List of manuscripts from Qumran Cave 4

List of the manuscripts from Qumran Cave 4
The Damascus Document Scroll, 4Q271Df, found in Cave 4.
MaterialParchment, Papyrus
WritingHebrew, Aramaic, Greek
CreatedEst. 408 BCE to 318 CE
Discovered1952
Present locationQumran

The following is a list of the Dead Sea Scrolls from the cave 4 near Qumran.

Description

Qumran cave 4, where ninety percent of the scrolls were found.

Wadi Qumran Cave 4 was discovered in August 1952, and was excavated from 22–29 September 1952 by Gerald Lankester Harding, Roland de Vaux, and Józef Milik.[1][2] Cave 4 is actually two hand-cut caves (4a and 4b), but since the fragments were mixed, they are labeled as 4Q. Cave 4 is the most famous of Qumran caves both because of its visibility from the Qumran plateau and its productivity. It is visible from the plateau to the south of the Qumran settlement. It is by far the most productive of all Qumran caves, producing ninety percent of the Dead Sea Scrolls and scroll fragments (approx. 15,000 fragments from 500 different texts), including 9–10 copies of Jubilees, along with 21 tefillin and 7 mezuzot.

List of manuscripts

Some resources for more complete information on the scrolls are the book by Emanuel Tov, "Revised Lists of the Texts from the Judaean Desert"[3] for a complete list of all of the Dead Sea Scroll texts, as well as the online webpages for the Shrine of the Book[4] and the Leon Levy Collection,[5] both of which present photographs and images of the scrolls and fragments themselves for closer study. Information is not always comprehensive, as content for many scrolls has not yet been fully published.

4Q1–4Q100

Fragment or scroll identifier Fragment or scroll name Alternative identifier English Bible Association Language Date/script Description Reference

Qumran Cave 4

4QGen-Exoda Genesis–Exodus 4Q1 Genesis 8:20–21; Exodus 1–4; 5:3–17; 6:4–21,25; 7:5–13,15–20; 8:20–22; 9:8; 22:14; 27:38–39,42–43; 34:17–21 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments from Genesis to Numbers [6][7]
4QGenb Genesis 4Q2 Genesis 1:1–27; 2:14–19; 4:2–4; 5:13 Hebrew Roman Fragment of Genesis [6][8]
4QGenc 4Q3 Genesis 40–41 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Genesis [6][9]
4QGend 4Q4 Genesis 1:18–27 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Genesis on the Beginning of Creation [6][10]
4QGene 4Q5 Genesis 36–37; 40–43; 49 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Genesis [6][11]
4QGenf 4Q6 Genesis 48:1–11 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Genesis [6][12]
4QGeng 4Q7 Genesis 1:1–11,13–22; 2:6–7 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Genesis about Creation [6][13]
4QGenh/4QGenh1 4Q8 Genesis 1:8–10 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Genesis about the beginning to early mankind. [14][15]
4QGenh2 4Q8a Genesis 2:17–18 [14][16]
4QGenh-para 4Q8b Genesis 12:4–5 A paraphrase of Genesis [14][17]
4QGenh-title 4Q8c Genesis The title of a Genesis manuscript [14][18]
4QGenj 4Q9 Genesis 41–43; 45 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Genesis [14][19]
4QGenk 4Q10 Genesis 1:9,14–16,27–28; 2:1–3; 3:1–2 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Genesis [14][20]
4QpaleoGen-Exodl Paleo-Genesis/Exodus 4Q11 Genesis 50:26; Exodus 1:1–5; 2:10,22–25; 3:1–4,17–21; 8:13–15, 19–21; 9:25–29, 33–35; 10:1–5; 11:4–10; 12:1–11, 42–46; 14:15–24; 16:2–7, 13–14,18–20,23–25,26–31,33–35; 17:1–3,5–11; 18:17–24; 19:24–25; 20:1–2; 22:23–24; 23:5–16; 25:7–20; 26:29–37; 27:1, 6–14; 28:33–35,40–42; 36:34–36 Hebrew Hasmonean; Paleo-Hebrew script Fragments of Genesis and Exodus [14][21]
4QpaleoGenm Paleo-Genesis 4Q12 Genesis 26:21–28; Exodus 6:25–30; 7:1–19,29; 8:1,5,12–26; 9:5–16,19–21,35; 10:1–12,19–28; 11:8–10; 12:1–2,6–8,13–15,17–22,31–32,34–39; 13:3–7,12–13; 14:3–5,8–9,25–26; 15:23–27; 16:1,4–5,7–8,31–35; 17:1–16; 18:1–27; 19:1,7–17,23–25; 20:1,18–19; 21:5–6, 13–14,22–32; 22:3–4,6–7,11–13,16–30; 23:15–16,19–31; 24:1–4,6–11; 25:11–12,20–29,31–34; 26:8,15,21–30; 27:1–3,9–14,18–19; 28:3–4,8–12,22–24,26–28,30–43; 29:1–5,20,22–25,31–41; 30:10,12–18,29–31,34–38; 31:1–8,13–15; 32:2–19,25–30; 33:12–23; 34:1–3,10–13,15–18,20–24,27–28; 35:1; 36:21–24; 37:9–16 Hebrew Hasmonean; Paleo-Hebrew script Fragment from Genesis [14][22]
4QExodb Exodus 4Q13 Exodus 1:1–6,16–12; 2:2–18; 3:13 – 4:8; 5:3–14 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Exodus about Slavery in Egypt [14][23]
4QExodc 4Q14 Exodus 7:17–19,20–23; 7:26 – 8:1; 8:5–14,16–18,22; 9:10–11,15–20,22–25,27–35; 10:1–5,7–9,12–19,23–24; 11:9–10; 12:12–16,31–48; 13:18 – 14:3; 14:3–13; 17:1 – 18:12 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Exodus [14][24]
4QExodd 4Q15 Exodus 13:15–16 followed directly by 15:1 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Exodus about the Passover and a Hymn [14][25][26]
4QExode 4Q16 Exodus 13:3–5,15–16 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Exodus about the Passover and a Hymn [14][24]
4QExod-Levf Exodus–Leviticus 4Q17 Exodus 38:18–22; 39:3–19, 20–24; 40:8–27; Leviticus 1:13–15, 17–2:1 Hebrew Early Hellenistic Fragments of Exodus and Leviticus [27][28]
4QExodg Exodus 4Q18 Exodus 14:21–27 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Exodus [27][29]
4QExodh 4Q19 Exodus 6:3–6 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Exodus [27][30]
4QExodj 4Q20 Exodus 7:28–8:2 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Exodus [27][31]
4QExodk 4Q21 Exodus 36:9–10 Hebrew Roman Fragments of Exodus [27][32]
4QpaleoExodm (olim 4QExα) Paleo-Exodus 4Q22 Exodus 6:25–7:19,29–8:1,[5],12–22; 9:5–16, 19–21, 35–10:12, 19–28; 11:8–12:2,6–8, 13–15, 17–22, 31–32, 34–39; 13:3–8, 12–13; ... 37:9–16 Hebrew Hasmonean; Paleo-Hebrew script Fragments of Exodus; [33][27]
4QLev-Numa Leviticus–Numbers 4Q23 Leviticus 13:32–33; 14:22–34, 40–54; 15:10–11, 19–24; 16:15–29;... 27:5–13;...35:4–5 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Leviticus [27][34]
4QLevb Leviticus 4Q24 Leviticus 1:11–17; 2:1–15; 3:1, 8–14; 21:17–20, 24; 22:1–33; 23:1–25, 40; 24:2–23; 25:28–29, 45–49, 51–52 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Leviticus [35][36]
4QLevc 4Q25 Leviticus 1:1–7; 3:16–4:6, 12–14, 23–28; 5:12–13; 8:26–28 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman Fragments of Leviticus [37][38]
4QLevd 4Q26 Leviticus 14:27–29, 33–36; 15:20–24; 17:2–11 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman Fragments of Leviticus [37][39]
4QLeve 4Q26a Leviticus 2:4–6, 11–18; 3:2–4,5–8; 19:34–37; 20:1–3, 27–21:4, 9–12, 21–24; 22:4–6, 11–17 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman Fragments of Leviticus [5][37]
4QLevg 4Q26b Leviticus 7:19–26 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman Fragments of Leviticus [5][37]
4QNumb Numbers 4Q27 Numbers 11:31–12:11; 13:7–24; 15:41–16:11, 14–16; 17:12–17; 18:25–19:6; 20:12–13,16–17,19–29; 21:1–2,12–13; 22:5–21, 31–34, 37–38, 41–23:6,13–15,21–22, 27–24:10; 25:4–8,16–18; 26:1–5,7–10,12,14–34,62–27:5,7–8,10,18–19,21–23; 28:13–17,28,30–31; 29:10–13,16–18,26–30; 30:1–3,5–9,15–16; 31:2–6, 21–25, 30–33,35–36,38,43–44,46–32:1,7–10,13–17,19,23–30,35,37–39,41; 33:1–4,23,25,28,31,45,47–48,50–52; 34:4–9,19–21,23; 35:3–5,12,14–15,18–25,27–28, 33–36:2,4–7 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Numbers. A few lines are written in red ink [37][40]
4QDeuta Deuteronomy 4Q28 Deuteronomy 23:26–24:8 Hebrew 175–150 BCE

Transitional: Archaic to Hasmonean

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][37][42]
4QDeutb 4Q29 Deuteronomy 29:24–27; 30:3–14; 31:9–17,24–30, 32:1–3 Hebrew 150–100 BCE

Early Hasmonean

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][37][43]
4QDeutc 4Q30 Deuteronomy 3:25–26; 4:13–17,31–32; 7:3–4; 8:1–5; 9:11–12, 17–19,29; 10:1–2,5–8; 11:2–4,9–13,18–19; 12:18–19,26,30–31; 13:5–7,11–12,16; 15:1–5,15–19; 16:2–3,5–11,20–17:7,15–18:1; 26:19— 27:2,24–28:14,18–20,22–25,29–30,48–50,61; 29:17–19; 31:16–19; 32:3 Hebrew 150–100 BCE

Hasmonean

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][44]
4QDeutd 4Q31 Deuteronomy 2:24–33; 3:14–29; 4:1 Hebrew 124–75 BCE

Middle Hasmonean

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][45]
4QDeute 4Q32 Deuteronomy 3:24; 7:12–16,21–26; 8:1–16 Hebrew 50–25 BCE

Late Hasmonean

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][45]
4QDeutf 4Q33 Deuteronomy 4:23–27; 7:22–26; 8:2–14; 9:6–7; 17:17–18; 18:6–10,18–22; 19:17–21; 20:1–6; 21:4–12; 22:12–19; 23:21–26; 24:2–7; 25:3–9; 26:18–27:10 Hebrew 75–50 BCE

Late Hasmonean

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][45]
4QDeutg 4Q34 Deuteronomy 9:12–14; 23:18–20; 24:16–22; 25:1–5,14–19; 26:1–5; 28:21–25,27–29 Hebrew 1–25 CE

Middle Herodian

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][45]
4QDeuth 4Q35 Deuteronomy 1:1–17,22–23,29–41,43–2:6,28–30; 19:21; 31:9–11; 33:9–22 Hebrew 50–1 BCE

Transitional: Hasmonean to Early Herodian

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][45]
4QDeuti 4Q36 Deuteronomy 20:9–13; 21:23; 22:1–9; 23:6–8, 12–16, 22–26; 24:1 Hebrew 100–50 BCE

Late Hasmonean

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][45]
4QDeutj 4Q37 Exodus 12:43–44, 46–51; 13:1–5; Deuteronomy 5:1–11, 13–15, 21–33; 6:1–3; 8:5–10; 11:6–10, 12–13; 30:17–18; 32:7–8 Hebrew 50 CE

Late Herodian

Fragments of Exodus and Deuteronomy [41][45]
4QDeutk1 4Q38 Deuteronomy 5:28–31; 11:6–13; 32:17–18, 22–23, 25–27 Hebrew 30–1 BCE

Early Herodian

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][45][46]
4QDeutk2 4Q38a Deuteronomy 19: 8–16; 20: 6–19; 21:16; 23:22–26; 24:1–3; 25:19; 26:1–5, 18–19; 27:1 Hebrew 30–1 BCE

Early Herodian

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][45][46]
4QDeutk3 4Q38b Deuteronomy 30: 16–18 Hebrew 50 CE

Late Herodian

Fragments of Deuteronomy [47][46]
4QDeutl 4Q39 Deuteronomy 10:1,14–15; 28:67–68; 29:2–5; 31:12; 33:1–2; 34:4–6,8 Hebrew 50 CE

Late Hasmonean

Fragments of Deuteronomy about choosing Life or Death [41][47]
4QDeutm 4Q40 Deuteronomy 3:18–22; 4:32–33; 7:18–22 Hebrew 50–1 BCE

Transitional: Hasmonean to Herodian

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][47]
4QDeutn All Souls Deuteronomy 4Q41 Deuteronomy 5:1–33; 6:1; 8:5–10 Hebrew 30–1 BCE

Early Herodian

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][47]
4QDeuto Deuteronomy 4Q42 Deuteronomy 2:8; 4:30–34; 5:1–5, 8–9; 28:15–18, 33–36, 47–52, 58–62; 29:22–25 Hebrew 75–50 BCE

Late Hasmonean

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][47]
4QDeutp 4Q43 Deuteronomy 6:4–11 Hebrew 75–50 BCE

Late Hasmonean

Fragments of Deuteronomy about Loving God [41][47]
4QDeutq 4Q44 Deuteronomy 32:9–10, 37–43 Hebrew 50 BCE–25 CE

Late Hasmonean or Early Herodian

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][47]
4QpaleoDeutr Paleo-Deuteronomy 4Q45 Deuteronomy 7:2–7, 16–25; 11:28,30–12:1,11–12; 13:19; 14:19–22, 26–29; 15:5–6, 8–10; 19:2–3; 21:8–9; 22:3–6,12–15; 28:15–18, 20; 30:7–8; 32:2–8,10–11,13–14, 33–35; 33:2–8, 29; 34:1–2 Hebrew 100–25 BCE

Paleo-Hebrew script

Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][47]
4QpaleoDeuts 4Q46 Deuteronomy 26:14–15 Hebrew 250–200 BCE

Archaic Paleo-Hebrew script

Fragments of Deuteronomy about giving Tithes [41][47]
4QJosha Joshua 4Q47 Joshua 8:34–35; 5:?,2–7; 6:5–10; 7:12–17; 8:3–14, 18?; 10:2–5, 8–11. Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Joshua [47][48]
4QJoshb 4Q48 Joshua 2:11–12; 3:15–16; 4:1–3; 17:11–15 [49][50]
4QJudga Judges 4Q49 Judges 6:2–6, 11–13 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Judges [51][52]
4QJudgb 4Q50 Judges 19:5–7; 21:12–25 [51][53]
4QSama Samuel 4Q51 1 Samuel 1:9, 11–13, 17–18, 22–26, 28; 2:1–10,16–36; 3:1–4,18–21; 4:9–12; 5:8–12; 6:1–7,12–13,16–18,20–21; 7:1; 8:9–20; 9:6–8,11–12,16–24; 10:3–18,25–27; 11:1,7–12; 12:7–8,14–19; 14:24–25,28–34,47–51; 15:24–32; 17:3–6; 24:4–5,8–9,14–23; 25:3–12,20–21,25–26,39–40; 26:10–12,21–23; 27:8–12; 28:1–2,22–25; 30:28–30; 31:2–4; 2 Samuel 2:5–16,25–27,29–32; 3:1–8,23–39; 4:1–4,9–12; 5:1–3,6–16; 6:2–9,12–18; 7:23–29; 8:2–8; 10:4–7,18–19; 11:2–12,16–20; 12:4–5,8–9,13–20,30–31; 13:1–6,13–34,36–39; 14:1–3,18–19; 15:1–6,27–31; 16:1–2,11–13,17–18,21–23; 18:2–7,9–11; 19:7–12; 20:2–3,9–14,23–26; 21:1–2,4–6,15–17; 22:30–51; 23:1–6; 24:16–20 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel [51][54]
4QSamb 4Q52 1 Samuel 16:1–11; 19:10–17; 20:27–42; 21:1–10; 23:9–17 Hebrew Early Hellenistic Fragments of 1 Samuel [51][55]
4QSamc 4Q53 1 Samuel 25:30–32; 2 Samuel 14:7–33; 15:1–15 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel [51][56]
4QKgs Kings 4Q54 1 Kings 7:31–41; 8:1–9,16–18 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of 1 Kings [51][57]
4QIsaa Isaiah 4Q55 Isaiah 1:1–3; 2:7–10; 4:5–6; 6:4–7; 11:12–15; 12:4–6; 13:4–6; 17:9–14; 19:9–14; 20:1–6; 21:1–2,4–16; 22:13–25; 23:1–12 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Isaiah [58][59]
4QIsab 4Q56 Isaiah 1:1–6; 2:3–16; 3:14–22; 5:15–28; 9:10–11; 11:7–9; 12:2; 13:3–18; 17:8–14; 18:1,5–7; 19:1–25; 20:1–4; 21:11–14; 22:24–25; 24:2; 26:1–5,7–19; 35:9–10; 36:1–2; 37:2932; 39:1–8; 40:1–4,22–26; 41:8–11; 43:12–15; 44:19–28; 45:20–25; 46:1–3; 49:21–23; 51:14–16; 52:2,7; 53:11–12; 61:1–3; 64:5–11; 65:1; 66:24 Hebrew Herodian [58][60]
4QIsac 4Q57 Isaiah 9:3–12; 10:23–32; 11:4–11,15–16; 12:1; 14:1–5,13; 22:10–14; 23:8–18; 24:1–15,19–23; 25:1–2,8–12; 30:8–17; 33:2–8,16–23; 45:1–4,6–13; 48:10–13,17–19; 50:7–11; 51:1–16; 52:10–15; 53:1–3,6–8; 54:3–17; 55:1–6; 66:20–24 Hebrew [58][61]
4QIsad 4Q58 Isaiah 46:10–13; 47:1–6,8–9; 48:8–22; 49:1–15; 52:4–7; 53:8–12; 54:1–11; 57:9–21; 58:1–3,5–7 Hebrew [58][62]
4QIsae 4Q59 Isaiah 2:1–4; 7:17–20; 8:2–14; 9:17–20; 10:1–10; 11:14–15; 12:1–6; 13:1–4; 14:1–13,20–24; 59:15–16 Hebrew [58][63]
4QIsaf 4Q60 Isaiah 1:10–16,18–31; 2:1–3; 5:13–14, 25; 6:3–8,10–13; 7:16–18,23–25; 8:1,4–11; 20:4–6; 22:14–22,25; 24:1–3; 27:1,5–6,8–12; 28:6–9,16–18,22,24; 29:8 Hebrew Hasmonean [58][64]
4QIsag 4Q61 Isaiah 42:14–25; 43:1–4,17–24 Hebrew Herodian [58][65]
4QIsah 4Q61 Isaiah 42:4–11 Hebrew Herodian [58]
4QIsai 4Q62 Isaiah 56:7–8; 57:5–8 Hebrew Hasmonean [66][67]
4QIsaj 4Q63 Isaiah 1:1–6 Hebrew Herodian [66][68]
4QIsak 4Q64 Isaiah 28:26–29:9 Hebrew Hasmonean [66][69]
4QIsal 4Q65 Isaiah 7:14–15; 8:11–14 Hebrew Hasmonean [66][70]
4QIsam 4Q66 Isaiah 60:20–61:1,3–6 Hebrew Hasmonean [66][71]
4QIsan Isaiah 4Q67 Isaiah 58:13–14 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Isaiah, including elements on punishment (4Q67) and God's blessings for his people (4Q67, 4Q69a). [66][72]
4QIsao 4Q68 Isaiah 14:28–15:2 [66][73]
4QIsap 4Q69 Isaiah 5:28–30 Hebrew Hasmonean [66][74][75]
4QIsaq 4Q69a Isaiah 54:10–13 [66][75]
4QIsar 4Q69b Isaiah 30:23 [66][75]
4QJera Jeremiah 4Q70 Jeremiah 6:30?, 7:1–2, 15–19, 28–9:2, 7–15; 10:9–14, 23; 11:3–6, 19–20; 12:3–7, 13–16, 17; 13:1–7, 22–23? [or 22:3], 27; 14:4–7; 15:1–2; 17:8–26; 18:15–23; 19:1; 20:14–18; 21:1?; 22:3–16; 26:10? Hebrew 200 BCE – 1 BCE Fragments of Jeremiah [66][76][77]
4QJerb 4Q71 Jeremiah 9:22–25; 10:1–21 [76][77][78]
4QJerc 4Q72 Jeremiah 4:5, 13–16; 8:1–3, 21–23; 9:1–5; 10:12–13; 19:8–9; 20:2–5, 7–9, 13–15; 21:7–10; 22:4–6, 10–28; 25:7–8,15–17, 24–26; 26:10–13; 27:1–3, 13–15; 30:6–9, [10–17], 17–24; 31:1–14, 19–26; 33:?, 16–20 [76][77][78]
4QJerd (olim 4QJerb) 4Q72a Jeremiah 43:2–10 [76][77][78]
4QJere (olim 4QJerb) 4Q72b Jeremiah 50:4–6 [76][77][78]
4QEzea Ezekiel 4Q73 Ezekiel 10:5–16, 17–22; 11:1–11; 23:14–15, 17–18, 44–47; 41:3–6 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Ezekiel [78][79]
4QEzeb 4Q74 Ezekiel 1:10–13, 16–17, 19–24 [78][80][81]
4QEzec 4Q75 Ezekiel 24:2–3 [78][82]
4QXIIa The Twelve Minor Prophets 4Q76 Zechariah 14:18; Malachi 2:10–3:24; Jonah 1:1–5, 7–2:1, 7; 3:2 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of the Twelve Minor Prophets [78][83]
4QXIIb 4Q77 Zephaniah 1:1–2; 2:13–15; 3:19–20; Haggai 1:1–2; 2:2–4 [78][84]
4QXIIc 4Q78 Hosea 2:13–15; 3:2–4; 4:1–19; 5:1; 7:12–13; 13:3–10, 15; 14:1–6; Joel 1:10–20; 2:1, 8–23; 4:6–21; Amos 1:1?; 2:11–16; 3:1–15; 4:1–2; 6:13–14; 7:1–16; Zephaniah 2:15; 3:1–2; Malachi 3:6–7? [78][85]
4QXIId 4Q79 Hosea 1:6–2:5 [86][87]
4QXIIe 4Q80 Haggai 2:18–19, 20–21; Zechariah 1:4–6, 8–10, 13–15; 2:10–14; 3:2–10; 4:1–4; 5:8–6:5; 8:2–4, 6–7, 12:7–12 [86][88]
4QXIIf 4Q81 Jonah 1:6–8, 10–16; Micah 5:1–2 [86][89]
4QXIIg 4Q82 Hosea 2:1–5,14–19, 22–25; 3:1–5; 4:1, 10–11, 13–14; 6:3–4, 8–11; 7:1, 12–13, 13–16; 8:1; 9:1–4, 9–17; 10:1–14; 11:2–5, 6–11; 12:1–15; 13:1, 6–8?, 11–13; 14:9–10; Joel 1:12–14; 2:2–13 4:4–9, 11–14, 17, 19–20; Amos 1:3–15; 2:1, 7–9, 15–16; 3:1–2; 4:4–9; 5:1–2, 9–18; 6:1–4, 6–14; 7:1, 7–12, 14–17; 8:1–5, 11–14; 9:1, 5–6, 14–15; Obadiah 1–5, 8–12, 14–15; Jonah 1:1–9; 2:3–11; 3:1–3; 4:5–11; Micah 1:7,

12–15; 2:3–4; 3:12; 4:1–2; 5:6–7 (7–8); 7:2–3, 20; Nahum 1:7–9; 2:9–11; 3:1–3, 17; Habakkuk 2:4?; Zephaniah 3:3–5; Zechariah 10:11–12; 11:1–2; 12:1–3

[86][90]
4QPsa Psalms 4Q83 Psalm 5:9–13; 6:1–4; 25:15; 31:24–25; 33:1–12; 35:2,14–20,26–28; 36:1–9; 38:2–12,16–23; 47:2; 53:4–7; 54:1–6; 56:4; 62:13; 63:2–4; 66:16–20; 67:1–7; 69:1–19; 71:1–14 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Psalms. [86][91]
4QPsb 4Q84 Psalm 91:5–8,12–15; 92:4–8,13–15; 93:5; 94:1–4,8–14,17–18,21–22; 96:2; 98:4; 99:5–6; 100:1–2; 102:5,10–29; 103:1–6,9–14,20–21; 112:4–5; 113:1; 115:2–3; 116:17–19; 118:1–3,6–11,18–20,23–26,29 Hebrew Herodian [86][92]
4QPsc & 4QPst[n 1] 4Q85 / 4Q98c Psalm 16:7–9; 18:3–14,16–18,33–41; 27:12–14; 28:1–2,4; 35:27–28; 37:18–19; 45:8–11; 49:1–17; 50:14–23; 51:1–5; 52:6–11; 53:1 Psalm 88:15–17 Hebrew Herodian [86] [93][94][95]
4QPsd 4Q86 Psalm 146:10; 147:1–3,13–17,20; 104:1–5,8–11,14–15,22–25,33–35 Hebrew Hasmonean [96][97]
4QPse 4Q87 Psalm 76:10–12; 77:1; 78:6–7,31–33; 81:2–3; 86:10–11; 88:1–4; 89:44–46,50–53; 104:1–3,20–21; 105:22–24,36–45; 109:13; 115:15–18; 116:1–3; 120:6; 125:2–5; 126:1–5; 129:8; 130:1–3 Hebrew Herodian [96][98]
4QPsf 4Q88 Psalm 22:14–17; 107:2–4,8–11,13–15,18–19,22–30,35; 109:4–6, 25–28; Apostrophe to Zion; Apostrophe to Judah; Eschatological Hymn Hebrew Hasmonean [96][99]
4QPsg 4Q89 Psalm 119:37–43,44–46,49–50,73,81–83,90 Hebrew Herodian [96][100]
4QPsh 4Q90 Psalm 119:10–21 Hebrew Herodian [96][101]
4QPsj 4Q91 Psalm 48:1–7; 49:6,9–12,15,17 Hebrew Herodian [96][102]
4QPsk 4Q92 Psalm 26:7–12; 27:1; 30:9–13; 135:7–16; Hebrew Hasmonean [96][103]
4QPsl 4Q93 Psalm 104:3–5,11–12 Hebrew Herodian [96][104]
4QPsm 4Q94 Psalm 93:3–5; 95:3–6; 97:6–9; 98:4–8 Hebrew Herodian [96][105]
4QPsn 4Q95 Psalm 135:6–9,11–12; 136:23–24 Hebrew Herodian [106][93]
4QPso 4Q96 Psalm 114:7; 115:1–2,4; 116:3, 5, 7–10 Hebrew Herodian [93][107]
4QPsp (olim 4Q237) 4Q97 Psalm 143:2–4, 6–8 Hebrew Herodian [93][108]
4QPsq Psalms 4Q98 Psalm 31:24–25; 33:1–18; 35:4–20 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Psalms, including elements on putting one's hope in God (4Q98d), the earth shaking at the presence of God (4Q98e), the blessings of God's Children and the struggle of the wicked (4Q98f). [93]
4QPsr 4Q98a Psalm 26:7–12; 27:1; 30:9–13 [93][109]
4QPss 4Q98b Psalm 5:8–13; 6:1 [93]
*4QPst (see 4QPsc) *4Q98c Psalm 88:15–17 [93]
4QPsu 4Q98d Psalm 42:5 [93]
4QPsv (olim 4QPsu frg. 2) 4Q98e Psalm 99:1 [93]
4QPsw 4Q98f Psalm 112:1–9 [93]
4QPsx (olim 4Q236) 4Q98g Psalm 89:20–22, 26, 23, 27–28, 31 [93]
4QJoba Job 4Q99 Job 31:14–19; 32:3–4; 33:10–11, 24–26, 28–30; 35:16; 36:7–11, 13–27, 32–33; 37:1–5, 14–15 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Job [110]

[111]

4QJobb 4Q100 Job 8:15–17; 9:27; 13:4; 14:4–6; 31:20–21 Herodian [111][112]

4Q101–4Q200

Fragment or scroll identifier Fragment or scroll name Alternative identifier English Bible Association Language Date/script Description Reference
4QpaleoJobc Paleo-Job 4Q101 Job 13:18–20, 23–27; 14:13–18 Hebrew Early Hellenistic; Paleo-Hebrew script Fragment of Job [111][113]
4QProva Proverbs 4Q102 Proverbs 1:27–33; 2:1 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Proverbs [111][114]
4QProvb 4Q103 Proverbs 13:6–9; 14:5–10, 12–13, 31–35; 15:1–8, 19–31; 7:9, 11? Hebrew Herodian [111][115]
4QRutha Ruth 4Q104 Ruth 1:1–12 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Ruth [111][116]
4QRuthb 4Q105 Ruth 1:1–6, 12–15 Hebrew Herodian [111][117]
4QCanta Canticles (Song of Songs) 4Q106 Song of Songs 3:4–5, 7–11; 4:1–7; 6:11?–12; 7:1–7 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Pesher on Song of Songs/Canticles, including an introduction (4Q106). [111][118]
4QCantb 4Q107 Song of Songs 2:9–17; 3:1–2, 5, 9–11; 4:1–3, 8–11, 14–16; 5:1 Hebrew Herodian [111][119]
4QCantc 4Q108 Song of Songs 3:7–8 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [111][120]
4QQoha Ecclesiastes 4Q109 Ecclesiastes 5:13–17; 6:1?,3–8,12; 7:1–10,19–20 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Ecclesiastes [121][122]
4QQohb 4Q110 Ecclesiastes 1:10–15 Hebrew Herodian [121][123]
4QLam Lamentations 4Q111 Lamentations 1:1–15, 17, 16, 18; 2:5 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of Lamentations [121][124]
4QDana Daniel 4Q112 Daniel 1:16–20; 2:9–11, 19–49; 3:1–2; 4:29–30; 5:5–7, 12–14, 16–19; 7:5–7, 25–28; 8:1–5; 10:16–20; 11:13–16 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Daniel [121][125]
4QDanb 4Q113 Daniel 5:10–12, 14–16, 19–22; 6:8–22, 27–29; 7:1–6, 11?, 26–28; 8:1–8, 13–16 Hebrew Herodian [121][126]
4QDanc 4Q114 Daniel 10:5–9, 11–16, 21; 11:1–2, 13–17, 25–29 Hebrew Hasmonean [121][127]
4QDand 4Q115 Daniel 3:8–10?, 23–25; 4:5–9, 12–16; 7:15–23 Hebrew Herodian [121][128]
4QDane 4Q116 Daniel 9:12–17 Hebrew Hasmonean [121][129]
4QEzra Ezra 4Q117 Ezra 4:2–6, 9–11; 5:17; 6:1–5 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Ezra-Nehemiah [121][130]
4QChr/4QChron Chronicles 4Q118 2 Chronicles 28:27; 29:1–3 Hebrew Herodian Fragments of 2 Chronicles [121][131]
4QLXXLeva gr Septuagint Leviticus 4Q119 Leviticus 26:2–16 Greek Hasmonean Fragments of Leviticus [132][133]
4QpapLXXLevb/ pap4QLXXLevb gr 4Q120 Leviticus 1:11; 2:3–5, 7–8?; 3:4, 7, 9–14; 4:3–4, 6–8, 10–11, 18–19, 26–28, 30; 5:6, 8–10, 16–24; [6:1–5] Greek Hasmonean 97 fragments of Leviticus. Contains ΙΑΩ for the tetragrammaton [132][134]
4QLXXNumb gr Septuagint Numbers 4Q121 Numbers 3:40–43,50–51?; 4:1?,5–9,11–16; 3:39? Greek Herodian Fragments of Numbers [132][135]
4QLXXDeut gr Septuagint Deuteronomy 4Q122 Deuteronomy 11:4 Greek Early Hellenistic Fragments of Deuteronomy [41][132][136]
4QpaleoparaJosh Paraphrase on Joshua 4Q123 Joshua Hebrew Paleo-Hebrew script "Rewritten Joshua" [132][137]
4QUnid gr Unidentified text 4Q126 — Greek Herodian Fragmentary religious text [138][139]
4Qpap paraExod / pap4QParaExod gr Paraphrase on Exodus 4Q127 Exodus Greek Herodian "Rewritten Exodus" [132][140]
4Qphyla Phylactery Scrolls 4Q128 Deuteronomy 5:1–14,27–6:3; 10:12–11:21; Exodus 12:43–13:7 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman Fragments of Deuteronomy and Exodus. [41][141][142]
4Qphylb 4Q129 Exodus 13:9–16 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][143][144]
4Qphylc 4Q130 Exodus 13:13–16; Deuteronomy 6:4–9; 11:13–21 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][143][145]
4Qphyld 4Q131 Deuteronomy 11:13–21 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][143][146]
4Qphyle 4Q132 Exodus 13:1–10 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [143][147]
4Qphylf 4Q133 Exodus 13:11–16 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [143][148]
4Qphylg 4Q134 Deuteronomy 5:1–21; Exodus 13:11–12 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][143][149]
4Qphylh 4Q135 Deuteronomy 5:22–6:5; Exodus 13:14–16 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][143][150]
4Qphyli 4Q136 Deuteronomy 6:6–7; 11:13–21; Exodus 12:43–13:10 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][143][151]
4Qphylj (olim 4Qphyla) 4Q137 Deuteronomy 5:24–32; 6:2–3 Hebrew [41][143]
4Qphylk 4Q138 Deuteronomy 10:12–11:17 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][152][153]
4Qphyll 4Q139 Deuteronomy 5:7–24 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][152][154]
4Qphylm 4Q140 Exodus 12:44–13:10; Deuteronomy 5:33–6:5 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][152][155]
4Qphyln 4Q141 Deuteronomy 32:14–20, 32–33 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][152][156]
4Qphylo 4Q142 Deuteronomy 5:1–16, 6:7–9 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][152][157]
4Qphylp 4Q143 Deuteronomy 10:22–11:3,18–21 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][152][158]
4Qphylq 4Q144 Exodus 13:4–9; Deuteronomy 11:4–18 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][152][159]
4Qphylr 4Q145 Exodus 13:1–10 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [152][160]
4QPhyls 4Q146 Deuteronomy 11:19–21 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [41][152][161]
4Qphylt 4Q147 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman Could not be deciphered [152][162]
4Qphylu 4Q148 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [152][163]
4QMeza Mezuzah Scrolls 4Q149 Hebrew Hasmonean Fragments of Exodus and Deuteronomy [164][165]
4QMezb 4Q150 Deuteronomy 6:5–6; 10:14–11:2 Hebrew Herodian [166][167]
4QMezc 4Q151 Deuteronomy 5:27–6:9; 10:12–20 Hebrew Herodian [166][168]
4QMezd 4Q152 Deuteronomy 6:5–7 Hebrew Herodian [166][169]
4QMeze 4Q153 Deuteronomy 11:17–18 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [166][170]
4QMezf 4Q154 Deuteronomy 13:1–4 Hebrew Hasmonean [166][171]
4QMezg 4Q155 Hebrew Hellenistic-Roman [166][172]
4QtgLev Targum of Leviticus 4Q156 Leviticus 16:12–15,18–21 Aramaic Hasmonean Fragments of Leviticus [173][174]
4QtgJob Targum of Job 4Q157 Job 3:5–6; 4:17–5:4 Aramaic Herodian Fragments of Job [173][175][176]
4QRPa Reworked Pentateuch A 4Q158 Genesis 32:25–30; 32:31 ?; Exodus 3:12; 4:27–28; 19:17–23; 24:4–6; 20:12–17,19–21 (Samaritan), 22–26; 21:15–25, 32–37; 22:1–13; 30:32.34; Deuteronomy 5:30–31; 21:1–10 Hebrew Herodian Reworked Pentateuch [41][177][178][179]
4QOrdinancesa Ordinances A 4Q159 Hebrew Herodian Non-biblical composition [179][180]
4QVisSam Vision of Samuel 4Q160 Hebrew Hasmonean Non-biblical composition [179][181]
4QpIsaiaha Pesher on Isaiah 4Q161 Hebrew Herodian Non-biblical composition [182]
4QpIsaiahb 4Q162 Hebrew Herodian Non-biblical composition [183]
4QpHosA Pesher on Hosea A 4Q166 Hebrew Herodian Hosea Commentary Scroll [184][185][186]
4QpHosB Pesher on Hosea B 4Q167 Hebrew Herodian [185][187]
4QpMic(?) Pesher on Micah? 4Q168 Hebrew Herodian Micah Commentary? [185][188]
4QpNah Pesher on Nahum 4Q169 Nahum 1:3–6; 2:12–14; 3:1–5, 6–9, 10–12, 14 Hebrew Herodian Containing the term "The Seekers after Smooth Things" [185][189]
4Q Eschatological Commentary A Florilegium or Midrash on the Last Days 4Q174 2 Samuel 7:10–14 (1 Chronicles 17:9–13); Exodus 15:17–18; Amos 9:11; Psalm 1:1; Isaiah 8:11; Ezekiel 37:23?; Psalm 2:1; Daniel 12:10; 11:32; Deuteronomy 33:8–11, 12, 19–21 Hebrew Herodian Quotations from biblical passages with midrashic commentary [190][191]
4QTest Testimonia 4Q175 Deuteronomy 5:28–29; 18:18–19; 33:8–11

Numbers 24:15–17 Joshua 6:26, quoted in Psalms of Joshua (4Q379, frag. 22)

Hebrew Herodian; Hasmonean script A list of quotations; Messianic Anthology or Testimonia [41][190][192]
4QapocrLamA Apocryphal Lamentations A 4Q179 Lamentations Hebrew Herodian cf. 4Q501 [193]
4Q Horoscope Physiognomies/Horoscopes 4Q186 Hebrew Herodian [194]
4QpapTobita Tobit 4Q196 Tobit Aramaic Hasmonean On Papyrus. cf. 4Q501 [195]
4QTobitb Tobit 4Q197 Tobit Aramaic Herodian cf. 4Q501 [196]
4QTobitc Tobit 4Q198 Tobit Aramaic Hasmonean cf. 4Q501 [197]
4QTobitd Tobit 4Q199 Tobit Aramaic Hasmonean cf. 4Q501 [198]
4QTobite Tobit 4Q200 Tobit Hebrew Herodian cf. 4Q501 [199]

4Q201–4Q300

Fragment or scroll identifier Fragment or scroll name Alternative identifier English Bible Association Language Date/script Description Reference
4QEna The Enoch Scroll 4Q201a Aramaic Hasmonean [184][200]
4QALD / 4QLevia-f ar The Aramaic Levi Document (ALD) 4Q213 4Q213a 4Q213b 4Q214 4Q214a 4Q214b Aramaic Hasmonean Multiple compositions [201]
4QTNaph Testament of Naphtali 4Q215 Hebrew Herodian [202][203]
4QCanta(?) Pesher on Canticles/Song of Songs 4Q240 Song of Songs Hebrew Herodian Included in Milik's original list, but this fragment has never been located [204]
4QapocrDan Aramaic Apocalypse or The Son of God Text 4Q246 Aramaic Herodian [205]
4QCommentary on Gen A /4QCommGenA Commentary/Pesher on Genesis 4Q252 Genesis 6:3; 7:10–8:18; 9:24–27; 11:31; 15:9, 17, 17:20?; 18:31–32 (with Deuteronomy 13:16, 17; 20:11, 14); 22:10–12; 28:3–4; 36:12; 49:3–4, 10 (with Jeremiah 33:17), 20–21 Hebrew Herodian Fragments/ commentary of Genesis. [206][207]
4QCommentary on Gen B /4QCommGenB 4Q253 Genesis Hebrew Herodian [206][208]
4QCommentary on Gen C /4QCommGenC 4Q254 Genesis 9:24–25; 22:5?, 17? Hebrew Herodian [206][209]
4QCommentary on Gen D (olim 4QpGenc) 4Q254a–820 Genesis 6:15 Hebrew Herodian [206][210]
4QSd Serekh ha-Yahad or Community Rule 4Q258 Hebrew Herodian cf. 1QSd [211]
4QD The Damascus Document 4Q265–273 Hebrew Hasmonean cf. 4QDa/g = 4Q266/272, 4QDa/e = 4Q266/270, 5Q12, 6Q15, 4Q265–73 [5]
4Q Sefer ha-Milhamah Rule of War 4Q285 Hebrew Herodian cf. 11Q14 [212]
4QMysta The Book of Mysteries
The Book of Secrets 		4Q299 Hebrew Herodian [213]
4QMystb 4Q300 Hebrew Herodian [214]

4Q301–

Fragment or scroll identifier Fragment or scroll name Alternative identifier English Bible Association Language Date/script Description Reference
4QMystc The Book of Mysteries
The Book of Secrets 		4Q301 Hebrew Herodian [215]
4QRPb Reworked Pentateuch 4Q364 Genesis 25:18–21; 26:7–8; 27:39; 28:6; 29:32–33; 30:8–14,26–36; 31:47–53; 32:18–20,26–30; 34:2; 35:28; 37:7–8; 38:14–21; 44:30–34; 45:1,21–27; 48:14–15; Exodus 21:14–22; 19:17; 24:12–14,18; 25:1–2; 26:1,33–35; Numbers 14:16–20; 33:31–49; 20:17–18; Deuteronomy 2:8–14, 30–37; 3:2,18–23; 9:6–7,12–18, 21–25,27–29; 10:1–4, 6–7, 10–13,22; 11:1–2,6–9,23–24; 14:24–26 Hebrew Late Hasmonean or Herodian Reworked Pentateuch [41][177][216][217]
4QRPc 4Q365 Exodus 8:13–19; 9:9–12; 10:19–20; 14:10,12–21; 15:6-[21],22–26; 17:3–5; 18:13–16; 26:34–36; 28:16–20; 29:20–22; 30:27–38; 31:1–2; 35:[2]–5; 36:32–38; 37:29; 38:1–7; 39:1–19; Leviticus 11:1[3],17-[25],32-[33],[39]-[46]; 13:6–8,15-[19],51–52; 16:6–7; 18:[25]-[29]; 23:42–44; 24:1–2; 25:7–9; 26:17–32; 27:34; Numbers 1:1–5; 3:26–30; 4:47–49; 7:1,78–80; 8:11–12; 9:15–23; 10:1-[4]; 13:[11]–25,[28]–30; 15:26-[29]; 17:20–24; 27:11; 36:1–2; Deuteronomy 2:24; 19:20–21; 20:1 Hebrew Late Hasmonean/ Early Herodian [41][177][218][219]
4QRPd 4Q366 Exodus 21;35–37; 22:1–5; Leviticus 24:20–22; 25:39–43; Numbers 29:14-[25], 32–39; 30:1; Deuteronomy 16:13–14; 14:[13]–21 Hebrew Herodian [41][177][218][220]
4QRPe 4Q367 Leviticus 11:47; 12:1–8; 13:1; 15:14–15; 19:1–4,9–15; 20:13; 27:30–34 Hebrew Hasmonean [177][218][221]
4QapocrJosha Apocryphon of Joshua 4Q378 Hebrew Herodian Texts drawing on the content of Joshua, Exodus and Numbers. [222]
4QapocrJoshb 4Q379 Hebrew Hasmonean [223]
4QpsEzek Pseudo-Ezekiel 4Q385
4Q385b
4Q385c
4Q386
4Q388
4Q391 		Hebrew Herodian [224]
4QMMT /4Q Cal.Doc.D Miqsat Ma'ase Ha-Torah or Some Precepts of the Law or the Halakhic Letter 4Q394–399 Hebrew Herodian [225]
4Q Non-Canonical Psalms A Songs of Sabbath Sacrifice or the Angelic Liturgy 4Q400–407 Hebrew Hasmonean cf. 11Q5–6 [226]
4QInstruction Sapiential Work A 4Q415–418 Hebrew Herodian [5]
4QParaphrase Paraphrase of Genesis and Exodus Hebrew
4Q Barkhi Nafshia Barkhi Nafshi – Apocryphal Psalms 4Q434 Hebrew Herodian 15 fragments: likely hymns of thanksgiving praising God for his power and expressing thanks [227]
4Q Apocr. Psalm and Prayer Hymn to King Jonathan or The Prayer For King Jonathan Scroll 4Q448 Psalms 154 Hebrew Hasmonean In addition to parts of Psalms 154 it contains a prayer mentioning "King Jonathan". [5]
4QpapGen or papJub pap-Genesis or pap-Jubilees 4Q483 Genesis 1:28–29, or Book of Jubilees Hebrew Herodian [228]
4QShira-b Songs of the Sage
or Songs of the Maskil 		4Q510–511 Hebrew Herodian [5]
4Q Messianic Apocalypse Messianic Apocalypse 4Q521 Hebrew Hasmonean Made up of two fragments [229]
4Q Jonathan 4Q523 Hebrew Hasmonean MeKleine Fragmente, z.T. gesetzlichen Inhalts; Fragment is legal in content. PAM number, 41.944 [230][231]
4QTempleScrollb Temple Scroll 4Q524 Hebrew Hasmonean [5][232]
4QBeatitudes 4Q525 Sirach 25:10;[233] Matthew 5:3 –12 (Beatitudes) Hebrew Herodian [5]
4Q TJoseph Testament of Joseph 4Q539 Aramaic Hasmonean [234]
4QapocrLevi(?)b Testament of Levid 4Q541 Aramaic Hasmonean Aramaic frag. also called "4QApocryphon of Levib ar" [235]
4QTKohath (4QTQahat) Testament of Qahat 4Q542 Aramaic Hasmonean [236]
4QNJc New Jerusalem 4Q555 Aramaic Herodian cf. 1Q32, 2Q24, 5Q15, 11Q18 [237]
4QGenn Genesis 4Q576 Genesis 34:7–10; 50:3 Hebrew Hasmonean [5]
Unnumbered Hebrew Nine unopened fragments recently rediscovered in storage [238]

Gallery

  • Dead Sea Scroll, Pesher Isaiah, from Qumran Cave 4. The Jordan Museum, Amman
    Dead Sea Scroll, Pesher Isaiah, from Qumran Cave 4. The Jordan Museum, Amman
  • Dead Sea Scroll 109, Qohelet or Ecclesiastes, from Qumran Cave 4. The Jordan Museum, Amman
    Dead Sea Scroll 109, Qohelet or Ecclesiastes, from Qumran Cave 4. The Jordan Museum, Amman
  • Dead Sea Scroll 175, Testimonia, from Qumran Cave 4. The Jordan Museum, Amman
    Dead Sea Scroll 175, Testimonia, from Qumran Cave 4. The Jordan Museum, Amman

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In 2022, D. Longacre and B. Strawn demonstrated this small fragment to be part of the larger manuscript 4QPsc, as opposed to a separate manuscript of the Psalms.

References

  1. ^ VanderKam, James C., The Dead Sea Scrolls Today, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994. pp. 10–11.
  2. ^ Milik (1957). "Dix ans de découverte dans le désert de Juda" | Discoveries in the Judaean Desert; Milik (1976). The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments Qumran Cave 4 with the collaboration of Black M.
  3. ^ Tov, Emanuel (2010). Revised Lists of the Texts from the Judaean Desert. Brill. ISBN 9789047443797.
  4. ^ "Shrine Of The Book – The Digital Dead Sea Scrolls".
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Leon Levy Collection". Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library. Israel Antiquities Authority. Retrieved 2015-01-22.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Fitzmyer 2008, p. 29.
  7. ^ 4Q1 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  8. ^ 4Q2 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  9. ^ 4Q3 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  10. ^ 4Q4 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  11. ^ 4Q5 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  12. ^ 4Q6 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  13. ^ 4Q7 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Fitzmyer 2008, p. 30.
  15. ^ 4Q8 4QGen h1 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  16. ^ 4Q8 4QGen h2 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  17. ^ 4Q8 4QGen h-para at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  18. ^ 4Q8 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  19. ^ 4Q9 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  20. ^ 4Q10 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  21. ^ 4Q11 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  22. ^ 4Q12 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  23. ^ 4Q13 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  24. ^ a b 4Q14 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  25. ^ 4Q15 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  26. ^ Martinez and Tigchelaar, The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition (Brill 1997): page 246
  27. ^ a b c d e f g Fitzmyer 2008, p. 31.
  28. ^ 4Q17 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  29. ^ 4Q18 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  30. ^ 4Q19 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  31. ^ 4Q20 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  32. ^ 4Q21 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  33. ^ 4Q22 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  34. ^ 4Q23 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  35. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 31–32.
  36. ^ 4Q24 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  37. ^ a b c d e f g Fitzmyer 2008, p. 32.
  38. ^ 4Q25 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  39. ^ 4Q26 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  40. ^ 4Q27 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap OakTree Software, Inc. Accordance 10: Bible Software. 2008.
  42. ^ 4Q28 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  43. ^ 4Q29 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  44. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 32–33.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h i Fitzmyer 2008, p. 33.
  46. ^ a b c 4Q38 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library. Accessed 20 May 2013
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fitzmyer 2008, p. 34.
  48. ^ 4Q47 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  49. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 34–35.
  50. ^ 4Q48 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  51. ^ a b c d e f Fitzmyer 2008, p. 35.
  52. ^ 4Q49 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  53. ^ 4Q50 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  54. ^ 4Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  55. ^ 4Q52 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  56. ^ 4Q53 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  57. ^ 4Q54 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  58. ^ a b c d e f g h Fitzmyer 2008, p. 36.
  59. ^ 4Q55 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  60. ^ 4Q56 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  61. ^ 4Q57 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  62. ^ 4Q58 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  63. ^ 4Q59 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  64. ^ 4Q60 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  65. ^ 4Q61 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  66. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Fitzmyer 2008, p. 37.
  67. ^ 4Q62 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  68. ^ 4Q63 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  69. ^ 4Q64 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  70. ^ 4Q65 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  71. ^ 4Q66 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  72. ^ 4Q67 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  73. ^ 4Q68 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  74. ^ 4Q69 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  75. ^ a b c Martinez and Tigchelaar, The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition (Brill 1997): page 270
  76. ^ a b c d e Schiffman, Lawrence; VanderKam, James (2008). Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195084504.
  77. ^ a b c d e Flint, Peter (2013). The Dead Sea Scrolls. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press. p. 68. ISBN 9780687494491.
  78. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fitzmyer 2008, p. 38.
  79. ^ 4Q73 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  80. ^ 4Q74 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  81. ^ Sanderson 1997. DJD 15: 215–218.
  82. ^ 4Q75 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  83. ^ 4Q76 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  84. ^ 4Q77 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  85. ^ 4Q78 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  86. ^ a b c d e f g Fitzmyer 2008, p. 39.
  87. ^ 4Q79 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  88. ^ 4Q80 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  89. ^ 4Q81 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  90. ^ 4Q82 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  91. ^ 4Q83 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  92. ^ 4Q84 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  93. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Fitzmyer 2008, p. 41.
  94. ^ 4Q85 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  95. ^ Longacre, Drew, and Brent A. Strawn. "A New Identification of a Psalm Manuscript from Qumran: 4Q85 + 4Q98c", Dead Sea Discoveries, doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10037
  96. ^ a b c d e f g h i Fitzmyer 2008, p. 40.
  97. ^ 4Q86 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  98. ^ 4Q87 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  99. ^ 4Q88 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  100. ^ 4Q89 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  101. ^ 4Q90 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  102. ^ 4Q91 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  103. ^ 4Q92 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  104. ^ 4Q93 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  105. ^ 4Q94 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  106. ^ 4Q95 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  107. ^ 4Q96 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  108. ^ 4Q97 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  109. ^ 4Q98 4QPsr at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  110. ^ 4Q99 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  111. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fitzmyer 2008, p. 42.
  112. ^ 4Q100 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  113. ^ 4Q101 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  114. ^ 4Q102 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  115. ^ 4Q103 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  116. ^ 4Q104 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  117. ^ 4Q105 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  118. ^ 4Q106 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  119. ^ 4Q107 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  120. ^ 4Q108 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  121. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Fitzmyer 2008, p. 43.
  122. ^ 4Q109 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  123. ^ 4Q110 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  124. ^ 4Q111 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  125. ^ 4Q112 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  126. ^ 4Q113 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  127. ^ 4Q114 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  128. ^ 4Q115 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  129. ^ 4Q116 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  130. ^ 4Q117 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  131. ^ 4Q118 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  132. ^ a b c d e f Fitzmyer 2008, p. 44.
  133. ^ 4Q119 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  134. ^ 4Q120 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  135. ^ 4Q121 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  136. ^ 4Q122 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  137. ^ 4Q123 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  138. ^ Tov, Emanuel; et al. (The Greek Biblical Texts from the Judean Desert) (2008). "23". Hebrew Bible, Greek Bible and Qumran: Collected Essays. Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism. Vol. 121. Mohr Siebeck. p. 346. ISBN 9783161495465.
  139. ^ 4Q126 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  140. ^ 4Q127 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  141. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 44–45.
  142. ^ 4Q128 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  143. ^ a b c d e f g h i Fitzmyer 2008, p. 45.
  144. ^ 4Q129 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  145. ^ 4Q130 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  146. ^ 4Q131 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  147. ^ 4Q132 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  148. ^ 4Q133 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  149. ^ 4Q134 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  150. ^ 4Q135 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  151. ^ 4Q136 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  152. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Fitzmyer 2008, p. 46.
  153. ^ 4Q138 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  154. ^ 4Q139 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  155. ^ 4Q140 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  156. ^ 4Q141 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  157. ^ 4Q142 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  158. ^ 4Q143 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  159. ^ 4Q144 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  160. ^ 4Q145 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  161. ^ 4Q146 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  162. ^ 4Q147 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  163. ^ 4Q148 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  164. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 46–47.
  165. ^ 4Q149 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  166. ^ a b c d e f Fitzmyer 2008, p. 47.
  167. ^ 4Q150 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  168. ^ 4Q151 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  169. ^ 4Q152 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  170. ^ 4Q153 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  171. ^ 4Q154 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  172. ^ 4Q155 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  173. ^ a b Wise, Michael O.; Abegg, Martin G.; Cook, Edward M. (2005). The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. p. 577. ISBN 9780060766627.
  174. ^ 4Q156 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  175. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 47–48.
  176. ^ 4Q157 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  177. ^ a b c d e Martinez and Tigchelaar, The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition (Brill 1997): page 305ff
  178. ^ 4Q158 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  179. ^ a b c Fitzmyer 2008, p. 48.
  180. ^ 4Q159 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  181. ^ 4Q160 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  182. ^ 4Q161 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  183. ^ 4Q162 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  184. ^ a b "The Qumran Library: Scrolls". Library of Congress.
  185. ^ a b c d Fitzmyer 2008, p. 49.
  186. ^ 4Q166 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  187. ^ 4Q167 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  188. ^ 4Q168 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  189. ^ 4Q169 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  190. ^ a b Fitzmyer 2008, p. 50.
  191. ^ 4Q174 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  192. ^ 4Q175 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  193. ^ 4Q179 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  194. ^ 4Q186 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  195. ^ 4Q196 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  196. ^ 4Q197 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  197. ^ 4Q198 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  198. ^ 4Q199 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  199. ^ 4Q200 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  200. ^ 4Q201 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  201. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, pp. 54–55.
  202. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 55.
  203. ^ 4Q215 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  204. ^ Gault, Brian P. (2010) "Fragments of Canticles at Qumran". Revue de Qumran. p.352
  205. ^ 4Q246 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  206. ^ a b c d Fitzmyer 2008, p. 62.
  207. ^ 4Q252 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  208. ^ 4Q253 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  209. ^ 4Q254 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  210. ^ 4Q254a-820 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  211. ^ 4Q258 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  212. ^ 4Q285 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  213. ^ 4Q299 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  214. ^ 4Q300 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  215. ^ 4Q301 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  216. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 74.
  217. ^ 4Q364 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  218. ^ a b c Fitzmyer 2008, p. 75.
  219. ^ 4Q365 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  220. ^ 4Q366 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  221. ^ 4Q367 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  222. ^ 4Q378 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  223. ^ 4Q379 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  224. ^ 4Q385 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  225. ^ 4Q394 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  226. ^ 4Q400 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  227. ^ 4Q434 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  228. ^ 4Q483 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  229. ^ 4Q521 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  230. ^ Buitenwerf, Rieuwerd, The Gog and Magog Tradition in Revelation 20:8, in, H. J. de Jonge, Johannes Tromp, eds., The book of Ezekiel and its influence, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007, p.172; scheduled to be published in Charlesworth's edition, volume 9
  231. ^ 4Q523 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  232. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 98.
  233. ^ Collins, J. J., 44. Ecclesiasticus, or The Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach, in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary, p. 684
  234. ^ 4Q539 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  235. ^ 4Q541 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  236. ^ 4Q542 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  237. ^ 4Q555 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  238. ^ "Uncovered in Jerusalem, 9 tiny unopened Dead Sea Scrolls". The Times of Israel.

Bibliography

  • Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802862419.

Further reading

  • Van de Water, Rick (2000). "Reconsidering Palaeographic and Radiocarbon Dating of the Dead Sea Scrolls". Revue de Qumran. 19 (fascicle 3) (75). Gabalda, in affiliation with the National Center for Scientific Research: 423–439. ISSN 0035-1725.

External links

  • A Catalog of Biblical Passages in the Dead Sea Scrolls by David Washburn, 2002
  • Textual Criticism: Recovering the Text of the Hebrew Bible by Peter Kyle McCarter, 1986
  • v
  • t
  • e
Texts
PlacesIssuesScholarsOther