List of primates

Animals in mammal order Primates

gray lemur sitting on dirt
Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)
brown loris nestled in leaves
Red slender loris (Loris tardigradus)
gray galago on a branch
Northern greater galago (Otolemur garnettii)
brown tarsier clinging to branch
Philippine tarsier (Carlito syrichta)
black monkey in a tree
Red-faced spider monkey (Ateles paniscus)
white baboon with pink face
Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas)
black chimpanzee walking on all fours
Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
two humans standing in grass
Humans (Homo sapiens)
male orangutan face
Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
male silverback western lowland gorilla
Western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)
Map of the world, with parts of South America, Africa, and southeast Asia shaded red
Range and density of non-human primates

Primates is a diverse order of placental mammals which includes monkeys, lemurs, galagos, lorisids, tarsiers, and apes (including humans). Members of this order are called primates. The order currently comprises 502 extant species, which are grouped into 81 genera. The majority of primates live in South and Central America, Africa, and southern and Southeast Asia, in a variety of habitats, particularly forests but also including grasslands, savannas, shrublands, wetlands, deserts, and rocky areas. The exception is humans, which have spread worldwide to every biome. Primates come in a variety of body plans but typically feature large brains, a shoulder girdle allowing a large degree of movement in the shoulder joint, dexterous hands, and tails, sometimes prehensile.[1] They range in size from Margot Marsh's mouse lemur, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 11 cm (4 in) tail, to the eastern gorilla, at 196 cm (77 in), not including limbs. Primates are also the most intelligent animals and non-human primates are recorded to use tools, communicate with gestures and vocalizations, and have complex social systems.[2]

Primates is divided into two suborders: Haplorrhini and Strepsirrhini. The suborders are further subdivided into clades and families. Haplorrhini contains nine families in four major clades: Cercopithecoidea, containing the Old World monkeys of the family Cercopithecidae; Hominoidea, containing the great apes of the family Hominidae and the gibbons of the family Hylobatidae; Platyrrhines, or New World monkeys, divided into the families Aotidae, Atelidae, Callitrichidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae and containing night, howler, spider, woolly, capuchin, squirrel, and saki monkeys, marmosets, and tamarins; and Tarsiiformes, containing the tarsier family Tarsiidae. Strepsirrhini is split between two clades: Lemuroidea, divided into the families Cheirogaleidae (dwarf and mouse lemurs), Daubentoniidae (the aye-aye), Indriidae (wooly lemurs, sifakas, and indri), Lemuridae (lemurs), and Lepilemuridae (sportive lemurs); and Lorisoidea, split between the galago family Galagidae and the loris family Lorisidae. The exact organization of the species is not fixed, with many recent proposals made based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. No species have been recorded as going extinct since 1500 CE, but over 200 species, or more than 40 percent of all primates, are considered endangered or critically endangered.

Conventions

Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the collective range of species in that genera is provided. Ranges are based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

The order Primates consists of 502 extant species belonging to 81 genera. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 81 genera can be grouped into 16 families; these families are divided between two named suborders and are grouped in those suborders into named clades, and some of these families are subdivided into named subfamilies.

Suborder Haplorrhini

Suborder Strepsirrhini

Primates

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[4]

Suborder Haplorrhini

Superfamily Cercopithecoidea

Family Cercopithecidae

Members of the Cercopithecidae family are called cercopithecids, or colloquially Old World monkeys, and include baboons, colobuses, guenons, lutungs, macaques, and other types of monkeys. Cercopithecidae comprises 158 extant species, divided into 23 genera. These genera are grouped into two subfamilies: Cercopithecinae, or cercopithecine monkeys, containing baboon, guenon, macaque, and other monkey species; and Colobinae, or leaf-eating monkeys, containing colobus, lutung, and other monkey species.

Subfamily Cercopithecinae – Gray, 1821 – thirteen genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Allenopithecus

Brown monkey

Lang, 1923

One species
 		Central Africa
Map of range 		Size: 33–51 cm (13–20 in) long, plus 35–52 cm (14–20 in) tail[5]

Habitats: Forest[6]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and small invertebrates[7]
Allochrocebus
(terrestrial guenon)

Gray monkey

Elliot, 1913

Three species
 		Central and west-central Africa Size range: 31–69 cm (12–27 in) long, plus 48–10 cm (19–4 in) tail (L'Hoest's monkey)[8]

Habitats: Grassland and forest[9]

Diets: Fruit, seeds, shoots, leaves, buds, flowers, mushrooms, and invertebrates[8]
Cercocebus
(white-eyelid mangabey)

Gray monkeys

É Geoffroy, 1812

Seven species
 		Equatorial Africa Size range: 40–80 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 45–100 cm (18–39 in) tail (Golden-bellied mangabey)[10]

Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, and savanna[10]

Diets: Invertebrates, fruit, leaves, nuts, seeds, nectar, stems, roots, insects, fungi, grass, and small vertebrates[10]
Cercopithecus
(guenon)

Black, brown, and white monkey

Linnaeus, 1758

Nineteen species
 		Sub-Saharan Africa Size range: 29 cm (11 in) long, plus 57 cm (22 in) tail (Lesser spot-nosed monkey) to 70 cm (28 in) long, plus 109 cm (43 in) tail (Blue monkey)[11]

Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, and savanna[11]

Diets: Fruit, leaves, seeds, shoots, herbs, invertebrates, flowers, buds, tree gum, birds, bird eggs, and small reptiles[11]
Chlorocebus
(vervet monkey)

Brown monkey

Gray, 1870

Seven species
 		Equatorial, eastern, and southern Africa Size range: 34 cm (13 in) long, plus 44 cm (17 in) tail (Malbrouck) to 83 cm (33 in) long, plus 114 cm (45 in) tail (Tantalus monkey)[12]

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna[13]

Diets: Fruit, leaves, flowers, small vertebrates, shoots, stems, roots, insects, bark, gum, eggs, invertebrates, pith, seeds, and mushrooms[12]
Erythrocebus
(patas monkey)

Brown and white monkey

Trouessart, 1897

Three species
 		Equatorial and Eastern Africa Size range: 49 cm (19 in) long, plus 43 cm (17 in) tail (Blue Nile patas monkey) to 70 cm (28 in) long, plus 70 cm (28 in) tail (Common patas monkey)[14]

Habitats: Grassland, forest, shrubland, and savanna[15]

Diets: Fruit, insects, gum, and arthropods, as well as flowers, fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, small vertebrates, and bird eggs[14]
Lophocebus
(crested mangabey)

Black monkey

Palmer, 1903

Two species
 		Central Africa Size range: 44–75 cm (17–30 in) long, plus 57–94 cm (22–37 in) tail (Grey-cheeked mangabey)[16]

Habitats: Forest[16]

Diets: Fruit and seeds[16]
Macaca
(macaque)

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Lacépède, 1799

24 species
 		Southern, southeastern, and eastern Asia, and northwestern Africa Size range: 36 cm (14 in) long, plus 36 cm (14 in) tail (Toque macaque) to 77 cm (30 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Arunachal macaque)[17]

Habitats: Inland wetlands, rocky areas, shrubland, savanna, grassland, forest, intertidal marine, and caves[18]

Diets: Fish, crabs, shellfish, bird eggs, honeycombs, invertebrates, gums, pith, seeds, leaves, flowers, dirt, fungi, and birds[17]
Mandrillus
(mandrill)

Gray and brown monkey

Ritgen, 1824

Two species
  • M. leucophaeus (Drill)
  • M. sphinx (Mandrill, pictured)
Western Africa Size range: 55–95 cm (22–37 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail (Mandrill)[19]

Habitats: Rocky areas, forest, and savanna[19]

Diets: Omnivorous, primarily fruit and seeds[19]
Miopithecus
(talapoin)

Brown monkey

Geoffroy, 1842

Two species
 		Western Africa Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Gabon talapoin) to 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 53 cm (21 in) tail (Angolan talapoin)[20]

Habitats: Inland wetlands and forest[20]

Diets: Insects, leaves, seeds, fruit, water plants, grubs, eggs, and small vertebrates[20]
Papio
(baboon)

Brown monkey

Erxleben, 1777

Six species
 		Sub-Saharan Africa and southwestern Arabian Peninsula Size range: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail (Chacma baboon)[21]

Habitats: Inland wetlands, rocky areas, shrubland, savanna, desert, grassland, and forest[22]

Diets: Fruit, leaves, roots, insects, eggs, small vertebrates, flowers, buds, grass, and seeds[21]
Rungwecebus

Drawing of brown monkey

Davenport, 2006

One species
 		Southeastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 85–90 cm (33–35 in) long, plus about 115 cm (45 in) tail[23]

Habitats: Forest[24]

Diet: Omnivorous, including bulbs, roots, shoots, seeds, and fruit[23]
Theropithecus

Brown monkey

Geoffroy, 1843

One species
 		Eastern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 50–75 cm (20–30 in) long, plus 32–55 cm (13–22 in) tail[25]

Habitats: Grassland and rocky areas[26]

Diet: Leaves and forbs, as well as roots, corms, tubers and rhizomes[26]
Subfamily Colobinae – Jerdon, 1867 – ten genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Colobus
(black-and-white colobus)

Gray monkey

Illiger, 1811

Five species
 		Central Africa and Western Africa Size range: 45–72 cm (18–28 in) long, plus 52–100 cm (20–39 in) tail (King colobus)[27]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[28]

Diets: Leaves, nuts, and seeds, as well as fruit, flowers, buds, stems, bark, shoots, insects, and clay[27]
Nasalis

Brown monkey

É Geoffroy, 1812

One species
 		Borneo
Map of range 		Size: 61–76 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 50–75 cm (20–30 in) tail[29]

Habitats: Forest[30]

Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, and shoots, as well as caterpillars and larvae[31]
Piliocolobus
(red colobus)

Brown, black, and white monkey

Rochebrune, 1887

Sixteen species
 		Congo, and eastern and western Africa Size range: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail (multiple)[32]

Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, and savanna[33]

Diets: Leaves, fruit, shoots, buds, flowers, and seeds, as well as flowers[32]
Presbytis
(surili)

Gray monkey

Eschscholtz, 1821

Nineteen species
 		Southeastern Asia Size range: 42 cm (17 in) long, plus 50 cm (20 in) tail (Black Sumatran langur) to 62 cm (24 in) long, plus 85 cm (33 in) tail (Thomas's langur)[34]

Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, and shrubland[35]

Diets: Fruit, leaves, seeds and flowers, as well as bark, twigs, stalks, birds, bird eggs, algae, and insects[34]
Procolobus

Black-and-white drawing of monkey

Rochebrune, 1877

One species
 		Western Africa
Map of range 		Size: 43–50 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 57–64 cm (22–25 in) tail[36]

Habitats: Forest[37]

Diet: Leaves and flowers[38]
Pygathrix
(douc)

Gray and brown monkey

É Geoffroy, 1812

Three species
 		Southeastern Asia Size range: 60 cm (24 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail (Black-shanked douc) to 77 cm (30 in) long, plus 77 cm (30 in) tail (Red-shanked douc)[39]

Habitats: Forest[39]

Diets: Leaves, as well as fruit, seeds, buds, and flowers[39]
Rhinopithecus
(snub-nosed monkey)

Gray monkeys

H. Milne-Edwards, 1872

Five species
 		Southern China, Central China, Northern Vietnam, and Northern Myanmar Size range: 51 cm (20 in) long, plus 66 cm (26 in) tail (Tonkin snub-nosed monkey) to 83 cm (33 in) long, plus 72 cm (28 in) tail (Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey)[40]

Habitats: Forest[41]

Diets: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, buds, bark, seeds, and lichen, as well as insect larvae[40]
Semnopithecus
(gray langur)

Gray monkey

Desmarest, 1822

Eight species
 		Sri Lanka, India, and Himalayas Size range: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) (multiple)[42]

Habitats: Rocky areas, forest, shrubland, and savanna[42]

Diets: Leaves, fruit, and flowers, seeds, roots, bark, twigs, coniferous cones, moss, lichens, ferns, shoots, rhizomes, grass, and invertebrates[42]
Simias

Drawing of monkey skull

Miller, 1903

One species
 		Islands near Sumatra in Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 45–53 cm (18–21 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail[43]

Habitats: Forest[44]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, and berries[45]
Trachypithecus
(lutung)

Black and brown monkeys

Reichenbach, 1862

21 species
 		Southeastern Asia Size range: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail (multiple)[46]

Habitats: Inland wetlands, rocky areas, forests, forest, and caves[47]

Diets: Leaves, flowers, fruit, shoots, seeds, and twigs, as well as bark and insects[46]

Superfamily Hominoidea

Family Hominidae

Members of the Hominidae family are hominids, or colloquially great apes, and include gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and humans. Hominoidae comprises eight extant species, divided into four genera. These genera are grouped into two subfamilies: Homininae, or African hominids, containing gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans; and Ponginae, or Asian hominids, containing orangutans.

Subfamily Homininae – Gray, 1825 – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Gorilla
(gorilla)

Black gorilla

Geoffroy, 1852

Two species
 		Central Africa and Western Africa
Map of range 		Size range: 130 cm (51 in) long (Western gorilla) to 196 cm (77 in) long (Eastern gorilla)[48]

Habitats: Forest[49]

Diets: Leaves, berries, ferns, bark, roots, stems, and pith, as well as wood, flowers, fruit, fungi, galls, invertebrates, and gorilla dung[48]
Homo

Two humans standing in grass

Linnaeus, 1758

One species
 		Worldwide (population density shown)
Map of range 		Size: 140–210 cm (55–83 in) long, including legs[50]

Habitats: Varied

Diet: Omnivorous
Pan
(chimpanzee)

Black bonobo

Oken, 1816

Two species
 		Central and western Africa
Map of range 		Size range: 63–90 cm (25–35 in) long (Chimpanzee)[51]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[52]

Diets: Fruit, leaves, stems, buds, bark, pith, seeds, and resins, as well as leaves, insects, shoots, small vertebrates, truffles, fungus, honey, and eggs[51]
Subfamily Ponginae – Elliot, 1913 – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Pongo

Brown orangutan

Lacépède, 1799

Three species
 		Borneo and Sumatra
Map of range 		Size range: 78–97 cm (31–38 in) long (Bornean orangutan)[53]

Habitats: Forest[54]

Diets: Fruit, leaves, shoots, flowers, and bark, as well as insects, sap, vines, spider webs, bird eggs, fungi, flowers, bark, and soil[53]
Family Hylobatidae

Members of the Hylobatidae family are hylobatids, or colloquially gibbons. Hylobatidae comprises 19 extant species, divided into four genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – four genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Hoolock
(hoolock gibbon)

Brown gibbon

Mootnick & Groves, 2005

Three species
 		Southern Asia (in green)
Map of range 		Size range: 45 cm (18 in) long (Western hoolock gibbon) to 81 cm (32 in) long (Skywalker hoolock gibbon)[55]

Habitats: Forest[55]

Diets: Fruit and leaves, as well as shoots, invertebrates, bird chicks, and flowers[55]
Hylobates
(dwarf gibbon)

Brown gibbon

Illiger, 1811

Nine species
 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size range: 42 cm (17 in) long (Silvery gibbon) to 65 cm (26 in) long (Agile gibbon)[56]

Habitats: Forest[56]

Diets: Fruit, flowers, leaves, and insects, as well as eggs and small vertebrates[56]
Nomascus
(crested gibbon)

Black gibbon and brown gibbon

Miller, 1933

Seven species
 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size range: 40 cm (16 in) long (Eastern black crested gibbon) to 64 cm (25 in) long (Southern white-cheeked gibbon)[57]

Habitats: Forest[57]

Diets: Fruit, leaves, buds, shoots, and flowers, as well as insects, eggs, and small vertebrates[57]
Symphalangus

Black siamang

Gloger, 1841

One species
 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 71–90 cm (28–35 in) long[58]

Habitats: Forest[59]

Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as flowers and insects[59]

Parvorder Platyrrhines

Family Aotidae

Members of the Aotidae family are aotids, or colloquially night monkeys. Aotidae comprises eleven extant species in a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Aotus
(night monkey)

Brown monkey

Illiger, 1811

Eleven species
 		Central and northern South America and Central America Size range: 24 cm (9 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Azara's night monkey) to 47 cm (19 in) long plus 42 cm (17 in) tail (Three-striped night monkey)[60]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[60]

Diets: Fruit, nectar, leaves, flowers, buds, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and eggs[60]
Family Atelidae

Members of the Atelidae family are atelids, or colloquially night monkeys, and include howler, spider, woolly, and woolly spider monkeys. Aotidae comprises 24 extant species in 4 genera. It is divided into the subfamilies Alouattinae, or howler monkeys, and Atelinae, or spider and woolly monkeys.

Subfamily Alouattinae – Trouessart, 1897 – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Alouatta
(howler monkey)

Black howler monkeys

Lacépède, 1799

Twelve species
 		Mexico, Central America, and northern, eastern, and central South America
Map of range 		Size range: 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 52 cm (20 in) tail (Mantled howler) to 92 cm (36 in) long plus 92 cm (36 in) tail (Brown howler)[61]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[61]

Diets: Leaves, flowers, fruit, bark, and twigs as well as buds, seeds, moss, stems, termite nests, and decaying wood[61]
Subfamily Atelinae – Gray, 1825 – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Ateles
(spider monkey)

Brown monkey

É Geoffroy, 1806

Seven species
 		Mexico, Central America, and northern and central South America Size range: 30–63 cm (12–25 in) long, plus 63–84 cm (25–33 in) tail (Geoffroy's spider monkey)[62]

Habitats: Forest[63]

Diets: Fruit, leaves, flowers, nuts, seeds, and insects, as well as bark, honey, decaying wood, roots, fungi, arachnids, and eggs[62]
Brachyteles
(muriqui)

Brown monkey

É Geoffroy, 1806

Two species
 		Southeastern Brazil Size range: 46–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 72–81 cm (28–32 in) tail (both species)[64]

Habitats: Forest[65]

Diets: Leaves, fruit, vines, flowers, bark, nectar, and seeds[64]
Lagothrix
(woolly monkey)

Brown monkey

É Geoffroy, 1812

Two species
 		Western South America Size range: 44 cm (17 in) long, plus 60 cm (24 in) tail (Yellow-tailed woolly monkey) to 69 cm (27 in) long plus 72 cm (28 in) tail (Common woolly monkey)[66]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[67]

Diets: Fruit, leaves, insects, seeds, moss, buds, and flowers[66]
Family Callitrichidae

Members of the Callitrichidae family are callitrichids, and include marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins. Callitrichidae comprises 43 extant species in 7 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – seven genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Callimico

Black monkey

Miranda-Ribeiro, 1922

One species
 		Western South America
Map of range 		Size: 21–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 25–33 cm (10–13 in) tail[68]

Habitats: Forest[69]

Diet: Fruit, insects, and fungi, as well as lizards, frogs, and other small vertebrates[68]
Callithrix
(Atlantic Forest marmoset)

Black, yellow, and white monkey

Erxleben, 1777

Six species
 		Eastern South America Size range: 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 29 cm (11 in) tail (Common marmoset) to 30 cm (12 in) long plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (Buffy-headed marmoset)[70]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[71]

Diets: Plant gum, sap, fruit, flowers, nectar, seeds, insects, and spiders, as well as molluscs, small vertebrates, and bird eggs[70]
Cebuella
(pygmy marmoset)

Brown monkey

Gray, 1866

Two species
 		Western South America Size range: 12 cm (5 in) long, plus 17 cm (7 in) tail (Western pygmy marmoset) to 30 cm (12 in) long plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (Eastern pygmy marmoset)[72]

Habitats: Forest[73]

Diets: Tree gum, sap, and resin, as well as insects, small lizards, fruit, flowers, and spiders[72]
Leontocebus
(saddle-back tamarin)

Black and brown monkey

Wagner, 1840

Central and western South America Size range: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail (multiple)[74]

Habitats: Forest[74]

Diets: Fruit, sap, nectar, vegetation, invertebrates, small vertebrates, and eggs[74]
Leontopithecus
(lion tamarin)

Black and brown monkey

Lesson, 1840

Four species
 		Southeastern South America Size range: 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Black lion tamarin) to 37 cm (15 in) long plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (Golden lion tamarin)[75]

Habitats: Forest[76]

Diets: Spiders, snails, insects, small lizards, eggs, small birds, fruit, flowers, gum, nectar, and vegetables, as well as snakes and other small vertebrates[75]
Mico
(marmoset)

White and black monkey

Lesson, 1840

Sixteen species
 		Central South America Size range: 18–30 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 17–41 cm (7–16 in) tail (multiple)[77]

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna[77]

Diets: Sap, gum, fruit, seeds, nuts, insects, snails, spiders, leaves and small vertebrates[77]
Saguinus
(tamarin)

Black monkey

Hoffmannsegg, 1807

Seventeen species
 		Western, central, and eastern South America and southeastern Central America Size range: 17–31 cm (7–12 in) long, plus 25–44 cm (10–17 in) tail (multiple)[78]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[78]

Diets: Fruit, sap, nectar, gum, seeds, flowers, invertebrates, small vertebrates, eggs, and soil[78]
Family Cebidae

Members of the Cebidae family are cebids, and include capuchin and squirrel monkeys. Cebidae comprises eighteen extant species in three genera, and is divided into the subfamilies Cebinae, or capuchin monkeys, and Saimiriinae, or squirrel monkeys.

Subfamily Cebinae – Bonaparte, 1831 – two genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Cebus
(gracile capuchin monkey)

Black and white monkey

Erxleben, 1777

Four species
 		Northern and central South America and southeastern Central America Size range: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 30–56 cm (12–22 in) tail (Kaapori capuchin)[79]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[80]

Diets: Fruit, seeds, berries, nuts, figs, nectar, invertebrates, and small vertebrates[79]
Sapajus
(robust capuchin monkey)

Black and brown monkey

Kerr, 1792

Seven species
 		Northern, central, and eastern South America
Map of range 		Size range: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 30–56 cm (12–22 in) tail (multiple)[81]

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna[81]

Diets: Fruit, seeds, nectar, pith, stems, nuts, berries, flowers, leaves, bird eggs, insects, frogs, small reptiles, birds, bats, other small mammals, oysters, and crabs[81]
Subfamily Saimiriinae – Miller, 1912 – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Saimiri
(squirrel monkey)

Brown monkeys

Voigt, 1831

Seven species
 		Northern and central South America and southern Central America Size range: 22 cm (9 in) long, plus 37 cm (15 in) tail (Central American squirrel monkey) to 36 cm (14 in) long plus 43 cm (17 in) tail (Bare-eared squirrel monkey)[82]

Habitats: Forest[82]

Diets: Fruit, berries, seeds, nuts, gum, nectar, leaves, buds, flowers, insects, arachnids, bird eggs, and small vertebrates[82]
Family Pitheciidae

Members of the Pitheciidae family are pitheciids, and include titis, saki monkeys and uakaris. Pitheciidae comprises 55 extant species in 5 genera, and is divided into the subfamilies Callicebinae, or titis, and Pitheciinae, or saki monkeys and uakaris.

Subfamily Callicebinae – Pocock, 1925 – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Callicebus
(Atlantic Forest titi monkey)

Brown monkey

Thomas, 1903

Five species
 		Eastern South America Size range: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail (multiple)[83]

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna[83]

Diets: Fruit, leaves, flowers, seeds, and insects, as well as birds, vegetation, eggs, and small vertebrates and invertebrates[83]
Cheracebus
(widow titi monkey)

Black monkey

Byrne et al., 2016

Five species
 		Northern South America, Central South America, and Northwestern South America Size range: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail (multiple)[84]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[84]

Diets: Fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, flowers, insects, spiders, and bird eggs[84]
Plecturocebus

Brown and gray monkey

Byrne et al., 2016

23 species
 		Northern, western, and central South America Size range: 23–46 cm (9–18 in) long, plus 26–56 cm (10–22 in) tail (multiple)[85]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[85]

Diets: Fruit, flowers, seeds, leaves, vines, and insects, as well as arthropods, stems, shoots, eggs, and small vertebrates[85]
Subfamily Pitheciinae – Mivart, 1865 – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Cacajao
(uakari)

Brown and red monkey

Lesson, 1840

Four species
 		Northern and western South America Size range: 30–57 cm (12–22 in) long, plus 12–21 cm (5–8 in) tail (Aracá uakari)[86]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[87]

Diets: Fruit, nuts, seeds, flowers, leaves, nectar, insects, and arthropods[86]
Chiropotes
(bearded saki)

Black monkey

Lesson, 1840

Five species
 		Northern, northeastern, and central South America Size range: 32 cm (13 in) long, plus 37 cm (15 in) tail (Black bearded saki) to 52 cm (20 in) long plus 51 cm (20 in) tail (Reddish-brown bearded saki)[88]

Habitats: Forest[89]

Diets: Fruit, seeds, nuts, flowers, and insects, as well as stems, arthropods, and leaves[88]
Pithecia
(saki monkey)

Black monkey

Desmarest, 1804

Thirteen species
 		Northern and central South America Size range: 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Napo saki) to 71 cm (28 in) long plus 55 cm (22 in) tail (Burnished saki)[90]

Habitats: Forest[90]

Diets: Seeds, fruit pulp, leaves, insects, and flowers[90]

Infraorder Tarsiiformes

Family Tarsiidae

Members of the Tarsiidae family are tarsiids, or colloquially tarsiers. Tarsiidae comprises fourteen extant species in three genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Carlito

Brown tarsier

Groves & Shekelle, 2010

One species
 		Southeastern Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 8–16 cm (3–6 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail[91]

Habitats: Forest[92]

Diet: Insects, spiders, lizards, and other small vertebrates[91]
Cephalopachus

Brown tarsier

Swainson, 1835

One species
 		Western Philippines
Map of range 		Size: 11–15 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 20–24 cm (8–9 in) tail[93]

Habitats: Forest[94]

Diet: Insects, as well as small vertebrates including birds, mammals, and reptiles[95]
Tarsius
(tarsier)

Brown tarsier

Storr, 1780

Twelve species
 		Sulawesi, Indonesia
Map of range 		Size range: 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Pygmy tarsier) to 15 cm (6 in) long plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Siau Island tarsier)[96]

Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, and caves[96]

Diets: Arthropods and insects, as well as small vertebrates[96]

Suborder Strepsirrhini

Superfamily Lemuroidea

Family Cheirogaleidae

Members of the Cheirogaleidae family are cheirogaleids, and include dwarf, mouse, giant mouse, and fork-marked lemurs. Cheirogaleidae comprises 41 extant species in 5 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – five genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Allocebus

Drawing of brown lemur

Petter-Rousseaux & Petter, 1967

One species
 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail[97]

Habitats: Forest[98]

Diet: Nectar, fruit, gum, leaves, honey, and insects[98]
Cheirogaleus
(dwarf lemur)

Brown lemur

É Geoffroy, 1812

Ten species
 		Madagascar Size range: 16 cm (6 in) long, plus 18 cm (7 in) tail (Ankarana dwarf lemur) to 27 cm (11 in) long plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Greater dwarf lemur)[99]

Habitats: Forest and shrubland[99]

Diets: Fruit, flowers, leaves, seeds, nectar, and insects, as well as small vertebrates and honey[99]
Microcebus
(mouse lemur)

Brown lemur

É Geoffroy, 1834

24 species
 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 8 cm (3 in) long, plus 11 cm (4 in) tail (Margot Marsh's mouse lemur) to 16 cm (6 in) long plus 15 cm (6 in) tail (Anosy mouse lemur)[100]

Habitats: Forest and shrubland[100]

Diets: Gum, insect excretions, nectar, fruit, leaves, flowers, pollen, arthropods, and small vertebrates[100]
Mirza
(giant mouse lemur)

Brown lemur

Gray, 1870

Two species
 		Western and northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (Coquerel's giant mouse lemur) to 27 cm (11 in) long plus 32 cm (13 in) tail (Coquerel's giant mouse lemur)[101]

Habitats: Forest[101]

Diets: Fruit, flowers, insect secretions, sap, and invertebrates, as well as small vertebrates[101]
Phaner
(fork-marked lemur)

Brown lemur

Gray, 1870

Four species
 		Western, northeastern, and northern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail (multiple)[102]

Habitats: Forest[102]

Diets: Sap and gum, as well as insects, insect secretions, fruit, flowers, and nectar[102]
Family Daubentoniidae

Members of the Daubentoniidae family are daubentoniids; the family comprises a single extant species, the aye-aye.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Daubentonia

Black lemur

É Geoffroy, 1795

One species
 		Western and eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 36–44 cm (14–17 in) long, plus tail[103]

Habitats: Forest and shrubland[104]

Diet: Fruit, nuts, and sap[103]
Family Indriidae

Members of the Indriidae family are indriids, and include woolly lemurs, sifakas, and indri. Indriidae comprises nineteen extant species in three genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Avahi
(woolly lemur)

Brown lemur

Jourdan, 1834

Nine species
 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 25 cm (10 in) long, plus 28 cm (11 in) tail (Betsileo woolly lemur) to 37 cm (15 in) long plus 35 cm (14 in) tail (Bemaraha woolly lemur)[105]

Habitats: Forest[105]

Diets: Buds and leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[105]
Indri

Black and white lemur

É. Geoffroy & G. Cuvier, 1796

One species
 		Northeastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2–2 in) tail[106]

Habitats: Forest[107]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers[106]
Propithecus
(sifaka)

Black and white lemur

Bennett, 1832

Nine species
 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 42 cm (17 in) long, plus 50 cm (20 in) tail (Coquerel's sifaka) to 55 cm (22 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail (Diademed sifaka)[108]

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna[108]

Diets: Leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, shoots, and bark, as well as soil[108]
Family Lemuridae

Members of the Lemuridae family are lemurids, and include ring-tailed, true, ruffed, and bamboo lemurs. Indriidae comprises 21 extant species in 5 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – five genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Eulemur
(true lemur)

Black lemur

Simons & Rumpler, 1988

Twelve species
 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 30 cm (12 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (Black lemur) to 51 cm (20 in) long plus 51 cm (20 in) tail (Common brown lemur)[109]

Habitats: Forest[109]

Diets: Leaves, fruit, buds, flowers, and pollen, as well as nectar, bark, insects, arthropods, fungi, and soil[109]
Hapalemur
(bamboo lemur)

Brown lemur

Geoffroy, 1851

Five species
 		Western, northern, and eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 24 cm (9 in) long, plus 32 cm (13 in) tail (Southern lesser bamboo lemur) to 34 cm (13 in) long plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (Golden bamboo lemur)[110]

Habitats: Inland wetlands and forest[110]

Diets: Marsh plants, bamboo, grass, pith, stems, flowers, and leaves, as well as fruit, fungi, and soil[110]
Lemur

Brown, black, and gray lemur

Linnaeus, 1758

One species
 		Southwestern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 39–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 56–63 cm (22–25 in) tail[111]

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves[112]

Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit, leaves, stems, flowers, sap, spiders, spider webs, chameleons, insects, small birds, and termite mounds[111]
Prolemur

Brown lemur

Gray, 1871

One species
 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size: 40–45 cm (16–18 in) long, plus 43–48 cm (17–19 in) tail[113]

Habitats: Forest[114]

Diet: Bamboo shoots and pith, as well as flowers, leaves, soil, and fruit[113]
Varecia
(ruffed lemur)

Black and brown lemur

Gray, 1863

Two species
 		Eastern Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 60 cm (24 in) tail (Black-and-white ruffed lemur) to 50 cm (20 in) long plus 60 cm (24 in) tail (Red ruffed lemur)[115]

Habitats: Forest[116]

Diets: Fruit, nectar, and pollen, as well as leaves, flower, and seeds[115]
Family Lepilemuridae

Members of the Lepilemuridae family are lepilemurids, or colloquially sportive lemurs. Lepilemuridae comprises 25 extant species in a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Lepilemur
(sportive lemur)

Gray lemur

Geoffroy, 1851

25 species
 		Madagascar
Map of range 		Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 26 cm (10 in) tail (Gray-backed sportive lemur) to 41 cm (16 in) long plus 27 cm (11 in) tail (Hawks' sportive lemur)[117]

Habitats: Forest[117]

Diets: Leaves, vines, fruit, flowers, spiders, and insects, as well as seeds, pollen, latex, and bark[117]

Superfamily Lorisoidea

Family Galagidae

Members of the Galagidae family are galagids, or colloquially galagos or bush babies. Galagidae comprises nineteen extant species in six genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – six genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Euoticus
(needle-clawed bushbaby)

Brown bushbaby

Gray, 1863

Two species
 		Western equatorial Africa Size range: 18–33 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 28–31 cm (11–12 in) tail (Northern needle-clawed bushbaby)[118]

Habitats: Forest[118]

Diets: Tree gums and resins, as well as invertebrates[118]
Galago
(lesser bushbaby)

Gray bushbaby

É Geoffroy, 1796

Four species
 		Equatorial and southern Africa Size range: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long, plus 19–30 cm (7–12 in) tail (Senegal bushbaby)[119]

Habitats: Forest and savanna[120]

Diets: Invertebrates, fruit, flowers, and gum, as well as small birds, eggs, and seeds[119]
Galagoides
(western dwarf galago)

Drawing of brown bushbaby

A. Smith, 1833

Three species
 		Western and central equatorial Africa Size range: 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 15 cm (6 in) tail (Prince Demidoff's bushbaby) to 18 cm (7 in) long plus 21 cm (8 in) tail (Angolan dwarf galago)[121]

Habitats: Forest and shrubland[122]

Diets: Insects, as well as fruit, gum, small vertebrates, tree buds, and leaves[121]
Otolemur
(greater galago)

Brown galago

Coquerel, 1859

Two species
 		Southern and eastern Africa Size range: 23 cm (9 in) long, plus 36 cm (14 in) tail (Northern greater galago) to 38 cm (15 in) long plus 48 cm (19 in) tail (Brown greater galago)[123]

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and savanna[124]

Diets: Gum, sap, fruit, and insects[123]
Paragalago
(eastern dwarf galago)

Brown galago

Masters, Génin, Couette, Groves, Nash, Delpero, & Pozzi, 2017

Five species
 		Southeastern Africa Size range: 10 cm (4 in) long, plus 17 cm (7 in) tail (Rondo dwarf galago) to 19 cm (7 in) long plus 27 cm (11 in) tail (Grant's bushbaby)[125]

Habitats: Forest[126]

Diets: Fruit, gum, nectar, invertebrates, small vertebrates, and flowers[125]
Sciurocheirus
(squirrel galago)

Drawing of brown bushbaby

Waterhouse, 1838

Three species
 		Western equatorial Africa Size range: 15–24 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail (Bioko Allen's bushbaby)[127]

Habitats: Forest[128]

Diets: Arthropods, insects, fruit, and gum, as well as small mammals[127]
Family Lorisidae

Members of the Lorisidae family are lorisids, and include lorises, pottos and angwantibos. Lorisidae comprises sixteen extant species in five genera, and is divided into the subfamilies Lorisinae, or lorises, and Perodicticinae, or the angwantibos and pottos.

Subfamily Lorisinae – Gray, 1821 – three genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Loris
(slender loris)

Brown loris

É Geoffroy, 1796

Two species
 		Sri Lanka and Southern India Size range: 18 cm (7 in) long with no tail (Gray slender loris) to 26 cm (10 in) long with no tail (Red slender loris)[129]

Habitats: Forest[130]

Diets: Insects, as well as tree frogs, geckos, small birds, eggs, and fruit[129]
Nycticebus
(slow loris)

Light brown loris

É Geoffroy, 1812

Eight species
 		Southeastern Asia (blue and brown)
Map of range 		Size range: 26 cm (10 in) long with no tail (Bangka slow loris) to 38 cm (15 in) long, with vestigial tail (Bengal slow loris)[131]

Habitats: Forest[132]

Diets: Resin, sap, gum, nectar, stems, fruit, invertebrates, lizards, bark, and bird eggs[131]
Xanthonycticebus

Brown loris

Nekaris & Nijman, 2022

One species
 		Southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 15–25 cm (6–10 in) long, with no tail[133]

Habitats: Forest[134]

Diet: Insects, gum, resin, fruit, and bamboo[133]
Subfamily Perodicticinae – Gray, 1870 – two genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Arctocebus
(angwantibo)

Drawing of brown loris

Gray, 1863

Two species
 		Western equatorial Africa Size range: 22 cm (9 in) long, plus vestigial tail (Golden angwantibo) to 31 cm (12 in) long plus 10 cm (4 in) tail (Calabar angwantibo)[135]

Habitats: Forest[136]

Diets: Insects and fruit, as well as gum[135]
Perodicticus
(potto)

Brown potto

Bennett, 1831

Three species
 		Western and central Africa
Map of range 		Size range: 29 cm (11 in) long, plus 4 cm (2 in) tail (East African potto) to 39 cm (15 in) long plus 10 cm (4 in) tail (West African potto)[137]

Habitats: Forest[138]

Diets: Fruit, gum, nectar, invertebrates, and eggs, as well as moss and small vertebrates[137]

References

  1. ^ Pough, ch. "Characteristics of Primates"
  2. ^ Pough, pp. 269–289
  3. ^ Cartmill; Smith p. 90
  4. ^ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 114–184
  5. ^ Kingdon 2015, p. 143
  6. ^ Maisels, F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Allenopithecus nigroviridis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T865A166606573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T865A166606573.en.
  7. ^ Sides, Corey (2023). "Allenopithecus nigroviridis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  8. ^ a b Allochrocebus sizes and diets:
  9. ^ Allochrocebus habitats:
    • L'Hoest's monkey: Ukizintambara, T.; et al. (2019). "Allochrocebus lhoesti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4220A92345122. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4220A92345122.en.
    • Preuss's monkey: Cronin, D. T.; et al. (2019) [errata version of 2019 assessment]. "Allochrocebus preussi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4227A161178708. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T4227A161178708.en.
    • Sun-tailed monkey: Abernethy, K.; et al. (2019) [errata version of 2019 assessment]. "Allochrocebus solatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4230A154209091. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T4230A154209091.en.
  10. ^ a b c Cercocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  11. ^ a b c Cercopithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  12. ^ a b Chlorocebus sizes and diets:
  13. ^ Chlorocebus habitats:
    • Bale Mountains vervet: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2022). "Chlorocebus djamdjamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T4240A205910680. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T4240A205910680.en.
    • Dryas monkey: Hart, J. A.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Cercopithecus dryas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T4216A210337242. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T4216A210337242.en.
    • Green monkey: Gonedelé Bi, S.; et al. (2020). "Chlorocebus sabaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136265A17958099. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136265A17958099.en.
    • Grivet: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2022). "Chlorocebus aethiops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T4233A214886892. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T4233A214886892.en.
    • Malbrouck: Wallis, J. (2019). "Chlorocebus cynosuros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136291A17957592. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136291A17957592.en.
    • Tantalus monkey: Wallis, J. (2020). "Chlorocebus tantalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136208A17958272. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136208A17958272.en.
    • Vervet monkey: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2022). "Chlorocebus pygerythrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T136271A205998680. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T136271A205998680.en.
  14. ^ a b Erythrocebus sizes and diets:
  15. ^ Erythrocebus habitats:
    • Blue Nile patas monkey: Gippoliti, S.; et al. (2020). "Erythrocebus poliophaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T164377509A164377626. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T164377509A164377626.en.
    • Common patas monkey: De Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Erythrocebus patas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T174391079A217739569. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T174391079A217739569.en.
    • Southern patas monkey: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2020). "Erythrocebus baumstarki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T92252436A92252442. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T92252436A92252442.en.
  16. ^ a b c Lophocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black crested mangabey:
    • Grey-cheeked mangabey:
  17. ^ a b Macaca sizes and diets:
  18. ^ Macaca habitats:
    • Toque macaque: Dittus, W.; et al. (2020). "Macaca sinica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12560A17951229. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12560A17951229.en.
    • Arunachal macaque: Kumar, A.; et al. (2020). "Macaca munzala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136569A17948833. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136569A17948833.en.
    • Assam macaque: Boonratana, R.; et al. (2020). "Macaca assamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12549A17950189. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12549A17950189.en.
    • Barbary macaque: Wallis, J.; et al. (2020). "Macaca sylvanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12561A50043570. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12561A50043570.en.
    • Bonnet macaque: Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Macaca radiata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12558A17951596. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12558A17951596.en.
    • Booted macaque: Riley, E.; et al. (2021). "Macaca ochreata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39793A17985872. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39793A17985872.en.
    • Celebes crested macaque: Lee, R.; et al. (2020). "Macaca nigra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12556A17950422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12556A17950422.en.
    • Crab-eating macaque: Bonadio, Christopher (2000). "Macaca fascicularis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Formosan rock macaque: Wu, H.; et al. (2020). "Macaca cyclopis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12550A17949875. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12550A17949875.en.
    • Gorontalo macaque: Lee, R.; et al. (2020). "Macaca nigrescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12568A17948400. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12568A17948400.en.
    • Heck's macaque: Lee, R.; et al. (2020). "Macaca hecki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12570A17948969. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12570A17948969.en.
    • Japanese macaque: Watanabe, K.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Macaca fuscata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12552A195347803. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12552A195347803.en.
    • Lion-tailed macaque: Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Macaca silenus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12559A17951402. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12559A17951402.en.
    • Moor macaque: Riley, E.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Macaca maura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12553A197831931. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12553A197831931.en.
    • Muna-Buton macaque: Lee, R.; et al. (2021). "Macaca brunnescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T12569A17985924. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T12569A17985924.en.
    • Northern pig-tailed macaque: Boonratana, R.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Macaca leonina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T39792A217754289. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39792A217754289.en.
    • Pagai Island macaque: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2020). "Macaca pagensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39794A17949995. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39794A17949995.en.
    • Rhesus macaque: Singh, M.; et al. (2020). "Macaca mulatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12554A17950825. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12554A17950825.en.
    • Siberut macaque: Traeholt, C.; et al. (2020). "Macaca siberu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39795A17949710. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39795A17949710.en.
    • Southern pig-tailed macaque: Ruppert, N.; et al. (2022). "Macaca nemestrina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T12555A215350982. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T12555A215350982.en.
    • Stump-tailed macaque: Chetry, D.; et al. (2020). "Macaca arctoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12548A185202632. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12548A185202632.en.
    • Tibetan macaque: Yongcheng, L.; et al. (2020). "Macaca thibetana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12562A17948236. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12562A17948236.en.
    • Tonkean macaque: Riley, E.; et al. (2020). "Macaca tonkeana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12563A17947990. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12563A17947990.en.
    • White-cheeked macaque: Fan, P. F.; et al. (2022). "Macaca leucogenys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T205889816A205890248. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T205889816A205890248.en.
  19. ^ a b c Mandrillus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  20. ^ a b c Miopithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  21. ^ a b Papio sizes and diets:
  22. ^ Papio habitats:
    • Chacma baboon: Sithaldeen, R. (2019) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Papio ursinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T16022A168568698. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T16022A168568698.en.
    • Guinea baboon: Wallis, J.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Papio papio". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T16018A190269269. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T16018A190269269.en.
    • Hamadryas baboon: Gippoliti, S. (2019). "Papio hamadryas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T16019A17953082. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T16019A17953082.en.
    • Kinda baboon: Wallis, J.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Papio kindae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136848A190319676. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136848A190319676.en.
    • Olive baboon: Wallis, J. (2020). "Papio anubis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T40647A17953200. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T40647A17953200.en.
    • Yellow baboon: Wallis, J. (2020). "Papio cynocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T92250442A92251260. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T92250442A92251260.en.
  23. ^ a b Kingdon 2015, p. 123
  24. ^ Davenport, T. (2019). "Rungwecebus kipunji". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136791A17961368. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136791A17961368.en.
  25. ^ Kingdon 2015, p. 127
  26. ^ a b Gippoliti, S.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Theropithecus gelada". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T21744A217754712. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T21744A217754712.en.
  27. ^ a b Colobus sizes and diets:
  28. ^ Colobus habitats:
    • Angola colobus: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2020). "Colobus angolensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T5142A17945007. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5142A17945007.en.
    • Black colobus: Maisels, F.; et al. (2020). "Colobus satanas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T5145A17944405. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5145A17944405.en.
    • King colobus: Gonedelé Bi, S.; et al. (2020). "Colobus polykomos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T5144A17944855. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5144A17944855.en.
    • Mantled guereza: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Colobus guereza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T5143A17944705. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T5143A17944705.en.
    • Ursine colobus: Matsuda Goodwin, R.; et al. (2020). "Colobus vellerosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T5146A169472127. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5146A169472127.en.
  29. ^ Nowak 1999b, p. 155
  30. ^ Boonratana, R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Nasalis larvatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T14352A195372486. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T14352A195372486.en.
  31. ^ Woltanski, Amy (2004). "Nasalis larvatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 23, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  32. ^ a b Piliocolobus sizes and diets:
    • Bouvier's red colobus, Foa's red colobus, Lomami red colobus, Lang's red colobus, Niger Delta red colobus, Oustalet's red colobus, Preuss's red colobus, Semliki red colobus, Udzungwa red colobus, Ugandan red colobus: Kingdon 2015, p. 103
    • Miss Waldron's red colobus: Kingdon 2015, p. 110
    • Pennant's colobus: Gilbert, Kasi (2011). "Piliocolobus pennantii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Tana River red colobus: Jones, Jeremy (2002). "Piliocolobus rufomitratus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Thollon's red colobus:
    • Western red colobus:
    • Zanzibar red colobus:
  33. ^ Piliocolobus habitats:
    • Bouvier's red colobus: Maisels, F.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Piliocolobus bouvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T18250A210339606. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T18250A210339606.en.
    • Foa's red colobus: Hart, J.; et al. (2020). "Piliocolobus foai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18252A92659769. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18252A92659769.en.
    • Lomami red colobus: Hart, J. A.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus parmentieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T40648A166604269. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T40648A166604269.en.
    • Lang's red colobus: Hart, J.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus langi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18261A166605018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18261A166605018.en.
    • Miss Waldron's red colobus: Oates, J. F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus waldroni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18248A166620835. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18248A166620835.en.
    • Niger Delta red colobus: Ikemeh, R.; et al. (2019). "Piliocolobus epieni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41024A92656391. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41024A92656391.en.
    • Oustalet's red colobus: Hart, J.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus oustaleti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18255A166598553. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18255A166598553.en.
    • Pennant's colobus: Cronin, D. T. (2019). "Piliocolobus pennantii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41025A92653653. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41025A92653653.en.
    • Preuss's red colobus: Linder, J.; et al. (2019). "Piliocolobus preussi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41026A92633245. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41026A92633245.en.
    • Semliki red colobus: Maisels, F.; et al. (2020). "Piliocolobus semlikiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T92657343A92657454. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T92657343A92657454.en.
    • Tana River red colobus: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus rufomitratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136939A166599765. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T136939A166599765.en.
    • Thollon's red colobus: Detwiler, K. M.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus tholloni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18257A166598109. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18257A166598109.en.
    • Udzungwa red colobus: Rovero, F.; et al. (2019). "Piliocolobus gordonorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T40015A92629595. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T40015A92629595.en.
    • Ugandan red colobus: Struhsaker, T. T.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Piliocolobus tephrosceles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18256A171760021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18256A171760021.en.
    • Western red colobus: Vasselin, Kathleen (2011). "Piliocolobus badius". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Zanzibar red colobus: Davenport, T. (2019) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Piliocolobus kirkii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39992A168568335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39992A168568335.en.
  34. ^ a b Presbytis sizes and diets:
    • Black Sumatran langur:
    • Black-and-white langur, East Sumatran banded langur, Siberut langur, Mentawai langur, Miller's langur, Mitered langur, Natuna Island surili, Raffles' banded langur, Robinson's banded langur, Sabah grizzled langur, Sarawak surili, White-fronted surili, White-thighed surili: Nowak 1999a, pp. 599–600
    • Black-crested Sumatran langur:
    • Hose's langur:
      • Nowak 1999a, pp. 599–600
      • Nijman, V.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Presbytis hosei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T175648870A195370322. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T175648870A195370322.en.
    • Javan surili:
    • Maroon leaf monkey:
    • Thomas's langur: Matthews, Mika (2004). "Presbytis thomasi". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  35. ^ Presbytis habitats:
    • Black Sumatran langur: Traeholt, C.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis sumatranus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136912A17986913. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136912A17986913.en.
    • Black-and-white langur: Nijman, V. (2021). "Presbytis bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39812A206547286. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39812A206547286.en.
    • Black-crested Sumatran langur: Nijman, V.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis melalophos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39811A17954271. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39811A17954271.en.
    • East Sumatran banded langur: Rizaldi, Ang; et al. (2021). "Presbytis percura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39805A205841390. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39805A205841390.en.
    • Hose's langur: Nijman, V.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Presbytis hosei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T175648870A195370322. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T175648870A195370322.en.
    • Javan surili: Nijman, V.; et al. (2022). "Presbytis comata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T210369485A210370097. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210369485A210370097.en.
    • Maroon leaf monkey: Cheyne, S.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis rubicunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18131A17953935. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18131A17953935.en.
    • Siberut langur: Quinten, M; et al. (2020). "Presbytis siberu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39816A17986963. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39816A17986963.en.
    • Mentawai langur: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis potenziani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39815A17954456. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39815A17954456.en.
    • Miller's langur: Cheyne, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Presbytis canicrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39808A200247353. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39808A200247353.en.
    • Mitered langur: Nijman, V.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis mitrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39813A17986718. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39813A17986718.en.
    • Natuna Island surili: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis natunae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136500A17955492. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136500A17955492.en.
    • Raffles' banded langur: Ang, A.; et al. (2022). "Presbytis femoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T39801A215090780. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39801A215090780.en.
    • Robinson's banded langur: Ang, A.; et al. (2021). "Presbytis robinsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39806A205875703. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39806A205875703.en.
    • Sabah grizzled langur: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis sabana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39810A17987041. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39810A17987041.en.
    • Sarawak surili: Nijman, V.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39803A17955321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39803A17955321.en.
    • Thomas's langur: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18132A17954139. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18132A17954139.en.
    • White-fronted surili: Cheyne, S.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis frontata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18127A17954836. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18127A17954836.en.
    • White-thighed surili: Ang, A.; et al. (2020). "Presbytis siamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18134A17953755. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18134A17953755.en.
  36. ^ Kingdon 2015, p. 102
  37. ^ Oates, J. F.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Procolobus verus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18245A166610679. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18245A166610679.en.
  38. ^ Thompson, Leah (2002). "Procolobus verus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  39. ^ a b c Pygathrix sizes, habitats, and diets:
  40. ^ a b Rhinopithecus sizes and diets:
    • Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey: Deng, Xin (2020). "Rhinopithecus bieti". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Golden snub-nosed monkey: Munoz, Peter (2023). "Rhinopithecus roxellana". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Gray snub-nosed monkey: "Grey snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
    • Myanmar snub-nosed monkey:
      • Geissmann, T.; et al. (2011). "A new species of snub-nosed monkey, genus Rhinopithecus Milne-Edwards, 1872 (Primates, Colobinae), from northern Kachin state, northeastern Myanmar". American Journal of Primatology. 73 (1): 96–107. doi:10.1002/ajp.20894. PMID 20981682. S2CID 467234. Archived from the original on June 8, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
      • Yang, Y.; et al. (2019). "First insights into the feeding habits of the Critically Endangered black snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus strykeri (Colobinae, Primates)". Primates. 60 (2): 143–153. doi:10.1007/s10329-019-00717-0. PMID 30847671. S2CID 71145324.
    • Tonkin snub-nosed monkey: Cherka, Rachel (2014). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  41. ^ Rhinopithecus habitats:
    • Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey: Long, Y.; et al. (2020). "Rhinopithecus bieti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19597A17943738. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19597A17943738.en.
    • Golden snub-nosed monkey: Yongcheng, L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Rhinopithecus roxellana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T19596A196491153. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19596A196491153.en.
    • Gray snub-nosed monkey: Long, Y.; et al. (2022). "Rhinopithecus brelichi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T19595A215621115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T19595A215621115.en.
    • Myanmar snub-nosed monkey: Geissmann, T.; et al. (2020). "Rhinopithecus strykeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13508501A17943490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13508501A17943490.en.
    • Tonkin snub-nosed monkey: Quyet, L. K.; et al. (2020). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19594A17944213. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19594A17944213.en.
  42. ^ a b c Semnopithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  43. ^ Nowak 1999b, p. 156
  44. ^ Quinten, M; et al. (2020). "Simias concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T20229A17953422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T20229A17953422.en.
  45. ^ Rankin, Lyndsay (2006). "Simias concolor". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  46. ^ a b Trachypithecus sizes and diets:
    • Annamese langur, Cat Ba langur, Delacour's langur, Indochinese grey langur, Laotian langur, Popa langur, Shortridge's langur, Selangor silvered langur, Tenasserim lutung, West Javan langur, White-headed langur: Nowak 1999a, p. 602
    • Capped langur:
    • Dusky leaf monkey: Viswanathan, Lata (2002). "Trachypithecus obscurus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • East Javan langur: Cannon, William; et al. (2009). "Trachypithecus auratus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • François' langur:
    • Gee's golden langur: Raval, Shivani (2004). "Trachypithecus geei". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
    • Germain's langur:
    • Hatinh langur, Indochinese black langur:
      • Nowak 1999a, p. 602
      • Quyet, L. K.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus hatinhensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T40789A196139355. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40789A196139355.en.
    • Phayre's leaf monkey:
    • Silvery lutung: Bedore, Christine (2005). "Trachypithecus cristatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
  47. ^ Trachypithecus habitats:
    • Annamese langur: Hoang Minh Duc, Nadler; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Trachypithecus margarita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T39875A210372003. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39875A210372003.en.
    • Capped langur: Das, J.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Trachypithecus pileatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22041A196580469. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22041A196580469.en.
    • Cat Ba langur: Rawson, B. M.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus poliocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39871A17959804. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39871A17959804.en.
    • Delacour's langur: Nadler, T.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus delacouri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22043A17958988. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22043A17958988.en.
    • Dusky leaf monkey: Boonratana, R.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22039A17960562. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22039A17960562.en.
    • East Javan langur: Nijman, V. (2021). "Trachypithecus auratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39848A17988500. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39848A17988500.en.
    • François' langur: Nadler, T.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus francoisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39853A17958817. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39853A17958817.en.
    • Gee's golden langur: Das, J.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus geei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22037A17960997. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22037A17960997.en.
    • Germain's langur: Duc, H.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Trachypithecus germaini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T39874A217754957. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39874A217754957.en.
    • Hatinh langur, Indochinese black langur: Quyet, L. K.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus hatinhensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T40789A196139355. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40789A196139355.en.
    • Indochinese grey langur: Yongcheng, L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus crepusculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136920A204397334. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T136920A204397334.en.
    • Laotian langur: Coudrat, C. N. Z.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus laotum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22044A17959133. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22044A17959133.en.
    • Phayre's leaf monkey: Chetry, D.; et al. (2021). "Trachypithecus phayrei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T175862145A175862149. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T175862145A175862149.en.
    • Popa langur: Matauschek, C.; et al. (2022). "Trachypithecus popa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T196344474A196344962. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T196344474A196344962.en.
    • Shortridge's langur: Long, Y.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus shortridgei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39869A17961202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39869A17961202.en.
    • Selangor silvered langur: Ang, A.; et al. (2021). "Trachypithecus selangorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T205911038A205911065. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T205911038A205911065.en.
    • Silvery lutung: Meijaard, E.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus cristatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22035A17959977. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22035A17959977.en.
    • Tenasserim lutung: Nadler, T. (2021). "Trachypithecus barbei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41554A17960144. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41554A17960144.en.
    • West Javan langur: Setiawan, A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus mauritius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39849A196325582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39849A196325582.en.
    • White-headed langur: Bleisch, B.; et al. (2020). "Trachypithecus leucocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39872A17988378. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39872A17988378.en.
  48. ^ a b Gorilla sizes and diets:
  49. ^ Gorilla habitats:
    • Eastern gorilla: Plumptre, A.; et al. (2019). "Gorilla beringei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T39994A115576640. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39994A115576640.en.
    • Western gorilla: Maisels, F.; et al. (2018) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Gorilla gorilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T9404A136250858. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T9404A136250858.en.
  50. ^ Roser, M.; et al. (2019). "Human Height". Our World in Data. Global Change Data Lab. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  51. ^ a b Pan sizes and diets:
  52. ^ Pan habitats:
    • Bonobo: Fruth, B.; et al. (2016) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Pan paniscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15932A102331567. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15932A17964305.en.
    • Chimpanzee: Humle, T.; et al. (2016) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Pan troglodytes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15933A129038584. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15933A17964454.en. hdl:1893/26837.
  53. ^ a b Pongo sizes and diets:
  54. ^ Pongo habitats:
    • Bornean orangutan: Ancrenaz, M.; et al. (2016) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Pongo pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T17975A123809220. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T17975A17966347.en.
    • Sumatran orangutan: Singleton, I.; et al. (2017) [errata version of 2018 assessment]. "Pongo abelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T121097935A123797627. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T121097935A115575085.en.
    • Tapanuli orangutan: Nater, A.; et al. (2017). "Morphometric, behavioral, and genomic evidence for a new orangutan species". Current Biology. 27 (22): 3487–3498. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.047. hdl:10230/34400. PMID 29103940.
  55. ^ a b c Hoolock sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Eastern hoolock gibbon:
      • Lussier, Zachary (September 2022). "Eastern Hoolock Gibbon, Hoolock leuconedys". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
      • Brockelman, W; et al. (2019). "Hoolock leuconedys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T118355453A17968300. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T118355453A17968300.en.
    • Skywalker hoolock gibbon:
    • Western hoolock gibbon:
  56. ^ a b c Hylobates sizes, habitats, and diets:
  57. ^ a b c Nomascus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black crested gibbon:
    • Eastern black crested gibbon:
      • DiCesare, Maria (August 2022). "Cao-Vit Gibbon, Nomascus nasutus". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Rawson, B. M.; et al. (2020). "Nomascus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41642A17969578. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41642A17969578.en.
    • Hainan black crested gibbon:
      • DiCesare, Maria (August 2022). "Cao-Vit Gibbon, Nomascus nasutus". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Geissmann, T.; et al. (2020). "Nomascus hainanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41643A17969392. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41643A17969392.en.
    • Northern buffed-cheeked gibbon:
      • DiCesare, Maria (August 2022). "Cao-Vit Gibbon, Nomascus nasutus". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Thinh Van Ngoc, Roos; et al. (2020). "Nomascus annamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T120659170A120659179. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T120659170A120659179.en.
    • Northern white-cheeked gibbon:
    • Southern white-cheeked gibbon:
      • Lussier, Zachary (July 2022). "Southern White-Cheeked Gibbon, Nomascus siki". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Nguyen, M. H.; et al. (2020). "Nomascus siki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39896A17968765. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39896A17968765.en.
    • Yellow-cheeked gibbon:
      • Lussier, Zachary (August 2023). "Southern Yellow-Cheeked Gibbon, Nomascus gabriellae". New England Primate Conservancy. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
      • Rawson, B. M.; et al. (2020). "Nomascus gabriellae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T128073282A17968950. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T128073282A17968950.en.
  58. ^ Eastridge, Andrew (2023). "Symphalangus syndactylus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved August 24, 2023.
  59. ^ a b Nijman, V.; et al. (2020). "Symphalangus syndactylus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39779A17967873. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39779A17967873.en.
  60. ^ a b c Aotus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Azara's night monkey:
    • Black-headed night monkey:
      • Covert, Tara (April 2021). "Black-Headed Night Monkey, Aotus nigriceps". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Shanee, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Aotus nigriceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41542A190455194. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41542A190455194.en.
    • Brumback's night monkey:
    • Gray-bellied night monkey:
    • Gray-handed night monkey:
    • Hernández-Camacho's night monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 111
      • Defler, T. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Aotus jorgehernandezi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136211A190453268. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136211A190453268.en.
    • Nancy Ma's night monkey:
      • Bahr, Laura Lee (September 2021). "Nancy Ma's Night Monkey, Aotus nancymaae". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Maldonado, A.; et al. (2020). "Aotus nancymaae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41540A115578713. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T41540A115578713.en.
      • Graf, John (2006). "Aotus nancymaae". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Panamanian night monkey:
      • Covert, Tara (May 2021). "Panamanian Night Monkey, Aotus zonalis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Méndez-Carvajal, P. G.; et al. (2021). "Aotus zonalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39953A17922442. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39953A17922442.en.
    • Peruvian night monkey:
    • Spix's night monkey:
      • Quinlan, K. Clare (March 2020). "Spix's Night Monkey, Aotus vociferans". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Guzmán-Caro, D. C.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Aotus vociferans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41544A191682904. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41544A191682904.en.
    • Three-striped night monkey:
  61. ^ a b c Alouatta sizes, habitats, and diets:
  62. ^ a b Ateles sizes and diets:
  63. ^ Ateles habitats:
    • Black-headed spider monkey: Moscoso, P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Ateles fusciceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T135446A191687087. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T135446A191687087.en.
    • Brown spider monkey: Link, A.; et al. (2020). "Ateles hybridus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39961A17929680. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39961A17929680.en.
    • Geoffroy's spider monkey: Cortes-Ortíz, L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Ateles geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T2279A191688782. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2279A191688782.en.
    • Peruvian spider monkey: Alves, S. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Ateles chamek". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41547A191685783. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41547A191685783.en.
    • Red-faced spider monkey: Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Ateles paniscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T2283A191691902. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2283A191691902.en.
    • White-bellied spider monkey: Link, A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Ateles belzebuth". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T2276A191684587. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2276A191684587.en.
    • White-cheeked spider monkey: Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Ateles marginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T2282A191689524. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2282A191689524.en.
  64. ^ a b Brachyteles sizes and diets:
  65. ^ Brachyteles habitats:
    • Northern muriqui: de Melo, F. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Brachyteles hypoxanthus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T2994A191693399. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2994A191693399.en.
    • Southern muriqui: Talebi, M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Brachyteles arachnoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T2993A191692658. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2993A191692658.en.
  66. ^ a b Lagothrix sizes and diets:
    • Common woolly monkey: Stone, Ivan (2001). "Lagothrix lagotricha". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Yellow-tailed woolly monkey:
      • Botting, Jennifer (April 2020). "Peruvian Yellow-Tailed Wooly Monkey, Lagothrix flavicauda". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Shanee, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Lagothrix flavicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39924A192307818. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39924A192307818.en.
  67. ^ Lagothrix habitats:
    • Common woolly monkey: Stevenson, P. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Lagothrix lagothricha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T160881218A192309103. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T160881218A192309103.en.
    • Yellow-tailed woolly monkey: Shanee, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Lagothrix flavicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39924A192307818. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39924A192307818.en.
  68. ^ a b Maffei, Devin (2023). "Callimico goeldii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  69. ^ Palacios, E.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Callimico goeldii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T3564A191700340. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3564A191700340.en.
  70. ^ a b Callithrix sizes and diets:
  71. ^ Callithrix habitats:
    • Black-tufted marmoset: Valle, R. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Callithrix penicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41519A191705321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41519A191705321.en.
    • Buffy-headed marmoset: de Melo, F. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Callithrix flaviceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T3571A191700879. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3571A191700879.en.
    • Buffy-tufted marmoset: de Melo, F. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Callithrix aurita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T3570A191700629. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3570A191700629.en.
    • Common marmoset: Valença-Montenegro, M. M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Callithrix jacchus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41518A191705043. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41518A191705043.en.
    • White-headed marmoset: de Melo, F. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Callithrix geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T3572A191701212. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3572A191701212.en.
    • Wied's marmoset: Neves, L. G.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Callithrix kuhlii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T3575A191701453. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T3575A191701453.en.
  72. ^ a b Cebuella sizes and diets:
  73. ^ Cebuella habitats:
    • Eastern pygmy marmoset: de la Torre, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebuella niveiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136865A191707236. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136865A191707236.en.
    • Western pygmy marmoset: de la Torre, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Cebuella pygmaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136926A200203263. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T136926A200203263.en.
  74. ^ a b c Leontocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Andean saddle-back tamarin:
    • Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin:
    • Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin:
    • Illiger's saddle-back tamarin:
    • Lesson's saddle-back tamarin:
    • Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin:
    • Weddell's saddle-back tamarin:
      • Lussier, Zachary (September 2021). "Weddel's Saddle-Back Tamarin, Leontocebus weddelli". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Leontocebus weddelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T160939221A192315781. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T160939221A192315781.en.
  75. ^ a b Leontopithecus sizes and diets:
  76. ^ Leontopithecus habitats:
    • Black lion tamarin: Rezende, G.; et al. (2020). "Leontopithecus chrysopygus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11505A17935400. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11505A17935400.en.
    • Golden lion tamarin: Ruiz-Miranda, C. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Leontopithecus rosalia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T11506A192327291. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T11506A192327291.en.
    • Golden-headed lion tamarin: Oliveira, L. C.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Leontopithecus chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T40643A192327573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40643A192327573.en.
    • Superagüi lion tamarin: Ludwig, G.; et al. (2021). "Leontopithecus caissara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T11503A206547044. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T11503A206547044.en.
  77. ^ a b c Mico sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black-headed marmoset:
    • Black-tailed marmoset:
    • Emilia's marmoset:
      • Scott, Robyn (October 2023). "Emilia's Marmoset, Mico emiliae". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Canale, G. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Mico emiliae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T42691A192400402. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T42691A192400402.en.
    • Gold-and-white marmoset:
    • Hershkovitz's marmoset:
    • Marca's marmoset:
    • Maués marmoset: Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Mico mauesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41583A192400226. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41583A192400226.en.
    • Munduruku marmoset:
    • Rio Acarí marmoset:
    • Rondon's marmoset:
    • Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Callibella humilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41584A191706209. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41584A191706209.en.
    • Santarem marmoset:
    • Satéré marmoset:
    • Schneider's marmoset:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 124
      • Costa-Araújo, R.; et al. (2022) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Mico schneideri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T210363264A222945240. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210363264A222945240.en.
    • Silvery marmoset:
    • White marmoset: Ravetta, A. L.; et al. (2021). "Mico leucippe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39912A17934089. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39912A17934089.en.
  78. ^ a b c Saguinus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  79. ^ a b Cebus sizes and diets:
    • Colombian white-faced capuchin:
      • Downey, Kathleen (July 2016). "Columbian White-Throated Capuchin, Cebus capucinus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Long, John (2009). "Cebus capucinus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Kaapori capuchin:
    • Wedge-capped capuchin:
    • Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin:
      • Cherian, Acima (April 2023). "Humboldt's White-Fronted Capuchin, Cebus albifrons". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Mijal, Michelle (2001). "Cebus albifrons". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  80. ^ Cebus habitats:
    • Colombian white-faced capuchin: de la Torre, S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebus capucinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T81257277A191708164. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81257277A191708164.en.
    • Kaapori capuchin: Fialho, M. S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebus kaapori". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T40019A191704766. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40019A191704766.en.
    • Wedge-capped capuchin: Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebus olivaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T81384371A191708662. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81384371A191708662.en.
    • Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin: Link, A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cebus albifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39951A191703935. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39951A191703935.en.
  81. ^ a b c Sapajus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  82. ^ a b c Saimiri sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Bare-eared squirrel monkey:
    • Black squirrel monkey:
    • Black-capped squirrel monkey:
    • Central American squirrel monkey:
    • Collins' squirrel monkey: Silva Júnior, J. S.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Saimiri collinsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T70610928A192585417. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70610928A192585417.en.
    • Guianan squirrel monkey:
    • Humboldt's squirrel monkey:
      • Covert, Tara (July 2021). "Humboldt's Squirrel Monkey, Saimiri cassiquiarensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Paim, F. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Saimiri cassiquiarensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T160940148A192585552. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T160940148A192585552.en.
  83. ^ a b c Callicebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  84. ^ a b c Cheracebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Black titi monkey:
    • Collared titi monkey:
    • Colombian black-handed titi monkey:
    • Lucifer titi monkey:
      • Abrams, Sylvie (January 2022). "Lucifer Titi, Cheracebus lucifer". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Palacios, E.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Cheracebus lucifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T41564A217755333. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T41564A217755333.en.
    • Red-headed titi monkey:
  85. ^ a b c Plecturocebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Ashy black titi monkey:
    • Baptista Lake titi monkey:
    • Brown titi monkey:
    • Caquetá titi monkey:
      • Quinan, K. Clare (January 2023). "Caquetá Titi, Plecturocebus caquetensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Defler, T. R.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecturocebus caquetensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T14699281A192453101. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T14699281A192453101.en.
    • Chestnut-bellied titi monkey:
    • Coppery titi monkey:
    • Hershkovitz's titi monkey:
    • Hoffmanns's titi monkey:
    • Madidi titi monkey:
    • Milton's titi monkey:
    • Olalla brothers' titi monkey:
    • Ornate titi monkey:
      • Cherian, Acima (May 2023). "Ornate Titi, Plecturocebus ornatus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Carretero, X.; et al. (2020). "Plecturocebus ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39928A17974735. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39928A17974735.en.
    • Prince Bernhard's titi monkey:
    • Red-bellied titi monkey:
    • Rio Beni titi monkey:
    • Rio Mayo titi monkey:
    • Stephen Nash's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Plecturocebus stephennashi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41555A192452547. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41555A192452547.en.
    • Toppin's titi monkey:
    • Urubamba brown titi monkey:
    • Vieira's titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Costa-Araújo, R.; et al. (2022) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Plecturocebus vieirai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T70330181A222944989. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T70330181A222944989.en.
    • White-coated titi monkey:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 110
      • Rumiz, D. I.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecturocebus pallescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41549A192452042. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41549A192452042.en.
    • White-eared titi monkey:
      • Downey, Kathleen (February 2019). "Bolivian Gray Titi, Plecturocebus donacophilus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Mollinedo, J. M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Plecturocebus donacophilus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41548A192451894. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41548A192451894.en.
      • Venturelli, Nicholas (2011). "Callicebus donacophilus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • White-tailed titi monkey:
      • Abrams, Sylvie (September 2020). "White-Tailed Titi, Plecturocebus discolor". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Vermeer, J.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Plecturocebus discolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41553A192452388. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41553A192452388.en.
  86. ^ a b Cacajao sizes and diets:
  87. ^ Cacajao habitats:
    • Aracá uakari: Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cacajao ayresi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136419A191694077. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136419A191694077.en.
    • Bald uakari: Aquino, R.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Cacajao calvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T3416A210373615. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T3416A210373615.en.
    • Golden-backed uakari: Boubli, J. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cacajao melanocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T160875418A191697842. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T160875418A191697842.en.
    • Neblina uakari: Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Cacajao hosomi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136640A191697668. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136640A191697668.en.
  88. ^ a b Chiropotes sizes and diets:
    • Black bearded saki: Berne, Adam (2008). "Chiropotes satanas". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
    • Reddish-brown bearded saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 106
      • Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Chiropotes sagulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T70330167A191707709. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70330167A191707709.en.
    • Red-backed bearded saki:
      • Nowak 1999b, p. 106
      • Quinlan, K. Clare (December 2021). "Bearded Saki, Chiropotes chiropotes". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
    • Uta Hick's bearded saki:
    • White-nosed saki:
      • Covert, Tara (December 2018). "White-Nosed Saki, Chiropotes albinasus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Huff, Travis (2002). "Chiropotes albinasus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  89. ^ Chiropotes habitats:
    • Black bearded saki: Port-Carvalho, M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Chiropotes satanas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T39956A191704509. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39956A191704509.en.
    • Reddish-brown bearded saki: Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Chiropotes sagulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T70330167A191707709. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70330167A191707709.en.
    • Red-backed bearded saki: Boubli, J.; et al. (2018). "Chiropotes chiropotes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T43891A17976546. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T43891A17976546.en.
    • Uta Hick's bearded saki: Alonso, A. C.; et al. (2020). "Chiropotes utahickae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T43892A17976648. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T43892A17976648.en.
    • White-nosed saki: Pinto, L. P.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Chiropotes albinasus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T4685A191702783. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T4685A191702783.en.
  90. ^ a b c Pithecia sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Burnished saki:
    • Cazuza's saki:
    • Equatorial saki:
    • Golden-faced saki:
    • Hairy saki:
    • Isabel's saki:
    • Miller's saki:
    • Monk saki:
    • Napo saki:
      • Quinlan, K. Clare (June 2020). "Napo Saki, Pithecia napensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2018). "Pithecia napensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T39955A70609585. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T39955A70609585.en.
    • Rio Tapajós saki:
      • Botting, Jennifer (May 2020). "Gray's Bald-Faced Saki, Pithecia irrorata". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Pithecia irrorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T70610758A192448119. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T70610758A192448119.en.
    • Vanzolini's bald-faced saki:
    • White-faced saki:
    • White-footed saki:
      • Covert, Tara (November 2019). "Buffy Saki, Pithecia albicans". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
      • Marsh, L. K.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Pithecia albicans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T41567A192447067. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41567A192447067.en.
  91. ^ a b Kubicek, Carissa (2023). "Tarsius syrichta". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  92. ^ Shekelle, M. (2020). "Carlito syrichta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21492A17978520. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21492A17978520.en.
  93. ^ Downey, Kathleen (June 2017). "Horsfield's Tarsier, Cephalopachus bancanus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
  94. ^ Shekelle, M.; et al. (2020). "Cephalopachus bancanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T21488A17976989. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T21488A17976989.en.
  95. ^ McKeighan, Paul (2011). "Tarsius bancanus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  96. ^ a b c Tarsius sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Dian's tarsier:
    • Gursky's spectral tarsier:
      • Shekelle, M.; et al. (2017). "Two new tarsier species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia". Primate Conservation. 31: 61–69.
      • Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius spectrumgurskyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336422A162336580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336422A162336580.en.
    • Jatna's tarsier:
      • Shekelle, M.; et al. (2017). "Two new tarsier species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia". Primate Conservation. 31: 61–69.
      • Shekelle, M. (2020) [errata version of 2022 assessment]. "Tarsius supriatnai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162336881A220971513. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162336881A220971513.en.
    • Lariang tarsier:
    • Makassar tarsier:
    • Niemitz's tarsier:
      • Shekelle, M.; et al. (2019). "A new tarsier species from the Togean Islands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, with references to Wallacea and conservation on Sulawesi". Primate Conservation. 33: 1–9. S2CID 204801433.
      • Shekelle, M. (2020). "Tarsius niemitzi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T162337005A171341769. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T162337005A171341769.en.
    • Peleng tarsier:
    • Pygmy tarsier:
    • Sangihe tarsier:
    • Siau Island tarsier:
      • Downey, Kathleen (March 2019). "Siau Island Tarsier, Tarsius tumpara". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
      • Shekelle, M; et al. (2020). "Tarsius tumpara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T179234A17977202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en.
    • Spectral tarsier:
    • Wallace's tarsier:
  97. ^ Drury, Chad (2002). "Allocebus trichotis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  98. ^ a b Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Allocebus trichotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T868A115559302. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T868A115559302.en.
  99. ^ a b c Cheirogaleus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Ankarana dwarf lemur:
      • Frasier, C.; et al. (2016). "A New Species of Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus medius Group) from the Ankarana and Andrafiamena-Andavakoera Massifs, Madagascar". Primate Conservation. 30: 59–72.
      • Sgarlata, G. M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus shethi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163020756A163020759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163020756A163020759.en.
    • Fat-tailed dwarf lemur:
    • Furry-eared dwarf lemur:
    • Greater dwarf lemur:
    • Groves' dwarf lemur:
      • McLain, A. T.; et al. (2017). "A New Cheirogaleus (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus crossleyi Group) Species from Southeastern Madagascar" (PDF). Primate Conservation. 31: 27–36.
      • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus grovesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163021927A163021999. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163021927A163021999.en.
    • Lavasoa dwarf lemur:
      • Anderson, Natali (July 29, 2013). "Lavasoa Dwarf Lemur: New Species Found on Madagascar". Sci-News.com. Retrieved August 2, 2013.
      • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus lavasoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163022131A163022293. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163022131A163022293.en.
    • Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur:
    • Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur:
      • "Montagne d'Ambre Dwarf Lemur: New Species Found". Sci News. October 12, 2015. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Sgarlata, G. M.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus andysabini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163021607A163021799. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163021607A163021799.en.
    • Sibree's dwarf lemur:
    • Thomas' dwarf lemur:
      • Ganzhorn, J.; et al. (2020). "Cheirogaleus thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163022885A163312222. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163022885A163312222.en.
  100. ^ a b c Microcebus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Genus general diet: Thorén, S.; et al. (2011). "Seasonal Changes in Feeding Ecology and Activity Patterns of Two Sympatric Mouse Lemur Species, the Gray Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus) and the Golden-brown Mouse Lemur (M. ravelobensis), in Northwestern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 32 (3): 566–586. doi:10.1007/s10764-010-9488-1. S2CID 39339969.
    • Anosy mouse lemur:
      • Rasoloarison, R. M.; et al. (2013). "Two new species of mouse lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 34 (3): 455–469. doi:10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1. S2CID 17860060.
      • Donati, G.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus tanosi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163024481A163024490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163024481A163024490.en.
    • Arnhold's mouse lemur:
      • Louis Jr., E.; et al. (2008). "Revision of the Mouse Lemurs, Microcebus (Primates, Lemuriformes), of Northern and Northwestern Madagascar with Descriptions of Two New Species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest" (PDF). Primate Conservation. 23 (1): 19–38. doi:10.1896/052.023.0103. S2CID 84533039. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2009.
      • Sgarlata, G. M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus arnholdi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971390A115587373. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971390A115587373.en.
    • Bemanasy mouse lemur: Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus manitatra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163313848A163313878. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163313848A163313878.en.
    • Bongolava mouse lemur:
    • Brown mouse lemur:
    • Claire's mouse lemur:
    • Danfoss's mouse lemur:
    • Ganzhorn's mouse lemur:
      • Ganzhorn, J.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus ganzhorni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163313085A163313088. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163313085A163313088.en.
    • Gerp's mouse lemur:
      • Radespiel, U.; et al. (2011). "First indications of a highland specialist among mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) and evidence for a new mouse lemur species from eastern Madagascar". Primates. 53 (2): 157–170. PMID 22198090. S2CID 8473176.
      • Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2014). "Microcebus gerpi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T16971461A16971464. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T16971461A16971464.en.
    • Golden-brown mouse lemur:
    • Goodman's mouse lemur:
    • Gray mouse lemur:
    • Jolly's mouse lemur:
      • Garbutt, p. 95
      • Borgerson, C.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Microcebus jollyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136458A180179376. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136458A180179376.en.
    • Jonah's mouse lemur:
      • Schüßler, D.; et al. (2020). "Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species". American Journal of Primatology. 82 (9). doi:10.1002/ajp.23180.
      • Schüßler, D.; et al. (2021). "Microcebus jonahi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T196429436A196429566. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T196429436A196429566.en.
      • Schüßler, D.; et al. (2021). "Microcebus jonahi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T196429436A196429566. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T196429436A196429566.en.
    • MacArthur's mouse lemur:
      • Schüßler, D.; et al. (2020). "Ecology and morphology of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in a hotspot of microendemism in northeastern Madagascar, with the description of a new species". American Journal of Primatology. 82 (9). doi:10.1002/ajp.23180.
      • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus macarthurii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971425A115587527. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971425A115587527.en.
    • Madame Berthe's mouse lemur:
    • Margot Marsh's mouse lemur:
      • Louis Jr., E.; et al. (2008). "Revision of the Mouse Lemurs, Microcebus (Primates, Lemuriformes), of Northern and Northwestern Madagascar with Descriptions of Two New Species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest" (PDF). Primate Conservation. 23 (1): 19–38. doi:10.1896/052.023.0103. S2CID 84533039. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2009.
      • Blanco, M.; et al. (2020). "Microcebus margotmarshae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971364A115587239. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971364A115587239.en.
    • Marohita mouse lemur:
      • Rasoloarison, R. M.; et al. (2013). "Two new species of mouse lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 34 (3): 455–469. doi:10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1. S2CID 17860060.
      • Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2014). "Microcebus marohita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T46251646A46251651. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T46251646A46251651.en.
    • Northern rufous mouse lemur:
    • Nosy Boraha mouse lemur:
      • Mittermeier, R. A.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Microcebus boraha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163314140A182240168. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T163314140A182240168.en.
    • Pygmy mouse lemur:
    • Reddish-gray mouse lemur:
    • Sambirano mouse lemur:
    • Simmons' mouse lemur:
  101. ^ a b c Mirza sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Coquerel's giant mouse lemur:
    • Northern giant mouse lemur:
  102. ^ a b c Phaner sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur:
    • Masoala fork-marked lemur:
    • Pale fork-marked lemur:
      • Quinlan, K. Clare (August 2022). "Pale Fork-Marked Lemur, Phaner pallescens". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Borgerson, C. (2020). "Phaner pallescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16874A115571047. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16874A115571047.en.
    • Pariente's fork-marked lemur:
  103. ^ a b Boucher, Elizabeth (2007). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  104. ^ Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T6302A115560793. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T6302A115560793.en.
  105. ^ a b c Avahi sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Bemaraha woolly lemur:
      • Andriantompohavana, R.; et al. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, Genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes)" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 51: 44–46.
      • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Avahi cleesei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136335A115582253. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136335A115582253.en.
      • Elster, Eli (June 2023). "Bemaraka Wooly Lemur, Avahi cleesei". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
    • Betsileo woolly lemur:
      • Andriantompohavana, R.; et al. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, Genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes)" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 51: 44–46.
      • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Avahi betsileo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136767A115585814. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136767A115585814.en.
    • Eastern woolly lemur:
    • Moore's woolly lemur:
      • Lei, R.; et al. (2008). "Nocturnal lemur diversity at Masoala National Park". Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 53: 1–48.
      • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Avahi mooreorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971566A115588141. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971566A115588141.en.
    • Peyrieras's woolly lemur:
      • Esp, Dana (September 2023). "Peyrieras' Wooly Lemur, Avahi peyrierasi". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Avahi peyrierasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136285A115581938. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136285A115581938.en.
    • Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur:
      • Andriantompohavana, R.; et al. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, Genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes)" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 51: 44–46.
      • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Avahi ramanantsoavanai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136434A115583017. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136434A115583017.en.
    • Sambirano woolly lemur:
    • Southern woolly lemur:
      • Andriantompohavana, R.; et al. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the woolly lemurs, Genus Avahi (Primates: Lemuriformes)" (PDF). Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 51: 44–46.
      • Donati, G.; et al. (2020). "Avahi meridionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136369A115582568. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136369A115582568.en.
    • Western woolly lemur:
  106. ^ a b Lundrigan, Barbara; et al. (2000). "Indri indri". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  107. ^ King, T.; et al. (2020). "Indri indri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10826A115565566. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10826A115565566.en.
  108. ^ a b c Propithecus sizes, habitats, and diets:
  109. ^ a b c Eulemur sizes, habitats, and diets:
  110. ^ a b c Hapalemur sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Eastern lesser bamboo lemur:
    • Golden bamboo lemur:
    • Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur:
      • Quinlan, K. Clare (February 2022). "Lac Alaotra Gentle Lemur, Hapalemur alaotrensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Ralainasolo, F. B.; et al. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Hapalemur alaotrensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9676A182236363. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T9676A182236363.en.
    • Southern lesser bamboo lemur:
    • Western lesser bamboo lemur:
  111. ^ a b Baumhofer, Emma (2017). "Lemur catta". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  112. ^ LaFleur, M.; et al. (2020). "Lemur catta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11496A115565760. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11496A115565760.en.
  113. ^ a b Hoving, Melissa (2011). "Prolemur simus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  114. ^ Ravaloharimanitra, M.; et al. (2020). "Prolemur simus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9674A115564770. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9674A115564770.en.
  115. ^ a b Varecia sizes and diets:
  116. ^ Varecia habitats:
    • Black-and-white ruffed lemur: Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Varecia variegata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22918A115574178. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22918A115574178.en.
    • Red ruffed lemur: Borgerson, C.; et al. (2020). "Varecia rubra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22920A115574598. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22920A115574598.en.
  117. ^ a b c Lepilemur sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • AEECL's sportive lemur:
    • Ahmanson's sportive lemur:
      • Garbutt, p. 131
      • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Lepilemur ahmansoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136843A196465915. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136843A196465915.en.
    • Ankarana sportive lemur:
      • DiCesare, Maria (November 2022). "Ankarana Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur ankaranensis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur ankaranensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136731A115585357. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136731A115585357.en.
    • Betsileo sportive lemur:
    • Daraina sportive lemur:
    • Fleurete's sportive lemur:
    • Gray-backed sportive lemur:
      • Abrams, Sylvie (December 2021). "Gray-Backed Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur dorsalis". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Louis Jr, E. E.; et al. (2022). "Lepilemur dorsalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T210368667A210368927. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210368667A210368927.en.
    • Grewcock's sportive lemur:
    • Hawks' sportive lemur:
    • Holland's sportive lemur:
      • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur hollandorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971489A115587841. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971489A115587841.en.
    • Hubbard's sportive lemur:
    • James' sportive lemur:
    • Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur:
    • Northern sportive lemur:
    • Otto's sportive lemur:
    • Petter's sportive lemur:
    • Randrianasolo's sportive lemur:
      • Downey, Kathleen (October 2021). "Randrianasolo's Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur randrianasoloi". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur randrianasoloi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136254A115581313. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136254A115581313.en.
    • Red-tailed sportive lemur:
      • DiCesare, Maria (April 2023). "Red-Tailed Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur ruficaudatus". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur ruficaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11621A115566869. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11621A115566869.en.
    • Sahamalaza sportive lemur:
      • Botting, Jennifer (October 2020). "Sahamalaza Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur sahamalaza". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Randriatahina, G.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur sahamalaza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136645A115584072. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136645A115584072.en.
    • Scott's sportive lemur:
      • Lei, R.; et al. (2008). "Nocturnal lemur diversity at Masoala National Park". Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 53: 1–48.
      • Eppley, T. M.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur scottorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971518A115587981. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16971518A115587981.en.
    • Seal's sportive lemur:
      • Lei, R.; et al. (2008). "Nocturnal lemur diversity at Masoala National Park". Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 53: 1–48.
      • Louis, E. E.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur seali". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136707A115585037. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136707A115585037.en.
    • Small-toothed sportive lemur:
      • Covert, Tara (September 2019). "Small-Toothed Sportive Lemur, Lepilemur microdon". New England Primate Conservancy. Retrieved November 27, 2023.
      • Wright, P.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur microdon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11619A115566492. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11619A115566492.en.
    • Weasel sportive lemur:
    • White-footed sportive lemur:
    • Wright's sportive lemur:
      • Lei, R.; et al. (2008). "Nocturnal lemur diversity at Masoala National Park". Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University. 53: 1–48.
      • Wright, P.; et al. (2020). "Lepilemur wrightae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136311A115582103. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136311A115582103.en.
  118. ^ a b c Euoticus sizes, habitats, and diets:
    • Northern needle-clawed bushbaby:
    • Southern needle-clawed bushbaby:
  119. ^ a b Galago sizes and diets:
  120. ^ Galago habitats:
    • Dusky bushbaby: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2019). "Galago matschiei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T8787A17963414. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8787A17963414.en.
    • Mohol bushbaby: Bearder, S.; et al. (2021). "Galago moholi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T8788A206563837. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T8788A206563837.en.
    • Senegal bushbaby: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Galago senegalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T8789A17963505. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8789A17963505.en.
    • Somali bushbaby: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Galago gallarum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T8786A17963185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8786A17963185.en.
  121. ^ a b Galagoides sizes and diets:
    • Angolan dwarf galago: Svensson, M. S.; et al. (2017). "A giant among dwarfs: a new species of galago (Primates: Galagidae) from Angola". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 163 (1): 30–43. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23175. PMID 28224607. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
    • Prince Demidoff's bushbaby: Sampson, Christie (2004). "Galago demidoff". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
    • Thomas's bushbaby: Phan, Jeremy (2009). "Galago thomasi". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
  122. ^ Galagoides habitats:
    • Angolan dwarf galago: Svensson, M.; et al. (2020). "Galagoides kumbirensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T164378198A164378551. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T164378198A164378551.en.
    • Prince Demidoff's bushbaby: Svensson, M.; et al. (2019). "Galagoides demidoff". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T40649A17962255. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T40649A17962255.en.
    • Thomas's bushbaby: Svensson, M.; et al. (2019). "Galagoides thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T40653A17962691. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T40653A17962691.en.
  123. ^ a b Otolemur sizes and diets:
  124. ^ Otolemur habitats:
    • Brown greater galago: Masters, J.; et al. (2019). "Otolemur crassicaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T15643A17963699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T15643A17963699.en.
    • Northern greater galago: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Otolemur garnettii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T15644A17963837. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T15644A17963837.en.
  125. ^ a b Paragalago sizes and diets:
  126. ^ Paragalago habitats:
    • Grant's bushbaby: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Paragalago granti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T91970347A17962454. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T91970347A17962454.en.
    • Kenya coast galago: Butynski, T. M.; et al. (2019). "Paragalago cocos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136212A17963050. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136212A17963050.en.
    • Rondo dwarf galago: Perkin, A. (2020). "Paragalago rondoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T40652A17962115. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T40652A17962115.en.
    • Uluguru bushbaby: Perkin, A. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Paragalago orinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T40651A190242954. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40651A190242954.en.
    • Zanzibar bushbaby: Perkin, A.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Paragalago zanzibaricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8790A179843811. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8790A179843811.en.
  127. ^ a b Sciurocheirus sizes and diets:
  128. ^ Sciurocheirus habitats:
    • Bioko Allen's bushbaby: Perkin, A.; et al. (2020). "Sciurocheirus alleni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8785A95509640. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8785A95509640.en.
    • Gabon bushbaby: Oates, J. F. (2019). "Sciurocheirus gabonensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136214A17961659. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136214A17961659.en.
    • Makandé squirrel galago: Svensson, M.; et al. (2020). "Sciurocheirus makandensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T91979463A91979703. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T91979463A91979703.en.
  129. ^ a b Loris sizes and diets:
  130. ^ Loris habitats:
    • Gray slender loris: Dittus, W.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Loris lydekkerianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T44722A217741551. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T44722A217741551.en.
    • Red slender loris: Gamage, S. N.; et al. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Loris tardigradus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T12375A217756381. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T12375A217756381.en.
  131. ^ a b Nycticebus sizes and diets:
    • General sizes: Munds, R. A.; et al. (2013) [2012 online]. "Taxonomy of the Bornean slow loris, with new species Nycticebus kayan (Primates, Lorisidae)" (PDF). American Journal of Primatology. 75 (1): 46–56. doi:10.1002/ajp.22071. PMID 23255350. S2CID 17077282. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
    • Bangka slow loris: Nekaris; Bearder, pp. 28–33
    • Bengal slow loris: Smith, Reyd (2015). "Nycticebus bengalensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 25, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
    • Bornean slow loris: Supriatna, p. 25
    • Javan slow loris: Supriatna, pp. 21–22
    • Kayan River slow loris:
      • Munds, R. A.; et al. (2013) [2012 online]. "Taxonomy of the Bornean slow loris, with new species Nycticebus kayan (Primates, Lorisidae)" (PDF). American Journal of Primatology. 75 (1): 46–56. doi:10.1002/ajp.22071. PMID 23255350. S2CID 17077282. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
      • Supriatna, p. 30
    • Philippine slow loris: Ravosa, M. J. (1998). "Cranial allometry and geographic variation in slow lorises (Nycticebus)". American Journal of Primatology. 45 (3): 225–243. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)45:3<225::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-Y. PMID 9651647. S2CID 20144250.
    • Sumatran slow loris:
      • Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2007). "Unexpected diversity of slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.) within the Javan pet trade: implications for slow loris taxonomy". Contributions to Zoology. 76 (3): 187–196. doi:10.1163/18759866-07603004. S2CID 45718454.
      • Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus hilleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163019804A163020000. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163019804A163020000.en.
    • Sunda slow loris: Peña, Paul (2013). "Nycticebus coucang". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
  132. ^ Nycticebus habitats:
    • Bangka slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus bancanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163015864A163015867. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163015864A163015867.en.
    • Bengal slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Nycticebus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39758A179045340. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39758A179045340.en.
    • Bornean slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus borneanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163015906A163015915. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163015906A163015915.en.
    • Javan slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020) [errata version of 2021 assessment]. "Nycticebus javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39761A205911512. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39761A205911512.en.
    • Kayan River slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus kayan". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163015583A163015849. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163015583A163015849.en.
    • Philippine slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus menagensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163013860A17970781. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163013860A17970781.en.
    • Sumatran slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus hilleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163019804A163020000. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163019804A163020000.en.
    • Sunda slow loris: Nekaris, K. A. I.; et al. (2020). "Nycticebus coucang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163017685A17970966. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163017685A17970966.en.
  133. ^ a b Gray, Margaret (2011). "Nycticebus pygmaeus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
  134. ^ Blair, M.; et al. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Nycticebus pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T14941A198267330. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T14941A198267330.en.
  135. ^ a b Arctocebus sizes and diets:
  136. ^ Arctocebus habitats:
    • Calabar angwantibo: Oates, J. F.; et al. (2019). "Arctocebus calabarensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T2054A17969996. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T2054A17969996.en.
    • Golden angwantibo: Svensson, M.; et al. (2019). "Arctocebus aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T2053A17969875. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T2053A17969875.en.
  137. ^ a b Perodicticus sizes and diets:
  138. ^ Perodicticus habitats:
    • Central African potto: Svensson, M.; et al. (2019). "Perodicticus edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136852A91996061. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136852A91996061.en.
    • East African potto: de Jong, Y. A.; et al. (2019). "Perodicticus ibeanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136875A91996195. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136875A91996195.en.
    • West African potto: Svensson, M.; et al. (2020). "Perodicticus potto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T91995408A92248699. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T91995408A92248699.en.

Sources

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Lists of mammal species
By classBy subclass or infraclassBy order
By suborder or family
Artiodactyla
Carnivora
Chiroptera
Diprotodontia
Eulipotyphla
Lagomorpha
Primates
By species