List of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa
List of saltwater mollusc species that form a part of the molluscan fauna of South Africa
The list of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa is a list of saltwater mollusc species that form a part of the molluscan fauna of South Africa. This list does not include the land or freshwater molluscs.
This is a sub-list of the list of marine gastropods of South Africa, which is in turn a sub-list of the list of marine molluscs of South Africa.
Heterobranchia, the heterobranchs (meaning "different-gilled snails"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks.
Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Currently Heterobranchia comprises three informal groups: the lower heterobranchs, the opisthobranchs and the pulmonates. (Full article...)
Heterobranchia
- Variegated sundial shell Heliacus variegatus (Gmelin, 1791) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[1]
Siphonariidae - False limpets
- Siphonaria annaea Tomlin, 1944 (Durban northwards)[1]
- Cape False limpet Siphonaria capensis Quoy and Gaimard (Namibia to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1]
- Siphonaria compressa Allanson, 1958[2]
- Siphonaria concinna Sowerby, 1824 (Cape Point to Zululand)[1]
- Siphonaria nigerrima Smith, 1903 (Zululand to Mozambique)[1]
- Siphonaria oculus Krauss, 1848 (Cape Point to Zululand)[1]
- Siphonaria serrata Fischer, 1807 (Saldanha Bay to Zululand)[1]
- Siphonaria tenuicostulata Smith, 1903 (Durban to Mozambique)[1]
- Ringicula turtoni Bartsch, 1915[3]
- Acteon fortis Thiele, 1925[3]
- Acteon flammeus (Gmelin, 1791)[3]
- Acteon pudicus (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Rictaxis albis (Sowerby, 1873)[3]
- Japonacteon sp.[3]
- Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Pupa niecaensis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
- Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758)[3]
- Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791)[3]
- Pupa suturalis (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Pupa tessellata (Reeve, 1842)[3]
- Polka-dot bubble shell Micromelo undata (Brughiere, 1792) (Transkei to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Striped bubble shell Hydatina physis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Hydatina amplustre (Linnaeus, 1758)[3]
- Hydatina velum (Gmelin, 1791)[3]
- Hydatina albocincta (van der Hoeven, 1811)[3]
- Cylichnella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)[3]
- Cylichnella meridionalis (Smith, 1902)[3]
- Cylichnella miniscula (Turton, 1932)[3]
- Cylichnella natalensis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
- Cylichnella nitens (Smith, 1872)[3]
- Cylichnella smithi (Bartsch, 1915)[3]
- Cylichna africana Bartsch, 1915[3]
- Cylichna bistriata Tomlin, 1920[3]
- Cylichna dulcis Thiele. 1925[3]
- Cylichna nitens Smith, 1903[3]
- Cylichna remissa Smith, 1890[3]
- Cylichna tubulosa Gould, 1859[3]
- Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels. 1841)[3]
- Retusa agulhasensis Thiele, 1925[3]
- Retusa natalensis Barnard, 1963[3]
- Retusa sp. cf. nicobarica Thiele, 1925[3]
- Retusa sp. cf. semen Thiele, 1925[3]
- Retusa truncatula Bruguiere, 1792[3]
- Volvulella mutabilis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
- Volvulella pia (Thiele, 1925)[3]
- Volvulella rostrata (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Sand slug Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767) (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)[1][3][4][5]
- Philine berghi Smith, 1910[3]
- Gastropteron flavobrunneum Gosliner, 1984[3]
- Gastropteron alboaurantium Gosliner, 1984[3]
- Slipper slug Philinopsis capensis (Bergh, 1907)[3][5]
- Philinopsis dubia (O'Donoghue, 1929)[3]
- Philinopsis cyanea(Martens, 1879)[3]
- Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938[3]
- Chelidonura hurundinina (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)[3]
- Atys cylindrica (Heibling, 1779)[3]
- Green bubble shell Haminoea alfredensis Bartsch, 1915 (Namaqualand to Eastern Cape)[1][3]
- Haminoea natalensis (Krauss, 1848) (KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Roxania utriculus (Brocchi, 1814)[3]
- Smaragdinella sieboldi A. Adams, 1864[3]
- Smaragdinella calyculata (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829)[3]
- Phenerophthalmus smaragdinus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1831)[3]
- Metaruncina sp.[3]
- Bulla ampulla (Linnaeus 1758)[3]
- Limacina bulimoides (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854 - mentioned in traditional views as Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774)[3] (cf.[6])
- Limacina inflata (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Limacina lesueurii (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Limacina trochiformis (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Cavolinia gibbosa (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Cavolinia globosa (Gray, 1850)[3]
- Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 1813)[3]
- Cavolinia tridentata (Niebuhr, 1775)[3]
- Clio andreae (Boas, 1886)[3]
- Clio chaptalii Gray, 1850[3]
- Clio cuspidata (Bosc, 1802)[3]
- Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767[3]
- Creseis acicula (Rang, 1828)[3]
- Creseis virgula (Rang, 1828)[3]
- Cuvierina columnella (Rang, 1827)[3]
- Diacria quadridentata (Blainville, 1821)[3]
- Diacria trispinosa (Blainville, 1821)[3]
- Styliola subula (Quoy and Gaimard, 1827)[3]
- Cymbulia sibogae Tesch, 1903[3]
- Gleba cordata Niebuhr, 1776[3]
- Desmopterus papilio Chun 1889[3]
Gymnosomata
- Clione limacina (Phipps, 1774) (Pelagic northern and southern hemispheres)[3] (southern hemisphere may be a distinct species, Clione antarctica)[7]
- Spongiobranchaea australis (d'Orbigny, 1836)[3] (Pelagic, southern hemisphere)[8]
Anaspidea
- Akera soluta (Gmelin 1791)[3]
- Dwarf sea hare Aplysia parvula Morch, 1863[1][3][4][5]
- Spotted sea hare Aplysia oculifera Adams and Reeve, 1850 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3][5]
- Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828[1][3]
- Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828[3]
- Variable sea hare Aplysia juliana Quoy and Gaimard, 1832[3][5]
- Shaggy sea hare Bursatella leachi leachi (Blainville. 1817) (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Shaggy sea hare Bursatella leachi africana (Engel, 1927)[3][4][5]
- Wedge sea hare Dolabella auricularia (Solander, 1786) (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828)[3]
- Paraplysia lowii Gilchrist, 1900[3]
- Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy and Gaimard 1824)[3]
Sacoglossa
- Lobiger souverbiei Fischer, 1856[3]
- Lophopleurella capensis (Thiele, 1912)[3]
- Oxynoe viridis (Pease, 1861)[3]
- Oxynoe sp.[3]
- Berthelinia schlumbergeri Dautzenberg, 1895[3]
- Julia zebra Kawaguti, 1981[3]
- Elysia halimedae Macnae, 1954[3]
- Elysia marginata (Pease, 1871)[3]
- Elysia moebii (Bergh, 1888)[3]
- Elysia livida Baba, 1955[3]
- Elysia rufescens (Pease, 1871)[3]
- Elysia vatae Risbec, 1928[3]
- Elysia virgata (Bergh, 1888)[3]
- Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia viridis (Montagu, 1804) (Namaqualand to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia sp.[4][5] This may be the same species as listed above as E. viridis. There may be question of identification.
- Elysia spp. (7)[3]
- Dendritic nudibranch Placida dendritica (Alder & Hancock, 1843)[3][5]
- Stiliger ornatus Ehrenberg, 1831[3]
- Mourgona sp.[3]
- Polybranchia orientalis (Kelaart, 1858) - cited as Phyllobranchillus orientalis[3]
- Table Bay nudibranch Aplysiopsis sinusmensalis (Macnae, 1954)[3][5]
Notaspidea
- Tylodina alfredensis Turton, 1932[3]
- Umbrella pleurobranch[1] Umbraculum sinicum (Gmelin, 1783) (transkei to Mozambique)[3]
- Berthella plumula (Montagu, 1803)[3]
- Berthella tupala Marcus, 1957[3]
- Berthella sp.[3]
- Lemon pleurobranch Berthellina citrina (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (Cape Point to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Lemon pleurobranch Berthellina granulata (Krauss, 1848) [4][5] (This may replace previous entry B. citrina)
- Euselenops luniceps (Cuvier, 1817)[3]
- Pleurobranchaea algoensis Thiele, 1925[3]
- Pleurobranchaea brockii Bergh, 1897[3]
- Pleurobranchaea melanopus Bergh, 1907[3]
- Pleurobranchaea pleurobrancheana (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Dwarf warty pleurobranch Pleurobranchaea tarda Verrill, 1880[3][4][5]
- Warty pleurobranch Pleurobranchaea bubala Marcus and Gosliner, 1984 (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Pleurobranchella nicobarica Thiele, 1925[3]
- Mosaic pleurobranch Pleurobranchus albiguttatus (Bergh, 1905) [4][5]
- Pleurobranchus disceptus O'Donoghue, 1929[3]
- Pleurobranchus inhacae Macnae, 1962[3]
- Pleurobranchus moebii Vayssiere, 1898[3]
- Pleurobranchus nigropunctatus (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Pleurobranchus papillosa (O'Donoghue, 1929)[3]
- Pleurobranchus peroni Cuvier, 1804[3]
- Pleurobranchus perrieri Vayssiere, 1896[3]
- Pleurobranchus sculptata (O'Donoghue, 1929)[3]
- Pleurobranchus xhosa Macnae, 1962[3]
Nudibranchia - Nudibranchs
- Doridoxa benthalis Barnard, 1963[3]
- Aldisa benguelae Gosliner, 1985[3]
- Three-spot nudibranch Aldisa trimaculata Gosliner, 1985[3][4][5]
- ?Alloiodoris inhacae O'Donoghue, 1929[3]
- Archidoris capensis Bergh, 1907[3]
- Archidoris scripta Bergh, 1907[3]
- Rugby ball dorid or Spined dorid Atagema rugosa Pruvot-Fol, 1951[3][4][5]
- Atagema gibba Pruvot-Fol, 1951[3]
- Warty dorid Doris verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758 Orange river to Eastern Cape[1][3][4][5]
- Doris granosa (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Doris spp. (2)[3]
- Doriopsis pecten (Collingwood, 1881)[3]
- ? Ocellate dorid Gargamella sp.1[3][5]
- ?Gargamella sp.2[3]
- Velvet dorid Jorunna tomentosa (Cuvier, 1804)[3][5]
- Dotted nudibranch Jorunna zania (Transkei to northern KwaZulu-Natal)Marcus 1976[1][3]
The following four species are listed as incertae sedis by Gosliner:[3]
- Doris natalensis Krauss, 1848
- Doris pseudida Bergh, 1907
- Doris perplexa Bergh, 1907
- Doris glabella Bergh, 1907
- Hallaxa sp.[3]
- Saddled nudibranch Cadlina sp.1[3][5]
- Brown-dotted nudibranch Cadlina sp.2[3][4][5]
- Cadlina sp.3[3]
- Cadlina sp.4[3]
- Cadlinella ornatissima (Risbec, 1928)[9]
- Ceratosoma cornigerum (Adams and Reeve, 1850)[3]
- Inkspot nudibranch or Lipstick nudibranch Ceratosoma ingozi Gosliner, 1996[3][4][5]
- Ceratosoma tenue Abraham, 1876[9]
- Chromodoris africana Eliot 1904[3][9]
- Chromodoris albolimbata Bergh, 1907[3]
- Chromodoris alderi Collingwood, 1881[3]
- Polka-dot chromodorid Chromodoris annulata Eliot 1904 (Transkei to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Chromodoris boucheti Rudman, 1982[9]
- Chromodoris conchyliata Yonow, 1984[9]
- Chromodoris euelpis Bergh, 1907[3]
- Chromodoris fidelis Kelaart, 1858[9]
- Chromodoris geminus Rudman, 1987[9]
- Chromodoris cf. geminus[9]
- Chromodoris geometrica Risbec, 1928[3][9]
- Chromodoris hamiltoni Rudman, 1977[3][9]
- Red-spotted nudibranch or Heather's nudibranch Chromodoris heatherae Gosliner, 1994[4][5]
- Chromodoris inopinata Bergh, 1905[3]
- Chromodoris marginata Pease, 1860[3]
- Chromodoris porcata Bergh, 1888[3]
- Chromodoris tinctoria (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828)[9]
- Gaudy chromodorid Chromodoris vicina Eliot, 1904 (Central to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Chromodoris spp. (7)[3]
- Durvilledoris lemniscata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832)[3]
- Glossodoris atromarginata (Cuvier 1804)[3][9]
- Glossodoris cincta (Bergh, 1888)[9]
- Glossodoris pallida (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1830)[9]
- Glossodoris symmetricus Rudman, 1990[9]
- Glossodoris undaurum Rudman, 1985[9]
- Glossodoris spp. (4)[3]
- Hypselodoris bullockii (Collingwood, 1881)[9]
- Cape dorid Hypselodoris capensis (Barnard, 1927) (Cape Columbine to Transkei)[1][3][4][5]
- Hypselodoris carnea (Bergh, 1889)[3][9]
- Hypselodoris fucata Gosliner & Johnson, 1999[9]
- Mottled dorid Hypselodoris infucata (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (Central KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871)[9]
- Hypselodoris maridadilus Rudman, 1977[3]
- Hypselodoris rudmani Gosliner and Johnson, 1999[9]
- Hypselodoris spp. (3) [3]
- Hypselodoris sp.[9]
- Noumea varians (Pease, 1871)[3]
- Noumea purpurea Baba, 1949[3]
- Protea nudibranch Noumea protea Gosliner, 1994 [3][5]
- Risbecia pulchella (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828)[3][9]
- Thorunna horologia Rudman, 1984[3][9]
- Discodoris coerulescens Bergh, 1888[3]
- Discodoris fragilis (Alder and Hancock, 1864)[3]
- Small-spot dorid Discodoris sp.1[3][5]
- Discodoris sp.2[3]
- Blotchy dorid Geitodoris capensis Bergh, 1907[3][5]
- Anisodoris sp. (2)[3]
- Thordisa burnupi Eliot, 1910[3]
- Thordisa punctifera Bergh, 1907[3]
- Thordisa spp. (2)[3]
- ? Variable dorid Aphelodoris brunnea Bergh, 1907[5](needs confirmation in Discodorididae)
- ? Chocolate-chip nudibranch Aphelodoris sp. 1[4][5]
- ? Brown-spotted nudibranch Aphelodoris sp. 2[4][5]
- ? Spiky nudibranch Aphelodoris sp.3[4][5]
- ?Sclerodoris apiculata (Alder and Hancock, 1864)[3](needs confirmation in Discodorididae)
- ?Sclerodoris coriacea (Eliot, 1904)[3](see above)
- ?Sclerodoris sp.[3](see above)
- ?Artachaea sp,[3](see above)
- Halgerda carlsoni Rudman, 1928[9]
- Halgerda dichromis Fahey and Gosliner, 1999[9]
- Halgerda tessellata Bergh, 1880[9]
- Halgerda toliara Fahey and Gosliner, 1999[9]
- Halgerda wasinensis Eliot, 1904[3]
- Halgerda formosa Bergh, 1880[3]
- Halgerda punctata Farran, 1902[3]
- Rostanga muscula (Abraham, 1877)[3]
- Red sponge nudibranch or Orange dorid Rostanga elandsia Garovoy, Valdes & Gosliner, 2001[3][4][5]
- Rostanga phepha Garovoy, Valdés & Gosliner, 2001
- Ceratophyllidia africana Eliot, 1903[3]
- Phyllidia ocellata Cuvier, 1804[9]
- Ridged nudibranch[1] Phyllidia varicosa Lamarck, 1801 (Central KwaZulu_Natal to Mozambique)[3][9](P. coelestis? (Bergh 1905))
- Phyllidiella zeylanica (Kelaart, 1859)[3][9]
- Phyllidia sp.[3]
- Blue-speckled nudibranch Dendrodoris caesia (Bergh, 1907)[3][4][5]
- Dendrodoris callosa (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Tan dorid Dendrodoris capensis (Bergh, 1907)[3][5]
- Dendrodoris denisoni (Angas, 1864)[3][9]
- Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855)[3]
- Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaart, 1858)[3]
- Dendrodoris spp. (3)[3]
- Scribbled nudibranch Doriopsilla miniata (Alder and Hancock, 1864)[3][4][5]
- White-spotted nudibranch Doriopsilla capensis Bergh, 1907[4]
- Doriopsilla spp. (2)[3]
- Mandela's nudibranch Mandelia mirocornata Valdes & Gosliner, 1999[3][4][5]
- Fluffy nudibranch Acanthodoris planca[3][4][5]
- Diaphodoris sp.[3]
- Crazed nudibranch Corambe sp.[3][4]
- Giraffe spot nudibranch Ancula sp.[3][4][5]
- Tugboat nudibranch Goniodoris mercurialis Macnae, 1958[3][5]
- Goniodoris castanea Alder and Hancock, 1845[3]
- Goniodoris ovata Barnard, 1934[3]
- Goniodoris sp.[3]
- Fiery nudibranch Okenia amoenula (Bergh, 1907)[3][4][5]
- Okenia sp.[3]
- White lined nudibranch Trapania sp.1[3][5]
- Trapania sp.(2)[3]
- Crimora sp.[3]
- Kalinga ornata Alder and Hancock, 1864[3]
- Tasseled nudibranch Kaloplocamus ramosus (Cantraine, 1835)[3][4][5]
- Orange-clubbed nudibranch Limacia clavigera (Muller, 1776) (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Nembrotha livingstonei Allan, 1933[3]
- Nembrotha purpureolineata O'Donoghue, 1924[3]
- Plocamopherus apheles (Barnard, 1927)[10]
- Plocamopherus maculatus (Pease, 1860)[3]
- Plocamopherus sp.[3]
- Crowned nudibranch Polycera capensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Polycera hedgpethi Marcus, 1964[3]
- Four lined nudibranch Polycera quadrilineata (Muller, 1776)[3][4]
- Polycera sp.[3] (not same as Twin crowned or Orange lined crowned)
- Twin-crowned nudibranch Polycera sp.1[4][5]
- Orange lined crowned nudibranch Polycera sp.2[5]
- Roboastra gracilis (Bergh, 1877)[3]
- Roboastra luteolineata (Baba, 1936)[3]
- Black nudibranch Tambja capensis (Bergh, 1907) (Cape Point to Tsitsikamma)[1][3][4][5]
- Tambja morosa (Bergh, 1877)[3]
- Tambja sp.[3]
- Thecacera pacifica (Bergh, 1883)[3]
- Thecacera pennigera (Montagu, 1804)[3]
- Thecacera sp.[3]
- Knobbly nudibranch Aegires ninguis Fahey & Gosliner, 2004[3][4][5]
- Gymnodoris alba (Bergh, 1877)[3]
- Gymnodoris ceylonica (Kelaart, 1858)[3]
- Gymnodoris inornata (Bergh, 1880)[3]
- Gymnodoris okinawae Baba, 1936[3]
- Gymnodoris spp. (2)[3]
- Ghost nudibranch Lecithophorus capensis Macnae, 1958[3][4][5]
- Lecithophorus sp.[3]
- Spanish dancer Hexabranchus sanguineus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (KwaZulu-Natal south coast to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Okadaia elegans Baba 1931[3]
- Frilled nudibranch or Smits nudibranch Leminda millecra Griffiths, 1985[3][4][5]
- Crowned doto Doto africoronata Shipman & Gosliner, 2015[11]
- Feathered doto Doto pinnatifida (Montagu, 1804)[3][4][5]
- Doto rosea Trinchese, 1881[3]
- Embletonia gracilis Risbec, 1928[3]
- Gas flame nudibranch Bonisa nakaza Gosliner, 1981 (Cape Peninsula to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Cape silvertip nudibranch or Silvertip nudibranch Janolus capensis Bergh, 1907 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5][9]
- Medallion silvertip nudibranch Janolus longidentatus Gosliner, 1981[3][4][5]
- Nippled nudibranch Janolus sp. [4]
- Armina berghi Thiele, 1925[3]
- Armina capensis (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Armina euchroa (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Gilchrists sand slug Armina gilchristi (Bergh, 1907)[3][5]
- Armina grisea O'Donoghue, 1927[3]
- Armina microdonta (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Armina natalensis (Bergh, 1866)[3]
- Armina serrata O'Donoghue, 1929[3]
- Armina simoniana Thiele, 1925[3]
- Striped sand slug or Pierre's armina Armina sp.[4][5]
- White-ridged nudibranch Dermatobranchus sp. 1 (Gosliner)[3][4][5]
- Dermatobranchus sp. 2[3]
- Dermatobranchus sp. 3[3]
- Brown ridged nudibranch or narrow ridged nudibranch Dermatobranchus sp. 4 (Gosliner)[3][4][5]
- Whip fan nudibranch Tritonia nilsodhneri Marcus, 1983[3][4][5]
- Tritonia aurantiacum Barnard, 1927[3]
- Tritonia pallida Stimpson, 1854[3]
- Tritonia indecora Bergh, 1907[3]
- Soft coral nudibranch Tritonia sp. 1 (Gosliner)[3][4][5]
- Brush nudibranch Tritonia sp. 2 (Gosliner)[3][4][5]
- Tritoniadoxa capensis Bergh, 1907[3]
- ?Marionia spp. (2)[3] (is Marionia valid and in Tritoniidae?)
- Marionia cyanobranchiata (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1831)[3] (species inquirenda)
- Marianina rosea Pruvot-Fol, 1930[3]
- Bornella adamsii Gray, 1850[3]
- Bornella anguilla Johnson, 1983[3][9]
- Iridescent nudibranch Notobryon wardi Ohdner, 1936 (Namaqualand to Tsitsikamma)[1][3][4][5]
- Scyllaea pelagica Linnaeus, 1758[3]
- Dinosaur nudibranch Melibe liltvedi Gosliner, 1987[3]
- Cowled nudibranch Melibe rosea Rang, 1829 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Melibe pilosa Pease, 1860[3]
- Melibe sp.[3]
- Purple lady Flabellina funeka Gosliner and Griffiths, 1981[3][4][5]
- White-edged nudibranch or Chalk stripe nudibranch Flabellina capensis (Thiele, 1025)[3][4][5]
- Flabellina spp. (3)[3]
- Coryphellina sp.[3]
- Fiona pinnata (Eschscholtz, 1831)[3]
- Eubranchus sp.1[3]
- Eubranchus sp.2[3]
- Eubranchus sp.3[3]
- Fireworks nudibranch Eubranchus sp.4[5]
- Candelabra nudibranch Eubranchus sp.5 (Zsilavecz)[4][5]
- Candy nudibranch Cuthona speciosa (Macnae, 1954)[3][4][5]
- Cuthona ornata Baba, 1937[3]
- Cuthona kanga (Edmunds, 1970)[3]
- Cuthona anulata (Baba, 1949)[3]
- Cuthona spp. (5)[3]
- Yellow candy nudibranch Cuthona sp.6[5]
- Cuthona sp.[9]
- Tergipes tergipes Forskal, 1779[3]
- Catriona casha Gosliner and Griffiths, 1981[3]
- Catriona columbiana O'Donoghue, 1922[3]
- Catriona sp.[3]
- Phestilla melanobrachia Bergh, 1874[3]
- Indian nudibranch Aeolidiella indica Bergh, 1888 (Cape Columbine to central KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3][4][5]
- Aeolidiella alba Risbec, 1928[3]
- Berghia chaka Gosliner, 1985[3]
- Baeolidia palythoae Gosliner, 1985[3]
- Night sky nudibranch Amanda armata Macnae, 1954[3][4][5]
- Caloria indica (Bergh, 1896)[3]
- Black-dot nudibranch Caloria sp. 1[3][4][5]
- Yellow-tipped nudibranch Caloria sp. 2[3][4][5]
- Caloria sp. 3[3]
- Orange eyed nudibranch or White tipped nudibranch Cratena capensis Barnard, 1927 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Cratena simba Edmunds, 1970[3]
- Elegant nudibranch Cratena sp.1[3][5]
- Cratena spp. (+3)[3]
- Echinopsole fulvus Macnae, 1954[3]
- Olive nudibranch Facelina olivacea Macnae, 1954[3][5]
- Facellina annulata Macnae, 1954[3]
- Facellina sp.[3]
- Favorinus japonicus Baba, 1949[3]
- Favorinus ghanensis Edmunds, 1968[3]
- Moridilla brockii (Bergh, 1888)[3]
- Coral nudibranch Phyllodesmium serratum (Baba, 1949) (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Coral nudibranch Phyllodesmium horridum (Macnae, 1954) [4][5] (this may replace previous entry P. serratum)
- Phyllodesmium hyalinum Ehrenberg, 1831[3]
- Phyllodesmium sp. [9]
- Pruvotfolia pselliotes (Labbe, 1923)[3]
- Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas, 1864)[9]
- Four-colour nudibranch Godiva quadricolor (Barnard, 1927) (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Sea swallow Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3][4][5]
Family ?
- Platydoris scabra (Cuvier 1806)[3]
- Platydoris cruenta (Quoy and Gaimard 1932)[3]
- Platydoris sp.[3]
- Wing footed opisthobranchs Cavolinia spp.[1]
Pulmonata
- Airbreathing sea slug Onchidella capensis (Orange river to Cape Point)[1]
- Peronia peronii (Cuvier, 1804) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Branch, G.M. Griffiths, C.L. Branch, M.L. Beckley, L.E. Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. 5th impression, David Philip, Cape Town, 2000. ISBN 0-86486-250-4
- ^ Kilburn R. N. (1996). Siphonaria compressa. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj Gosliner, Terrence. Nudibranchs of southern Africa: A guide to Opisthobranch molluscs of southern Africa Sea Challengers, Monterey, 1987. ISBN 0-930118-13-8
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008. ISBN 978-0-620-41639-9
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz Zsilavecz, Guido. Nudibranchs of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay. SURG, Cape Town, 2007. ISBN 0-620-38054-3
- ^ Hunt, B.; Strugnell, J.; Bednarsek, N.; Linse, K.; Nelson, R. J.; Pakhomov, E.; Seibel, B.; Steinke, D.; Würzberg, L. (2010). "Poles Apart: The "Bipolar" Pteropod Species Limacina helicina Is Genetically Distinct Between the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans"". PLoS ONE. 5 (3): e9835. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9835H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009835. PMC 2847597. PMID 20360985.
- ^ Lalli, C.M. & Gilmer, R.W. (1989) Pelagic Snails. The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California.
- ^ www.itis.gov https://www.itis.gov. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)[title missing] - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak King, Dennis. Fraser, Valda. More reef fishes and nudibranchs: East and south coast of southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town, 2002
- ^ Barnard, K.H. (1927). "South African nudibranch Mollusca, with descriptions of new species, and a note on some specimens from Tristan d'Acunha". Annals of the South African Museum. 25: 171–215 pls. 119–120.
- ^ Shipman, C.; Gosliner, T. (2015). "Molecular and morphological systematics of Doto Oken, 1851 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia), with descriptions of five new species and a new genus". Zootaxa. 3973 (1): 57–101. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.2. PMID 26249713.
Further reading
- Bergh, R. (1907). "The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa". Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society. 17 (1): 1–144. doi:10.1080/21560382.1907.9526085. S2CID 84598844.
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Categories: Biodiversity of South Africa
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