List of convicted war criminals

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (May 2023)

This is a list of convicted war criminals found guilty of war crimes under the rules of warfare as defined by the World War II Nuremberg Trials (as well as by earlier agreements established by the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907, the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, and the Geneva Conventions of 1929 and 1949).

American Civil War (1861–1865)

  • James Duncan, Confederate guard in Andersonville Prison
  • Champ Ferguson (1821–1865), Confederate guerrilla leader sentenced to death for the murders of civilians, prisoners and wounded soldiers during the American Civil War.
  • Henry C. Magruder (1844–1865), Confederate guerrilla sentenced to death for the murders of eight civilians.
  • Henry Wirz (1822–1865), Confederate administrator of the Andersonville Prison

Liberian Civil Wars (1989–2003)

  • Guus Kouwenhoven (born 1942), convicted of illegal arms trafficking related to war crimes in Liberia[1]
  • Charles McArthur Emmanuel (born 1978), Anti-Terrorist Unit commander found guilty of torturing and murdering detainees.
  • Charles Taylor (born 1948), 22nd President of Liberia, guilty on 11 counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity during both the Sierra Leone Civil War and the Second Liberian Civil War.

Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996)

  • Felipe Cusanero, military officer convicted of war crimes, torture, and forced disappearances.[2]
  • Candido Noriega, farmer with far-right paramilitary connections who aided in the capture and murder of left-wing civilians.
  • Otto Pérez Molina (born 1950), Director of Military Intelligence who was involved in scorched earth campaigns, torture, and the murder of POWs and civilians.
  • Efraín Ríos Montt (1926–2018), President of Guatemala from 1982 to 1983, sentenced to 80 years in prison for war crimes and acts of genocide perpetrated during the Guatemala Civil War.[3]

World War I (1914–1918)

World War II

European theatre

Austria

Croatia

France

Hungary

Italy

Nazi Germany

Romania

Slovakia

Soviet Union

United States

  • Fred A. McMurray (died 1945), African-American G.I. executed for a murder and two rapes committed during the Italian Campaign, guilt has been called into question.[16]
  • Louis Till (1922–1945), African-American G.I. executed for a murder and two rapes committed during the Italian Campaign, guilt has been called into question.[16]
  • Horace T. West (died 1974), American soldier convicted of premeditated murder committed at Biscari.

Yugoslavia

Other

Pacific theatre

Japan

Other

Bangladesh Liberation War

Dirty War

Khmer Rouge regime

Rwandan Civil War

Sierra Leone Civil War

Yugoslav Wars

After the Yugoslav Wars, an international Court was formed to try war criminals (ICTY). However, ICTY tried only a selected number of high-ranking people (a total of 161), with local Courts (in Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia) starting trials mostly against individuals or soldiers who carried out orders of those high-ranking officers. Many of those have been convicted.

Croatia raised charges against 3666 people for war crimes, of which 1381 were dropped due to lack of evidence.[41]

Bosnian War

  • Fikret Abdić, Bosnian warlord, sentenced to six years for participating in the detention and killing of civilians[42]
  • Srecko Acimovic, Former Bosnian Serb Army battalion commander aided genocide against Bosnians[43]
  • Djuro Adamovic, Bosnian Serb soldier, sentenced to three years in prison for committing crimes against civilians, later acquitted during appeal[44][45]
  • Zoran Babic, Bosnian Serb policeman who persecuted Bosniaks[46]
  • Predrag Bastah, Bosnian Serb policeman convicted of killing 37 Bosniak civilians in the Yugoslav Wars[47]
  • Bratislav Bilbija, Bosnian Serb soldier, sentenced to two years in prison for committing crimes against civilians, later acquitted during appeal[44][45]
  • Tihomir Blaškić (born 1960), Bosnian Croat sentenced to 45 years, changed to 9 years following appeal[48]
  • Boris Bosnjak, Bosnian Serb detention camp guard who mistreated and abused Bosniak and Croat civilian detainees[49]
  • Miroslav Bralo (born 1967), Bosnian Croat member of the "Jokers" anti-terrorist platoon, sentenced to 20 years[50]
  • Radoslav Brdjanin (1948–2022), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 32 years (30 following appeal)[51]
  • Enver Buza, former commander of a Bosnian Army battalion convicted of killing 27 Croat civilians in Uzdol[52]
  • Milos Cajevic, Bosnian Serb police officer, sentenced to 13 years for intimidating and inhumane treatment[53]
  • Ibrahim Ceco, Bosnian Army Soldier, sentenced to a year and a half in prison for committing crimes against a civilian population[54]
  • Ranko Cesic (born 1964), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 18 years for Brcko[55]
  • Fadil Covic, convicted of illegally detaining Serb and Croat civilians at Silos camp[56]
  • Halid Covic, convicted of illegally detaining Serb and Croat civilians at Silos camp[56]
  • Hazim Delić (born 1964), Bosnian Muslim sentenced to 18 years for Čelebići prison camp[57]
  • Ilija Djajic, Bosnian Serb detention camp guard who mistreated and abused Bosniak and Croat civilian detainees[49]
  • Dragana Djekic, Serbian member of the White Eagles, sentenced to 5 years in 2023 for participation in the Štrpci massacre[58]
  • Mustafa Djelilovic, convicted of illegally detaining Serb and Croat civilians at Silos camp[56]
  • Damir Došen (born 1967), Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 5 years for Keraterm camp[59]
  • Senad Dzananovic, Bosnian soldier sentenced to 11 years for crimes against Serbians in Alipašino polje[60]
  • Dražen Erdemović (born 1972), Bosnian Croat who fought for Serb forces and was sentenced to 5 years for Pileca farm (part of Srebrenica massacre)[61]
  • Edin Gadzo, Bosnian soldier sentenced to 5 years for crimes against Serbians in Alipašino polje[60]
  • Stanislav Galić, Bosnian Serb commander in Siege of Sarajevo. Sentenced to 20 years,[62] appealed and had his sentence changed to life imprisonment[63]
  • Rade Garic, former Bosnian Serb police reservist for inhumane acts[64]
  • Miodrag Grubacic, Bosnian Serb detention camp guard who mistreated and abused Bosniak and Croat civilian detainees[49]
  • Becir Hujic, convicted of illegally detaining Serb and Croat civilians at Silos camp[56]
  • Boban Indjic, former Bosnian Serb commander, sentenced to 15 years in prison for participation in the Štrpci massacre[65]
  • Goran Jelisić (born 1968), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 40 years for murders in Brčko. Personally killed 13 civilians[66]
  • Mico Jurisic, former Bosnian Serb Policeman who committed crimes against humanity to non-Serb civilians[67]
  • Nermin Kalember, convicted of illegally detaining Serb and Croat civilians at Silos camp[56]
  • Radovan Karadžić (born 1945), Bosnian Serb politician who served as President of Republika Srpska during the Bosnian War, sentenced to life in prison for eleven counts of war crimes[68]
  • Radomir Kezunovic, former Bosnian Serb Army military policeman for killing 28 civilians[69]
  • Dragan Kolundžija (born 1959), Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 3 years for Keraterm camp[59]
  • Milojica Kos, Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 6 years for Omarska camp[70]
  • Radomir Kovač (born 1961), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 20 years[71]
  • Momčilo Krajišnik, Bosnian Serb politician, sentenced to 27 years[72]
  • Milorad Krnojelac, Bosnian Serb sentenced to 7½ years for Foča massacres. Following appeal, his sentence was raised to 15 years[73]
  • Radislav Krstić, Bosnian Serb sentenced to 46 years (35 following appeal) for his part in the Srebrenica massacre, also found guilty of being an accomplice to genocide,[74] first such ruling at ICTY
  • Dalibor Krstovic, Bosnian Serb Army soldier who raped a POW[75]
  • Dragoljub Kunarac (born 1960), Bosnian Serb sentenced to 28 years[71]
  • Miroslav Kvocka, Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 7 years for Omarska camp[70]
  • Esad Landžo, Bosnian Muslim sentenced to 15 years for Čelebići prison camp[57]
  • Jovan Lipovac, Serbian member of the White Eagles, sentenced to 10 years in 2023 for participation in the Štrpci massacre[58]
  • Gojko Lukic, Serbian member of the White Eagles, sentenced to 10 years in 2023 for participation in the Štrpci massacre[58]
  • Milan Lukić (born 1967), commander of the White Eagles paramilitary group, sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Višegrad massacres during the Bosnian War.
  • Sakib Mahmuljin, former Bosnian general convicted of killing Prisoners of War[76]
  • Zeljko Maricic, Bosnian Serb soldier, sentenced to two years for crimes against civilians[77]
  • Dragan Marinkovic, convicted of committing crimes against humanity in Milići, Republika Srpska[78]
  • Serif Mesanovic, convicted of illegally detaining Serb and Croat civilians at Silos camp[56]
  • Dragomir Milošević (born 1942), Bosnian Serb soldier in the Army of Republika Srpska, sentenced to 29 years in prison for war crimes committed during the Siege of Sarajevo.
  • Ratko Mladić (born 1943), officer in the Army of Republika Srpska during the Yugoslav Wars, sentenced to life in prison for roles in the Siege of Sarajevo and Srebrenica massacre[79]
  • Darko Mrdja, former Bosnian Serb policeman, sentenced to 20 years for participating in the Korićani Cliffs massacre[80]
  • Husein Mujanovic, Bosnian Army Jail Chief, sentenced to ten years for prisoner abuse, sentence later reduced to 4.5 years[81][82]
  • Zdravko Narancic, Bosnian Serb soldier convicted of helping kill 11 POWs[83]
  • Dragan Nikolić, Bosnian Serb sentenced to 23 years[84]
  • Slavko Ognjenović, convicted for wartime rape in the Yugoslav war[85]
  • Osman Osmanovic, Bosnian war official, sentenced to five years in prison for abusing prisoners at Rasadnik camp[86]
  • Veljko Papic, former member of the Army of Republika Srpska, sentenced to two years for forced labor[87]
  • Radovan Paprica, convicted for wartime rape in the Yugoslav war[85]
  • Milivoj Petković, Bosnian Croat officer for crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing[88]
  • Stojan Petrovic, member of the Bosnian Serb police, convicted of rape and crimes against the civilian population, sentenced to seven years in prison[89]
  • Joja Plavanjac, Bosnian Serb soldier convicted of killing 11 POWs[83]
  • Biljana Plavšić (born 1930), Bosnian Serb politician and former president of the Republika Srpska. Sentenced to 11 years[90]
  • Dragoljub Pricac, Bosnian Serb, sentenced to 5 years for Omarska camp[70]
  • Predrag Prosic, Bosnian Serb soldier convicted of illegally detaining Bosniak civilians[91]
  • Nicholas Ribic (born 1974), Canadian soldier in Bosnian Serb Army, convicted of taking United Nations peacekeepers hostage to use as human shields.[92]
  • Blagoje Simić (born 1960), former Bosnian Serb member of the Serb War Presidency, sentenced to 15 years for aiding and abetting persecution through unlawful arrests, confinement of prisoners in inhumane conditions, forced labour and displacement[93]
  • Simo Stupar, former Serbian policeman who illegally detained Bosniaks[94]
  • Dusko Vasiljevic, Serbian member of the White Eagles, sentenced to 10 years in 2023 for participation in the Štrpci massacre[58]
  • Simo Zaric, former police chief of Bosanski Šamac, sentenced to six years for being an aider and abetter of persecutions during the Bosanski Šamac ethnic cleansing[95]

Croatian War of Independence

Croat–Bosniak War

Kosovo War

  • Svetomir Bacevic, Kosovo Serb, convicted of seizing a civilian home, sentenced to 5 years in prison[128][129]
  • Haradin Bala (1957–2018), Kosovo Albanian commander of the Kosovo Liberation Army, sentenced to 13 years for murder, torture, and cruel treatment at the Lapušnik prison camp[130]
  • Zoran Djokic, former Serb fighter, sentenced to 12 years for attacks against ethnic Albanians[131]
  • Zlatan Krstic, former Serb police officer, sentenced to 14.5 years for torture, destruction of property, expulsions and abductions[132]
  • Vladimir Lazarević, Serbian colonel general, convicted of aiding and abetting crimes against humanity, released in 2015[133]
  • Sreten Lukić (born 1955), former Chief of the Serbian Police, sentenced to 22 years in prison for war crimes committed during the Kosovo War[133]
  • Salih Mustafa (born 1972), former commander of the Kosovo Liberation Army, convicted in 2022 and sentenced to 26 years in prison for mistreating prisoners[134]
  • Dragoljub Ojdanić (1941–2020), former Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Yugoslavia, sentenced to 15 years in prison for committing acts of forced displacement during the Kosovo War[135]
  • Nebojša Pavković (born 1946), Serbian general convicted of crimes against humanity[133]
  • Nikola Šainović, former Prime Minister of Serbia, convicted of crimes against humanity and released in 2015[133]
  • Destan Shabanaj, former Serb police inspector, sentenced to 7 years for desecrating, humiliating and subjecting a lifeless bodies to demeaning treatment[132]
  • Remzi Shala, Kosovo Liberation Army fighter, convicted of kidnapping and killing a civilian, sentenced to nine and a half years[136]
  • Goran Stanisic, Serbian reservist policeman, convicted of killing 13 civilians, sentenced to 20 years in prison in 2021, later reduced to 15 years[137]

Slovenian War of Independence

  • Berisav Popov, former Yugoslav colonel, sentenced to five years in prison in absentia for killing civilians and destruction of property[138]

Ituri conflict

War in Afghanistan

  • Robert Bales (born 1973), United States Army soldier, sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole for perpetrating the Kandahar massacre during the War in Afghanistan[139]
  • Alexander Blackman, Royal Marine convicted of executing a wounded Taliban insurgent, conviction was later downgraded to manslaughter.[140]
  • Calvin Gibbs, United States Army soldier, sentenced to life imprisonment for the thrill-killing of three Afghan civilians
  • Andrew Holmes, United States Army soldier, sentenced to seven years in prison for participating in the murder of civilian Gul Mudin
  • Omar Khadr (born 1986), Canadian convicted for murder and supporting terrorism[141]
  • Jeremy Morlock, United States Army soldier, sentenced to 24 years in prison for participating in the thrill-killings of three Afghan civilians
  • Glendale Wells, specialist; he pleaded guilty to being an accessory in the death of the prisoner known as Dilawar[142]
  • Adam Winfield, United States Army soldier, sentenced to three years in prison for involvement in the murder of civilian Mullah Adahdad

Iraq War

Non-Iraqi participants

Saddam Hussein regime

Syrian Civil War

  • Mustafa A, member of Liwa al-Quds, sentenced to 12 years in prison for complicity in torture, inhumane treatment and illegal arrest, and membership of a criminal organization[160]
  • Mohammad Abdullah, Syrian soldier, convicted of appearing in photos standing over a pile of bodies[161]
  • Eyad al-Gharib, Syrian intelligence officer who aided crimes against humanity[162]
  • Ahmad al Khedr, convicted for killing a captured Syrian Regime soldier[163]
  • Ahmad Al-Y, Syrian man who fought with terrorist organization Ahrar al-Sham[164]
  • Anwar Raslan, Syrian military Colonel convicted of crimes committed on behalf of President Bashar al-Assad[165]

Central African Republic Civil War

Islamic State in Syria and Iraq

  • Oussama Achraf Akhlafa, Islamic State militant, sentenced to 7½ years in prison[166]
  • Eddie Gallagher, United States navy SEAL who stabbed a injured POW and took photos with the corpse, pardoned in 2019.[167]
  • Lina Ishaq, Syrian woman who allowed her pre-teenage son join the Islamic State leading to his death, sentenced to six years at a Swedish tribunal[168]
  • Nurten J., identity of German woman who travelled to Syria to join ISIS and committed war crimes against property[169]
  • Clint Lorance, United States First Lieutenant who ordered the shooting of two civilians on a motorcycle, pardoned in 2019[170]

Russian invasion of Ukraine

  • Alexander Bobikin, member of an artillery unit, convicted of violating the laws and customs of war[171]
  • Anton Cherednik, member of Ukrainian naval infantry, pleaded guilty to murdering a civilian during the Siege of Mariupol[172]
  • Pavlo Hrebenyuk, member of the People's Militia of the Donetsk People's Republic, convicted of brutal treatment of the civilian population and sentenced to 12 years in prison[173]
  • Alexander Ivanov, member of an artillery unit, convicted of violating the laws and customs of war[171]
  • Mykhail Kulikov, tank crewman, convicted of firing on civilian targets[174]
  • Denis Kuznetsov, Russian soldier who took part in torturing a civilian, Oleksandr Marusik, convicted in absentia without a prison sentence[175]
  • Vadim Shishimarin, Russian soldier who killed unarmed civilian Oleksandr Shelipov, sentenced to life in prison[176]

Others

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

South America

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