List of monitors of World War II

Ships of World War II
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • X
  • Y
  • Z
  • aircraft carriers
  • battleships
  • battlecruisers
  • cruisers
  • coastal ships
  • monitors
  • destroyers
  • torpedo boats
  • frigates
  • corvettes
  • minor warships
  • mine warfare
  • amphibious warfare
  • submarines
  • auxiliaries
  • classes
    		•
    • v
    • t
    • e

    A monitor is a class of relatively small warship that is lightly armoured, often provided with disproportionately large guns, and originally designed for coastal warfare. The term "monitor" grew to include breastwork monitors, the largest class of riverine warcraft known as river monitors, and was sometimes used as a generic term for any turreted ship. In the early 20th century, the term "monitor" included shallow-draft armoured shore bombardment vessels, particularly those of the Royal Navy: the Lord Clive-class monitors carried guns that fired the heaviest shells ever used at sea and saw action against German targets during World War I. Two small Royal Navy monitors from the First World War, Erebus and Terror survived to fight in the Second World War. When the requirement for shore support and strong shallow-water coastal defence returned, new monitors and variants such as coastal defence ships were built (e.g. the British Roberts-class monitors). Allied monitors saw service in the Mediterranean in support of the British Eighth Army's desert and Italian campaigns. They were part of the offshore bombardment for the Invasion of Normandy in 1944. They were also used to clear the German-mined River Scheldt by the British to utilize the port of Antwerp. The German, Yugoslav, Croatian, Romanian, Hungarian and Czech armed forces operated river monitors that saw combat during World War II.[1][2][3][4]

    The List of ships of the Second World War contains major military vessels of the war, arranged alphabetically and by type. The list includes armed vessels that served during the war and in the immediate aftermath, inclusive of localized ongoing combat operations, garrison surrenders, post-surrender occupation, colony re-occupation, troop and prisoner repatriation, to the end of 1945. For smaller vessels, see also list of World War II ships of less than 1000 tons. Some uncompleted Axis ships are included, out of historic interest. Ships are designated to the country under which they operated for the longest period of the Second World War, regardless of where they were built or previous service history.

    List of monitors of World War II
    Ship Country or organization Class Type Displacement (tons) First commissioned Fate
    Alexandru Lahovari [ru]  Royal Romanian Navy Brătianu river monitor captured by Soviets 2 September 1944, returned 1951, put in reserve 1957, scrapped 1959[5]
    Abercrombie  Royal Navy Roberts monitor 7,850 5 May 1943 scrapped 1954[6]
    Bechelaren  Kriegsmarine river monitor 214 1 August 1932 Originally laid down and commissioned as the President Masaryk for the Czechoslovakian Naval Forces. Captured in 1938 by Germany and renamed Bechelaren. Returned to Czechoslovakia in 1947. scrapped 1978.
    Claverhouse  Royal Navy M15 monitor/training ship 540 July 1915 scrapped 21 April 1959
    Drava  Royal Yugoslav Navy Enns river monitor 536 15 April 1920 scuttled 11 April 1941[7]
    Erebus  Royal Navy Erebus monitor 7,300 2 September 1916 scrapped July 1946
    Flyagin  Soviet Navy Zheleznyakov [ru] river monitor 230 30 December 1936 scuttled 18 September 1941
    GM 194/Biber  Regia Marina
     Kriegsmarine     		monitor/floating battery 2,854 1 April 1917 scrapped 1945-1946
    Ion C. Brătianu [ru]  Royal Romanian Navy Brătianu river monitor captured by Soviets 27 August 1944, returned 1951, put in reserve 1957, scrapped 1959[5]
    Khasan  Soviet Navy Khasan River monitor 1,704 1 December 1942 Originally to be named Lazo, renamed Khasan on 25 September 1940. Scrapped 23 March 1960.
    Lascăr Catargiu  Royal Romanian Navy Brătianu river monitor 680 1907 Built at the Galați Shipyard in Romania,[8] armament during World War II consisted of 3 x 120 mm guns in armoured turrets, 1 x 76 mm AA gun, 2 x 47 mm guns and two machine guns, 75 mm of armor protected the sides, deck, and turrets, sunk 24 August 1944[5]
    Levachev  Soviet Navy Zheleznyakov [ru] river monitor 230 27 October 1936 scuttled 18 September 1941
    Martynov  Soviet Navy Zheleznyakov [ru] river monitor 230 8 December 1936 scuttled 18 September 1941
    Mihail Kogălniceanu  Royal Romanian Navy Brătianu monitor 680 1907 sunk 24 August 1944[5]
    Morava/Bosna  Royal Yugoslav Navy
     Navy of the Independent State of Croatia     		Körös river monitor 448 15 April 1920 scuttled 11 April 1941, raised by Croatia as Bosna, sunk June 1944[9][10]
    Parnaiba  Brazilian Navy river monitor 620 9 March 1938 in service
    Perekop  Soviet Navy Khasan River monitor 1,704 1 December 1942 Originally to be named Simbirtsev, renamed Perekop on 25 September 1940. Scrapped 23 March 1960.
    Roberts  Royal Navy Roberts monitor 8,100 27 October 1941 scrapped June 1965
    Rostovtsev  Soviet Navy Zheleznyakov [ru] river monitor 230 13 May 1937 scuttled 18 September 1941
    Sava  Royal Yugoslav Navy
     Navy of the Independent State of Croatia     		Temes river monitor 440 15 April 1920 scuttled 11 April 1941, raised by Croatia,[7] scuttled 8 September 1944,[11] raised by Yugoslavia, decommissioned 1962[12][13]
    Sivash  Soviet Navy Khasan River monitor 1,704 31 October 1946 Originally to be named Seryshev, renamed Sivash on 25 September 1940. Disarmed and converted to an accommodation ship September 1960. Scrapped 28 February 1968.
    Terror  Royal Navy Erebus monitor 7,300 6 August 1916 sunk 24 February 1941
    Vardar  Royal Yugoslav Navy Sava river monitor 580 15 April 1920 scuttled 11 April 1941
    Zheleznyakov [ru]  Soviet Navy Zheleznyakov [ru] river monitor 230 27 October 1936 Decommissioned 10 September 1960. Preserved as a war memorial 10 July 1967 in Kiev.
    Zhemchuzhin  Soviet Navy Zheleznyakov [ru] river monitor 230 27 October 1936 scuttled 12 August 1941

    References

    1. ^ Carrico (2007).
    2. ^ Friedman (1987).
    3. ^ Konstam (2003).
    4. ^ Churchill (1923).
    5. ^ a b c d Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921. p. 422.[edition needed]
    6. ^ Mason, Geoffrey B. "HMS Abercrombie - Roberts-class 15in gun Monitor". Naval-History.net. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
    7. ^ a b Chesneau (1980), p. 357.
    8. ^ Georgescu, Mihai (1984). "Elisabeta". Warship International. 21 (2): 160.
    9. ^ Chesneau (1980), pp. 357 & 359.
    10. ^ Caruana (1968), p. 333.
    11. ^ Podhorsky (1965), p. 44.
    12. ^ Gardiner (1983), p. 392.
    13. ^ Fox News (2014).

    Bibliography

    • "NavSource Naval History".
    • "Warship that fired first shots of WWI now a gravel barge in Serbia". Fox News. EFE. 14 April 2014. Archived from the original on October 25, 2014.
    • Ader, Clement (2003) [1909]. Military Aviation. Edited and translated by Lee Kennett. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press. ISBN 978-1-58566-118-3.
    • Blackman, Raymond, ed. (1953). Jane's Fighting Ships 1953-54. London, UK: Sampson Low & Marston.
    • Carrico, John M. (2007). Vietnam Ironclads, A Pictorial History of U.S. Navy River Assault Craft, 1966–1970. Brown Water Enterprises. ISBN 978-0-6151-3984-5.
    • Caruana, Joseph (1968). "Yugoslavian monitors". Warship International. 5 (4). Toledo, Ohio: International Naval Research Organization: 333. OCLC 1647131.
    • Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. London, England: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-146-5.
    • Churchill, W. S. (1923). "Chapter XVI: The Channel Ports". The World Crisis 1911–1918. London: Thornton Butterworth. pp. 360–379.
    • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
    • Francillon, René J. (1988). Tonkin Gulf Yacht Club: US Carrier Operations off Vietnam. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-696-1.
    • Friedman, Norman (1983). U.S. Aircraft Carriers: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-739-5.
    • Friedman, Norman (1987). U.S. Small Combatants: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-713-5.
    • Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1983). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1982. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-919-1.
    • Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London, England: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.
    • Hone, Thomas C.; Friedman, Norman & Mandeles, Mark D. (2011). "Innovation in Carrier Aviation". Naval War College Newport Papers (37): 1–171.
    • Konstam, Angus (2003). The Duel of the Ironclads. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-721-2.
    • Melhorn, Charles M. (1974). Two-Block Fox: The Rise of the Aircraft Carrier, 1911–1929. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
    • Nordeen, Lon O. (1985). Air Warfare in the Missile Age. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-58834-083-2.
    • Podhorsky, Rene (February 1965). "The Ships of the Croat Navy". Warship International. 2 (2). Rutland, Massachusetts: International Naval Research Organization: 44–46. ISSN 0043-0374.
    • Polak, Christian (2005). Sabre et Pinceau: Par d'autres Français au Japon (1872–1960) (in French and Japanese). Hiroshi Ueki (植木 浩), Philippe Pons, foreword; 筆と刀・日本の中のもうひとつのフランス (1872–1960). éd. L'Harmattan.
    • Sturtivant, Ray (1990). British Naval Aviation, The Fleet Air Arm, 1917–1990. London, UK: Arms & Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-938-5.
    • Till, Geoffrey (1996). "Adopting the Aircraft Carrier: The British, Japanese, and American Case Studies". In Murray, Williamson; Millet, Allan R. (eds.). Military Innovation in the Interwar Period. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5215-5241-7.
    • Trimble, William F. (1994). Admiral William A. Moffett: Architect of Naval Aviation. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-5609-8320-0.
    • Wadle, Ryan David (2005). United States Navy fleet problems and the development of carrier aviation, 1929–1933 (PDF) (PhD). Texas A&M University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-26.
    • Wise, James E. Jr. (1974). "Catapult Off – Parachute Back". Proceedings. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute.