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
  2. ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  3. ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
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  • Delagoa Lowveld
  • Dwaalboom Thornveld
  • Dwarsberg-Swartruggens Mountain Bushveld
  • Eastern Valley Bushveld
  • Gabbro Grassy Bushveld
  • Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld
  • Ghaap Plateau Vaalbosveld
  • Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld
  • Gordonia Duneveld
  • Gordonia Kameeldoring Bushveld
  • Gordonia Plains Shrubland
  • Granite Lowveld
  • Gravelotte Rocky Bushveld
  • Kaalrug Mountain Bushveld
  • Kathu Bushveld
  • Kimberley Thornveld
  • Koranna-Langeberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Kuruman Mountain Bushveld
  • Kuruman Thornveld
  • Kuruman Vaalbosveld
  • KwaZulu-Natal Hinterland Thornveld
  • KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld
  • Lebombo Summit Sourveld
  • Legogote Sour Bushveld
  • Limpopo Ridge Bushveld
  • Limpopo Sweet Bushveld
  • Loskop Mountain Bushveld
  • Loskop Thornveld
  • Lowveld Rugged Mopaneveld
  • Madikwe Dolomite Bushveld
  • Mafikeng Bushveld
  • Makatini Clay Thicket
  • Makhado Sweet Bushveld
  • Makuleke Sandy Bushveld
  • Malelane Mountain Bushveld
  • Mamabolo Mountain Bushveld
  • Marikana Thornveld
  • Molopo Bushveld
  • Moot Plains Bushveld
  • Mopane Basalt Shrubland
  • Mopane Gabbro Shrubland
  • Musina Mopane Bushveld
  • Ngongoni Veld
  • Norite Koppies Bushveld
  • Northern Lebombo Bushveld
  • Northern Zululand Sourveld
  • Nossob Bushveld
  • Nwambyia-Pumbe Sandy Bushveld
  • Ohrigstad Mountain Bushveld
  • Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld
  • Phalaborwa-Timbavati Mopaneveld
  • Pilanesberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Polokwane Plateau Bushveld
  • Postmasburg Thornveld
  • Poung Dolomite Mountain Bushveld
  • Pretoriuskop Sour Bushveld
  • Roodeberg Bushveld
  • Schmidtsdrif Thornveld
  • Schweizer-Reneke Bushveld
  • Sekhukhune Mountain Bushveld
  • Sekhukhune Plains Bushveld
  • South Eastern Coastal Thornveld
  • Southern Lebombo Bushveld
  • Soutpansberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Springbokvlakte Thornveld
  • Stella Bushveld
  • Swaziland Sour Bushveld
  • Tembe Sandy Bushveld
  • Thukela Thornveld
  • Thukela Valley Bushveld
  • Tsende Mopaneveld
  • Tshokwane-Hlane Basalt Lowveld
  • Tzaneen Sour Bushveld
  • Vaalbos Rocky Shrubland
  • VhaVenda Miombo
  • Waterberg Mountain Bushveld
  • Western Maputaland Clay Bushveld
  • Western Maputaland Sandy Bushveld
  • Western Sandy Bushveld
  • Zeerust Thornveld
  • Zululand Coastal Thornveld
  • Zululand Lowveld
Grassland
  • Aliwal North Dry Grassland
  • Amathole Mistbelt Grassland
  • Amathole Montane Grassland
  • Amersfoort Highveld Clay Grassland
  • Barberton Montane Grassland
  • Basotho Montane Shrubland
  • Bedford Dry Grassland
  • Besemkaree Koppies Shrubland
  • Bloemfontein Dry Grassland
  • Bloemfontein Karroid Shrubland
  • Carletonville Dolomite Grassland
  • Central Free State Grassland
  • Drakensberg Afroalpine Heathland
  • Drakensberg Foothill Moist Grassland
  • Drakensberg-Amathole Afromontane Fynbos
  • East Griqualand Grassland
  • Eastern Free State Clay Grassland
  • Eastern Free State Sandy Grassland
  • Eastern Highveld Grassland
  • Egoli Granite Grassland
  • Frankfort Highveld Grassland
  • Income Sandy Grassland
  • Ithala Quartzite Sourveld
  • KaNgwane Montane Grassland
  • Karoo Escarpment Grassland
  • Klerksdorp Thornveld
  • KwaZulu-Natal Highland Thornveld
  • Leolo Summit Sourveld
  • Lesotho Highland Basalt Grassland
  • Low Escarpment Moist Grassland
  • Lydenburg Montane Grassland
  • Lydenburg Thornveld
  • Mabela Sandy Grassland
  • Midlands Mistbelt Grassland
  • Mooi River Highland Grassland
  • Mthatha Moist Grassland
  • Northern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
  • Northern Escarpment Afromontane Fynbos
  • Northern Escarpment Dolomite Grassland
  • Northern Escarpment Quartzite Sourveld
  • Northern Free State Shrubland
  • Northern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
  • Northern KwaZulu-Natal Shrubland
  • Northern Zululand Mistbelt Grassland
  • Paulpietersburg Moist Grassland
  • Queenstown Thornveld
  • Rand Highveld Grassland
  • Sekhukhune Montane Grassland
  • Senqu Montane Shrubland
  • Southern Drakensberg Highland Grassland
  • Southern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland
  • Soutpansberg Summit Sourveld
  • Soweto Highveld Grassland
  • Steenkampsberg Montane Grassland
  • Stormberg Plateau Grassland
  • Strydpoort Summit Sourveld
  • Tarkastad Montane Shrubland
  • Tsakane Clay Grassland
  • Tsomo Grassland
  • uKhahlamba Basalt Grassland
  • Vaal Reefs Dolomite Sinkhole Woodland
  • Vaal-Vet Sandy Grassland
  • Vredefort Dome Granite Grassland
  • Wakkerstroom Montane Grassland
  • Waterberg-Magaliesberg Summit Sourveld
  • Western Free State Clay Grassland
  • Western Highveld Sandy Grassland
  • Western Lesotho Basalt Shrubland
  • Winburg Grassy Shrubland
  • Wolkberg Dolomite Grassland
  • Woodbush Granite Grassland
  • Xhariep Karroid Grassland
  • Zastron Moist Grassland
Fynbos
  • Agulhas Limestone Fynbos
  • Agulhas Sand Fynbos
  • Albertinia Sand Fynbos
  • Algoa Sandstone Fynbos
  • Atlantis Sand Fynbos
  • Bokkeveld Sandstone Fynbos
  • Boland Granite Fynbos
  • Breede Alluvium Fynbos
  • Breede Quartzite Fynbos
  • Breede Sand Fynbos
  • Breede Shale Fynbos
  • Canca Limestone Fynbos
  • Cape Flats Sand Fynbos
  • Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos
  • Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Central Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Central Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • De Hoop Limestone Fynbos
  • Eastern Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Eastern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • Elgin Shale Fynbos
  • Elim Ferricrete Fynbos
  • Garden Route Granite Fynbos
  • Garden Route Shale Fynbos
  • Graafwater Sandstone Fynbos
  • Greyton Shale Fynbos
  • Grootrivier Quartzite Fynbos
  • Hangklip Sand Fynbos
  • Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos
  • Hopefield Sand Fynbos
  • Kamiesberg Granite Fynbos
  • Kango Conglomerate Fynbos
  • Knysna Sand Fynbos
  • Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Kouebokkeveld Alluvium Fynbos
  • Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos
  • Kouga Grassy Sandstone Fynbos
  • Kouga Sandstone Fynbos
  • Leipoldtville Sand Fynbos
  • Loerie Conglomerate Fynbos
  • Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos
  • Matjiesfontein Quartzite Fynbos
  • Matjiesfontein Shale Fynbos
  • Montagu Shale Fynbos
  • Namaqualand Sand Fynbos
  • North Hex Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
  • North Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Northern Inland Shale Band Vegetation
  • Olifants Sandstone Fynbos
  • Overberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Peninsula Granite Fynbos
  • Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos
  • Piketberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Potberg Ferricrete Fynbos
  • Potberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Robertson Granite Fynbos
  • South Hex Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos
  • South Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos
  • Southern Cape Dune Fynbos
  • Stinkfonteinberge Quartzite Fynbos
  • Suurberg Quartzite Fynbos
  • Suurberg Shale Fynbos
  • Swartberg Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
  • Swartberg Shale Fynbos
  • Swartland Alluvium Fynbos
  • Swartruggens Quartzite Fynbos
  • Swellendam Silcrete Fynbos
  • Tsitsikamma Sandstone Fynbos
  • Western Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos
  • Western Coastal Shale Band Vegetation
  • Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos
Renosterveld
  • Baviaanskloof Shale Renosterveld
  • Breede Alluvium Renosterveld
  • Breede Shale Renosterveld
  • Central Mountain Shale Renosterveld
  • Central Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
  • Ceres Shale Renosterveld
  • Eastern Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
  • Hantam Plateau Dolerite Renosterveld
  • Humansdorp Shale Renosterveld
  • Kango Limestone Renosterveld
  • Langkloof Shale Renosterveld
  • Matjiesfontein Shale Renosterveld
  • Montagu Shale Renosterveld
  • Mossel Bay Shale Renosterveld
  • Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld
  • Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld
  • Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld
  • Peninsula Shale Renosterveld
  • Robertson Granite Renosterveld
  • Roggeveld Shale Renosterveld
  • Ruêns Silcrete Renosterveld
  • Swartberg Shale Renosterveld
  • Swartland Alluvium Renosterveld
  • Swartland Granite Renosterveld
  • Swartland Shale Renosterveld
  • Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld
  • Uniondale Shale Renosterveld
  • Vanrhynsdorp Shale Renosterveld
  • Western Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
Succulent
Karoo
  • Aggeneys Gravel Vygieveld
  • Agter-Sederberg Shrubland
  • Anenous Plateau Shrubland
  • Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland
  • Central Knersvlakte Vygieveld
  • Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland
  • Citrusdal Vygieveld
  • Die Plate Succulent Shrubland
  • Doringrivier Quartzite Karoo
  • Eastern Little Karoo
  • Eenriet Plains Succulent Shrubland
  • Goariep Mountain Succulent Shrubland
  • Hantam Karoo
  • Kamiesberg Mountains Shrubland
  • Klawer Sandy Shrubland
  • Knersvlakte Dolomite Vygieveld
  • Knersvlakte Quartz Vygieveld
  • Knersvlakte Shale Vygieveld
  • Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo
  • Kosiesberg Succulent Shrubland
  • Lekkersing Succulent Shrubland
  • Little Karoo Quartz Vygieveld
  • Namaqualand Arid Grassland
  • Namaqualand Blomveld
  • Namaqualand Coastal Duneveld
  • Namaqualand Heuweltjie Strandveld
  • Namaqualand Heuweltjieveld
  • Namaqualand Inland Duneveld
  • Namaqualand Klipkoppe Shrubland
  • Namaqualand Shale Shrubland
  • Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland
  • Namaqualand Strandveld
  • Northern Knersvlakte Vygieveld
  • Northern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
  • Northern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
  • Oograbies Plains Sandy Grassland
  • Piketberg Quartz Succulent Shrubland
  • Platbakkies Succulent Shrubland
  • Prince Albert Succulent Karoo
  • Richtersveld Coastal Duneveld
  • Richtersveld Red Duneveld
  • Richtersveld Sandy Coastal Scorpionstailveld
  • Riethuis-Wallekraal Quartz Vygieveld
  • Robertson Karoo
  • Roggeveld Karoo
  • Rooiberg Quartz Vygieveld
  • Rosyntjieberg Succulent Shrubland
  • Southern Namaqualand Quartzite Klipkoppe Shrubland
  • Southern Richtersveld Inselberg Shrubland
  • Southern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld
  • Southern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld
  • Steytlerville Karoo
  • Stinkfonteinberge Eastern Apron Shrubland
  • Swartruggens Quartzite Karoo
  • Tanqua Escarpment Shrubland
  • Tanqua Karoo
  • Tatasberg Mountain Succulent Shrubland
  • Umdaus Mountains Succulent Shrubland
  • Upper Annisvlakte Succulent Shrubland
  • Vanrhynsdorp Gannabosveld
  • Vyftienmyl se Berge Succulent Shrubland
  • Western Bushmanland Klipveld
  • Western Gwarrieveld
  • Western Little Karoo
  • Willowmore Gwarrieveld
Albany
Thicket
and
Strandveld
  • Albany Arid Thicket
  • Albany Bontveld
  • Albany Mesic Thicket
  • Albany Valley Thicket
  • Baviaans Valley Thicket
  • Bethelsdorp Bontveld
  • Blombos Strandveld
  • Buffels Mesic Thicket
  • Buffels Valley Thicket
  • Cape Flats Dune Strandveld
  • Crossroads Grassland Thicket
  • Doubledrift Karroid Thicket
  • Eastern Gwarrieveld
  • Elands Forest Thicket
  • Escarpment Arid Thicket
  • Escarpment Mesic Thicket
  • Escarpment Valley Thicket
  • Fish Arid Thicket
  • Fish Mesic Thicket
  • Fish Valley Thicket
  • Gamka Arid Thicket
  • Gamka Valley Thicket
  • Geluk Grassland Thicket
  • Goukamma Dune Thicket
  • Gouritz Valley Thicket
  • Grahamstown Grassland Thicket
  • Grassridge Bontveld
  • Groot Brak Dune Strandveld
  • Hamburg Dune Thicket
  • Hartenbos Dune Thicket
  • Kasouga Dune Thicket
  • Koedoeskloof Karroid Thicket
  • Lambert's Bay Strandveld
  • Langebaan Dune Strandveld
  • Mons Ruber Fynbos Thicket
  • Motherwell Karroid Thicket
  • Nanaga Savanna Thicket
  • Oudshoorn Karroid Thicket
  • Overberg Dune Strandveld
  • Saldanha Flats Strandveld
  • Saldanha Granite Strandveld
  • Saldanha Limestone Strandveld
  • Saltaire Karroid Thicket
  • Sardinia Forest Thicket
  • St Francis Dune Thicket
  • Subtropical Dune Thicket
  • Sundays Arid Thicket
  • Sundays Mesic Thicket
  • Sundays Valley Thicket
  • Thorndale Forest Thicket
  • Umtiza Forest Thicket
  • Vanstadens Forest Thicket
  • Western Gwarrieveld
  • Willowmore Gwarrieveld
Nama
Karoo
and
desert
  • Albany Broken Veld
  • Blouputs Karroid Thornveld
  • Bushmanland Arid Grassland
  • Bushmanland Basin Shrubland
  • Bushmanland Sandy Grassland
  • Eastern Lower Karoo
  • Eastern Upper Karoo
  • Gamka Karoo
  • Kalahari Karroid Shrubland
  • Lower Gariep Broken Veld
  • Lower Karoo Gwarrieveld
  • Northern Upper Karoo
  • Upper Karoo Hardeveld
  • Western Upper Karoo
  • Alexander Bay Coastal Duneveld
  • Eastern Gariep Plains Desert
  • Eastern Gariep Rocky Desert
  • Helskloof Canyon Desert
  • Kahams Mountain Desert
  • Kwaggarug Mountain Desert
  • Namib Lichen Fields
  • Noms Mountain Desert
  • Northern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
  • Richtersberg Mountain Desert
  • Richtersveld Sheet Wash Desert
  • Southern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert
  • Western Gariep Hills Desert
  • Western Gariep Lowland Desert
  • Western Gariep Plains Desert
Azonal
  • Albany Alluvial Vegetation
  • Albany Dune Strandveld
  • Algoa Dune Strandveld
  • Arid Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Bushmanland Vloere
  • Cape Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Cape Inland Salt Pans
  • Cape Lowland Alluvial Vegetation
  • Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetlands
  • Cape Seashore Vegetation
  • Cape Vernal Pools
  • Drakensberg Wetlands
  • Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands
  • Fynbos Riparian Vegetation
  • Highveld Alluvial Vegetation
  • Highveld Salt Pans
  • Lesotho Mires
  • Lower Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
  • Muscadel Riviere
  • Namaqualand Riviere
  • Namaqualand Salt Pans
  • Namaqualand Seashore Vegetation
  • Namib Seashore Vegetation
  • Southern Kalahari Mekgacha
  • Southern Kalahari Salt Pans
  • Southern Karoo Riviere
  • Subantarctic Kelp Bed Vegetation
  • Subtropical Alluvial Vegetation
  • Subtropical Dune Thicket
  • Subtropical Estuarine Salt Marshes
  • Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands
  • Subtropical Salt Pans
  • Subtropical Seashore Vegetation
  • Tanqua Wash Riviere
  • Upper Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
Forest
and
Coastal
belt
  • KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Belt
  • Maputaland Coastal Belt
  • Maputaland Wooded Grassland
  • Pondoland-Natal Sandstone Coastal Sourveld
  • Transkei Coastal Belt
  • Ironwood Dry Forest
  • Lowveld Riverine Forest
  • Mangrove Forest
  • Northern Afrotemperate Forest
  • Northern Coastal Forest
  • Northern Mistbelt Forest
  • Sand Forest
  • Scarp Forest
  • Southern Afrotemperate Forest
  • Southern Coastal Forest
  • Southern Mistbelt Forest
  • Swamp Forest
Subantarctic
biome
  • Subantarctic Biotic Herbfield and Grassland
  • Subantarctic Cinder Cone Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Coastal Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Drainage Line Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Fellfield
  • Subantarctic Fernbrake Vegetation
  • Subantarctic Mire
  • Subantarctic Polar Desert
not on
VEGMAP
South
African
National
Parks
Biosphere
reserves
Marine
protected
areas of
South
Africa
Coastal
Offshore
Management
organisations
Biodiversity research in SA
Research
organisations
Research
projects
Citizen science
databases
Botanical
gardens
Taxonomists
Regional biodiversity
Legislation
Publications
  • List of field guides to South African biota
  • Categories: Biodiversity of South Africa
  • Index