List of countries by income equality

World map of income inequality Gini coefficients by country. Based on World Bank data ranging from 1992 to 2020.[1]
  Above 50%
  •   Between 45% and 50%
  •   Between 40% and 45%
  •   Between 35% and 40%
  •   Between 30% and 35%
  •   Below 30%
  •   No data
  • This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the income—and everyone else has no income).

    Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country (see List of countries by wealth inequality). Income from black market economic activity is not included and is the subject of current economic research.[2][3]

    UN, World Bank and CIA list – income ratios and Gini indices

    Row numbers are static. Other columns are sortable. This allows ranking of any column.

    Key:

    R/P 10%
    The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%.
    R/P 20%
    The ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%.
    Gini
    Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve. A Gini index of 0% expresses perfect equality, while index of 100% expresses maximal inequality.
    UN
    Data from the United Nations Development Programme.
    CIA
    Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook.
    Country Subregion Region UN R/P CIA R/P[4] World Bank Gini[5][6]
    10%[4] 20%[7] 10% Year % Year
     Albania Southern Europe Europe 7.2 4.2 7.2 2004 29.4 2020
     Algeria Northern Africa Africa 9.6 4.0 9.6 1995 27.6 2011
     Angola Middle Africa Africa 9.0 51.3 2018
     Argentina South America Americas 31.6 8.8 35.0 2007 40.7 2022
     Armenia Western Asia Asia 8.0 5.0 25.8 2004 27.9 2022
     Australia Australia, New Zealand Oceania 12.5 6.3 12.7 1994 34.3 2018
     Austria Western Europe Europe 6.9 4.9 6.8 2004 30.7 2021
     Azerbaijan Western Asia Asia 9.7 9.5 2001 26.6 2005
     Bangladesh Southern Asia Asia 7.5 4.8 7.5 2000 33.4 2022
     Belarus Eastern Europe Europe 6.9 3.6 6.9 2002 24.4 2020
     Belgium Western Europe Europe 8.2 4.2 8.3 2000 26.6 2021
     Belize Central America Americas 28.8 19.9 2013 53.3 1999
     Benin Western Africa Africa 9.4 16.3 9.4 2003 34.4 2021
     Bhutan Southern Asia Asia 6.6 28.5 2022
     Bolivia South America Americas 93.9 11.8 157.3 2002 40.9 2021
     Bosnia and Herzegovina Southern Europe Europe 5.4 5.4 5.5 2001 33.0 2011
     Botswana Southern Africa Africa 43.0 15.0 53.3 2015
     Brazil South America Americas 16.5 21.1 16.3 2013 52.0 2022
     Bulgaria Eastern Europe Europe 7.0 7.3 8.8 2005 39.0 2021
     Burkina Faso Western Africa Africa 11.6 5.3 11.5 2003 37.4 2021
     Burundi Eastern Africa Africa 19.3 6.7 19.3 1998 37.5 2020
     Cambodia South-eastern Asia Asia 12.2 12.0 2004 36 2013
     Cameroon Middle Africa Africa 15.7 11.5 15.4 2001 42.2 2021
     Canada Northern America Americas 9.4 6.2 9.5 2000 31.7 2019
     Cape Verde Western Africa Africa 10.7 42.4 2015
     Central African Republic Middle Africa Africa 69.2 18.5 68.1 1993 43.0 2021
     Chad Middle Africa Africa 10.0 37.4 2022
     Chile South America Americas 26.2 11.2 32.1 2003 43.0 2022
     China Eastern Asia Asia 21.6 10.2 21.8 2004 37.1 2020
     Colombia South America Americas 60.4 13.4 56.3 2008 54.8 2022
     Comoros Eastern Africa Africa 11.2 45.3 2014
     DR Congo Middle Africa Africa 8.8 44.7 2020
     Congo Middle Africa Africa 12.8 48.9 2011
     Costa Rica Central America Americas 23.4 12.3 37.3 2003 47.2 2022
     Ivory Coast Western Africa Africa 16.6 8.4 17.0 2002 35.3 2021
     Croatia Southern Europe Europe 7.3 5.3 7.2 2003 28.9 2021
     Cyprus Western Asia Asia 5.3 31.3 2021
     Czech Republic Eastern Europe Europe 5.2 3.7 5.2 1996 26.2 2021
     Denmark Northern Europe Europe 8.1 4.0 12.0 2000 28.3 2021
     Djibouti Eastern Africa Africa 8.8 41.6 2017
     Dominican Republic Caribbean Americas 25.3 10.5 18.8 2012 37.0 2022
     Ecuador South America Americas 35.2 10.7 17.5 2006 45.5 2022
     Egypt Northern Africa Africa 8.0 4.6 8.0 2000 31.9 2019
     El Salvador Central America Americas 38.6 7.0 55.4 2002 38.8 2022
     Estonia Northern Europe Europe 10.8 5.4 11.0 2003 31.8 2021
     Eswatini Southern Africa Africa 25.1 14.2 25.4 2001 54.6 2016
     Ethiopia Eastern Africa Africa 6.6 7.1 6.5 2000 35.0 2015
     European Union Europe 8.6 2015 30.6 2012
     Faroe Islands Northern Europe Europe 22.71 2018
     Fiji Melanesia Oceania 6.0 30.7 2019
     Finland Northern Europe Europe 5.6 3.9 5.7 2000 27.7 2021
     France Western Europe Europe 9.1 5.2 8.3 2004 31.5 2021
     Gabon Middle Africa Africa 7.4 38.0 2017
     Gambia Western Africa Africa 20.2 5.9 20.6 1998 38.8 2020
     Georgia Western Asia Asia 15.4 7.1 15.2 2003 34.2 2021
     Germany Western Europe Europe 6.9 5.1 6.9 2000 31.7 2019
     Ghana Western Africa Africa 14.1 10.3 13.7 1999 43.5 2016
     Greece Southern Europe Europe 10.2 7.1 10.4 2000 32.9 2021
     Guatemala Central America Americas 33.9 11.9 48.2 2002 48.3 2014
     Guinea Western Africa Africa 10.5 5.5 21.6 2006 29.6 2018
     Guinea-Bissau Western Africa Africa 19.0 12.6 84.8 1991 33.4 2021
     Guyana South America Americas 26.0 1999 45.1 1998
     Haiti Caribbean Americas 54.4 8.6 68.1 2001 41.1 2012
     Honduras Central America Americas 59.4 17.1 35.2 2003 48.2 2019
     Hong Kong Eastern Asia Asia 17.8 53.9 2016
     Hungary Eastern Europe Europe 5.5 4.9 5.6 2002 29.2 2021
     Iceland Northern Europe Europe 4.0 26.1 2017
     India Southern Asia Asia 8.6 5.5 8.6 2004 32.8 2021
     Indonesia South-eastern Asia Asia 7.8 6.6 7.9 2002 37.9 2022
     Iran Southern Asia Asia 17.2 7.7 16.9 1998 34.8 2022
     Iraq Western Asia Asia 4.4 29.5 2012
     Ireland Northern Europe Europe 9.4 5.0 9.4 2000 30.1 2021
     Israel Western Asia Asia 13.4 8.5 11.8 2005 37.9 2021
     Italy Southern Europe Europe 11.6 7.0 11.7 2000 34.8 2021
     Jamaica Caribbean Americas 17.3 17.0 2004 40.2 2021
     Japan Eastern Asia Asia 4.5 5.4 4.5 1993 32.9 2013
     Jordan Western Asia Asia 11.3 5.2 11.3 2003 33.7 2010
     Kazakhstan Central Asia Asia 8.5 3.8 8.0 2004 29.2 2021
     Kenya Eastern Africa Africa 13.6 7.7 18.6 2000 38.7 2021
     South Korea Eastern Asia Asia 7.8 5.3 5.9 2011 31.4 2016
     Kosovo Eastern Europe Europe 29.0 2017
     Kyrgyzstan Central Asia Asia 6.4 3.8 6.4 2003 28.8 2021
     Laos South-eastern Asia Asia 8.3 5.9 8.4 2002 38.8 2018
     Latvia Northern Europe Europe 11.6 5.8 11.6 2003 34.3 2021
     Lebanon Western Asia Asia 5.1 31.8 2011
     Lesotho Southern Africa Africa 39.8 20.8 48.2 2002 44.9 2017
     Liberia Western Africa Africa 12.8 5.9 35.3 2016
     Lithuania Northern Europe Europe 10.4 7.2 10.3 2003 36.7 2021
     Luxembourg Western Europe Europe 5.7 6.8 2000 32.7 2021
     Macau Eastern Asia Asia 36.0 2018
     North Macedonia Southern Europe Europe 12.5 7.3 12.3 2003 33.5 2019
     Madagascar Eastern Africa Africa 19.2 8.7 19.3 2001 42.6 2012
     Malawi Eastern Africa Africa 10.9 8.1 11.0 2004 38.5 2019
     Malaysia South-eastern Asia Asia 22.1 8.2 28.0 2003 40.7 2021
     Maldives Southern Asia Asia 7.0 29.3 2019
     Mali Western Africa Africa 12.5 5.2 12.6 2001 35.7 2021
     Malta Southern Europe Europe 4.5 31.4 2020
     Mauritania Western Africa Africa 12.0 5.4 11.8 2000 32.0 2019
     Mauritius Eastern Africa Africa 5.9 36.8 2017
     Mexico North America Americas 21.6 8.8 24.6 2004 43.5 2022
     Micronesia Micronesia Oceania 8.4 40.1 2013
     Moldova Eastern Europe Europe 8.2 3.6 8.3 2003 25.7 2021
     Mongolia Eastern Asia Asia 8.2 5.1 8.2 2002 31.4 2022
     Montenegro Southern Europe Europe 4.8 34.3 2021
     Morocco Northern Africa Africa 11.7 7.0 11.9 1999 39.5 2013
     Mozambique Eastern Africa Africa 18.8 14.2 18.8 2002 50.5 2019
     Myanmar South-eastern Asia Asia 6.3 11.6 1998 30.7 2017
     Namibia Southern Africa Africa 106.6 22.8 129.0 2003 59.1 2015
     Nepal Southern Asia Asia 15.8 5.0 15.6 2004 32.8 2010
     Netherlands Western Europe Europe 9.2 4.2 9.2 1999 25.7 2021
     New Zealand Australia, New Zealand Oceania 12.4 33.9 2019
     Nicaragua Central America Americas 31.0 10.2 15.4 2001 46.2 2014
     Niger Western Africa Africa 46.0 5.4 44.3 1995 32.9 2021
     Nigeria Western Africa Africa 17.8 9.1 17.5 2003 35.1 2018
     Norway Northern Europe Europe 6.1 4.1 6.0 2000 27.7 2019
     Pakistan Southern Asia Asia 6.5 4.8 6.6 2002 29.6 2018
     Panama Central America Americas 49.9 15.9 61.4 2003 50.9 2021
     Papua New Guinea Melanesia Oceania 23.8 9.3 23.8 1996 41.9 2009
     Paraguay South America Americas 38.8 11.7 65.9 2003 45.1 2022
     Peru South America Americas 26.1 10.3 31.5 2003 40.3 2022
     Philippines South-eastern Asia Asia 15.5 7.2 15.5 2003 40.7 2021
     Poland Eastern Europe Europe 8.8 4.6 8.7 2002 28.5 2021
     Portugal Southern Europe Europe 15.0 6.4 9.2 1995 34.6 2021
     Qatar Western Asia Asia 41.1 2007
     Romania Eastern Europe Europe 7.5 8.0 7.4 2003 33.9 2021
     Russia Eastern Europe Europe 12.7 6.6 12.8 2002 36.0 2020
     Rwanda Eastern Africa Africa 18.6 8.5 18.2 2000 43.7 2016
     São Tomé and Príncipe Middle Africa Africa 4.7 40.7 2017
     Saudi Arabia Western Asia Asia 45.9 2013
     Senegal Western Africa Africa 12.3 7.7 12.4 2001 36.2 2021
     Serbia Southern Europe Europe 4.2 33.1 2021
     Seychelles Eastern Africa Africa 9.8 32.1 2018
     Sierra Leone Western Africa Africa 87.2 5.4 87.2 1989 35.7 2018
     Singapore South-eastern Asia Asia 17.7 17.3 1998 45.9 2017
     Slovakia Eastern Europe Europe 6.7 4.1 6.7 1996 24.1 2021
     Slovenia Southern Europe Europe 5.9 3.7 5.9 1998 24.3 2021
     Somalia Eastern Africa Africa 36.8 2017
     South Africa Southern Africa Africa 33.1 28.4 31.9 2000 63.0 2014
     South Sudan Eastern Africa Africa 13.0 44.1 2016
     Spain Southern Europe Europe 10.3 7.3 10.2 2000 33.9 2021
     Sri Lanka Southern Asia Asia 11.1 6.8 36.1 2003 37.7 2019
     Saint Lucia Caribbean Americas 6.8 51.2 2016
     Sudan Northern Africa Africa 6.2 34.2 2014
     Suriname South America Americas 39.2 2022
     Sweden Northern Europe Europe 6.2 4.6 6.2 2000 29.8 2021
     Switzerland Western Europe Europe 9.0 5.2 8.9 2000 33.7 2020
     Syria Western Asia Asia 26.6 2022
     Taiwan Eastern Asia Asia 6.1 2002 34.1 2017
     Tajikistan Central Asia Asia 7.8 5.6 7.8 2003 34.0 2015
     Tanzania Eastern Africa Africa 9.2 6.2 9.3 2000 40.5 2018
     Thailand South-eastern Asia Asia 12.6 6.0 12.4 2002 34.9 2021
     East Timor South-eastern Asia Asia 4.1 28.7 2014
     Togo Western Africa Africa 9.7 37.9 2021
     Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean Americas 12.9 40.3 1992
     Tunisia Northern Africa Africa 13.4 5.2 13.7 2000 33.7 2021
     Turkey Western Asia Asia 6.6 8.5 17.1 2003 44.4 2021
     Turkmenistan Central Asia Asia 12.3 12.2 1998 40.8 1998
     Uganda Eastern Africa Africa 16.6 8.2 16.4 2002 42.7 2019
     Ukraine Eastern Europe Europe 5.9 3.5 7.6 2006 25.6 2020
     United Arab Emirates Western Asia Asia 26.0 2018
     United Kingdom Northern Europe Europe 13.8 5.4 13.6 1999 32.4 2021
     United States Northern America Americas 18.5 9.4 14.0 2014 39.8 2021
     Uruguay South America Americas 11.8 7.8 17.9 2003 40.6 2022
     Uzbekistan Central Asia Asia 10.6 10.6 2003 31.2 2022
     Venezuela South America Americas 18.8 15.8 50.3 2003 44.8 2006
     Vietnam South-eastern Asia Asia 6.9 6.2 10.0 2004 36.1 2022
     Yemen Western Asia Asia 8.6 6.1 8.6 2003 36.7 2014
     Zambia Eastern Africa Africa 21.1 51.5 2022
     Zimbabwe Eastern Africa Africa 8.6 50.3 2019
     World 38.0 2007

    EU27 countries

    Member state 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
     Austria 27.4 27.6 27.0 27.6 27.2 27.2 27.9 26.8 27.5 27.0 26.7 27.8
     Belgium 26.3 26.5 25.9 25.9 26.2 26.3 26.1 25.7 25.1 25.4 24.1 24.9
     Bulgaria 35.0 33.6 35.4 35.4 37.0 37.7 40.2 39.6 40.8 40.0 39.7 38.4
     Croatia 31.2 30.9 30.9 30.2 30.4 29.8 29.9 29.7 29.2 28.3 29.2 28.5
     Cyprus 29.2 31.0 32.4 34.8 33.6 32.1 30.8 29.1 31.1 29.3 29.4
     Czech Republic 25.2 24.9 24.6 25.1 25.0 25.1 24.5 24.0 24.0 24.2 24.9 24.8
     Denmark 26.6 26.5 26.8 27.7 27.4 27.7 27.6 27.8 27.5 27.3 27.0 27.7
     Estonia 31.9 32.5 32.9 35.6 34.8 32.7 31.6 30.6 30.5 30.5 30.6 31.9
     Finland 25.8 25.9 25.4 25.6 25.2 25.4 25.3 25.9 26.2 26.5 25.7 26.6
     France 30.8 30.5 30.1 29.2 29.2 29.3 28.8 28.5 29.2 29.2 29.3
     Germany 29.0 28.3 29.7 30.7 30.1 29.5 29.1 31.1 29.7 30.5 31.2 28.8
     Greece 33.5 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.2 34.3 33.4 32.3 31.0 31.4 32.4 31.4
     Hungary 26.9 27.2 28.3 28.6 28.2 28.2 28.1 28.7 28.0 28.0 27.6 27.4
     Ireland 29.8 30.4 30.7 31.1 29.7 29.6 30.6 28.9 28.3 28.3 26.9
     Italy 32.5 32.4 32.8 32.4 32.4 33.1 32.7 33.4 32.8 32.5 32.9
     Latvia 35.1 35.7 35.2 35.5 35.4 34.5 34.5 35.6 35.2 34.5 35.7 34.3
     Lithuania 33.0 32.0 34.6 35.0 37.9 37.0 37.6 36.9 35.4 35.1 35.4
     Luxembourg 27.2 28.0 30.4 28.7 28.5 29.6 29.2 31.3 32.3 31.2 29.6
     Malta 27.2 27.1 28.0 27.7 28.1 28.6 28.2 28.7 28.0 30.3 31.2
     Netherlands 25.8 25.4 25.1 26.2 26.7 26.9 27.1 27.4 26.8 28.2 26.4 26.3
     Poland 31.1 30.9 30.7 30.8 30.6 29.8 29.2 27.8 28.5 27.2 26.8 26.3
     Portugal 34.2 34.5 34.2 34.5 34.0 33.9 33.5 32.1 31.9 31.2 33.0
     Romania 33.5 34.0 34.6 35.0 37.4 34.7 33.1 35.1 34.8 33.8 34.3
     Slovakia 25.7 25.3 24.2 26.1 23.7 24.3 23.2 20.9 22.8 20.9 21.8
     Slovenia 23.8 23.7 24.4 25.0 24.5 24.4 23.7 23.4 23.9 23.5 23.0
     Spain 34.0 34.2 33.7 34.7 34.6 34.5 34.1 33.2 33.0 32.1 33.0 32.0
     Sweden 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.9 26.7 27.6 28.0 27.0 27.6 26.9 26.8
     Serbia[n 1] 38.0 38.3 40.0 39.8 37.8 35.6 33.3 33.3 33.3
     Montenegro[n 2][8] 38.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.7 34.7 34.1 32.9
     European Union 30.5 30.4 30.6 30.9 30.8 30.6 30.3 30.4 30.2 30.0 30.1
    Eurozone (EA19) 30.6 30.5 30.7 31.0 30.7 30.7 30.4 30.6 30.2 30.3 30.5

    Note: Pink-coloured cells indicate a break in the time series. Blue-coloured cells indicate estimated values.

    Source: Eurostat, “Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey”[9]

    OECD countries

    Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers

    Country Gini Year
     Australia 0.441 2020
     Austria 0.486 2019
     Belgium 0.489 2019
     Canada 0.438 2020
     Chile 0.495 2017
     Costa Rica 0.551 2021
     Czech Republic 0.432 2019
     Denmark 0.445 2019
     Estonia 0.465 2019
     Finland 0.516 2020
     France 0.519 2019
     Germany 0.497 2019
     Greece 0.525 2019
     Hungary 0.463 2019
     Iceland 0.369 2017
     Ireland 0.520 2018
     Israel 0.449 2019
     Italy 0.511 2018
     Japan 0.501 2018
     Latvia 0.483 2020
     Lithuania 0.495 2019
     Luxembourg 0.490 2019
     Mexico 0.435 2020
     Netherlands 0.453 2020
     New Zealand 0.454 2020
     Norway 0.436 2020
     Poland 0.452 2018
     Portugal 0.511 2019
     Slovakia 0.383 2019
     Slovenia 0.444 2019
     South Korea 0.405 2020
     Spain 0.491 2019
     Sweden 0.433 2020
     Switzerland 0.402 2019
     Turkey 0.502 2019
     United Kingdom 0.507 2020
     United States 0.517 2021

    Source:[10]

    Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers

    Country Gini Year
     Australia 0.318 2020
     Austria 0.274 2019
     Belgium 0.262 2019
     Canada 0.280 2020
     Chile 0.460 2017
     Costa Rica 0.487 2021
     Czech Republic 0.248 2019
     Denmark 0.268 2019
     Estonia 0.305 2019
     Finland 0.265 2020
     France 0.292 2019
     Germany 0.296 2019
     Greece 0.308 2019
     Hungary 0.286 2019
     Iceland 0.250 2017
     Ireland 0.292 2018
     Israel 0.342 2019
     Italy 0.330 2018
     Japan 0.334 2018
     Latvia 0.355 2020
     Lithuania 0.357 2019
     Luxembourg 0.305 2019
     Mexico 0.420 2020
     Netherlands 0.304 2020
     New Zealand 0.320 2020
     Norway 0.263 2020
     Poland 0.281 2018
     Portugal 0.310 2019
     Slovakia 0.222 2019
     Slovenia 0.246 2019
     South Korea 0.331 2020
     Spain 0.320 2019
     Sweden 0.276 2020
     Switzerland 0.316 2019
     Turkey 0.415 2019
     United Kingdom 0.355 2020
     United States 0.375 2021

    Source:[11]

    See also

    Notes

    1. ^ Serbia is a negotiating candidate to the EU.
    2. ^ Montenegro is a negotiating candidate to the EU.

    References

    1. ^ "Gini index (World Bank estimate)". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2022-04-23.
    2. ^ Underground economy and income inequality: two connected aspects in the oncoming context of Italian federalism Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. By Iacopo Odoardi and Carmen Pagliari. Vol. 15 No. 1, 2011 Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. Global & Local Economic Review.
    3. ^ The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003. December 2004. By Friedrich Schneider (University of Linz and IZA Bonn). Institute for the Study of Labor.
    4. ^ a b Monino, Jean-Louis; Sedkaoui, Soraya (2016-03-11). Data Development Mechanisms. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 43–72. doi:10.1002/9781119285199.ch3. ISBN 978-1-119-28519-9. Retrieved 2021-06-26. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
    5. ^ "GINI index (World Bank estimate)". World Bank. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
    6. ^ "Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income - The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-24.
    7. ^ "Human Development Reports". UNDP. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
    8. ^ GINI Index for Montenegro (Report). 18 January 2018.
    9. ^ "Statistics | Eurostat". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2023-09-06.
    10. ^ "Income Distribution Database". OECD.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved December 23, 2022. Measure: Gini (market income, before taxes and transfers)
    11. ^ "Income Distribution Database". OECD.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved December 23, 2022. Measure: Gini (disposable income, post taxes and transfers)

    Further reading

    • "An Overview of Growing Income Inequalities in OECD Countries: Main Findings" (PDF). Divided We Stand: Why Inequality Keeps Growing. OECD Publishing. December 2011. ISBN 978-92-64-11163-9. Retrieved 6 December 2011. This book released with two titles, depending on country of publication. However, the ISBN remains the same.
    • "Fed's Brainard Says Middle Class Squeeze Poses Risks to Economy". Bloomberg News. May 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2019. USA's Gini index is now .482 according to Federal Reserve Governor Lael Brainard.

    External links

    • Global Peace Index Map of Gini data for 2007–2010
    • Shadow economies all over the world : new estimates for 162 countries from 1999 to 2007. Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn, Claudio E. Montenegro. July 2010. World Bank.
    • Allianz Global Wealth Report 2018.
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