List of wars involving Kazakhstan

This is a list of wars involving Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakh and the predecessor states of Kazakhstan to the present day. It also includes wars fought outside Kazakhstan by the Kazakh military.

Legends of results:

  Victory

  Defeat

  Stalemate

  Ongoing

Cumania (1025—1241)

After the fall of the Kimek-Kipchak confederation at the beginning of the 11th century. military-political hegemony on the territory of the former settlement of the Kimek, Kipchak and Cuman tribes passed into the hands of the Kipchak khans. The dynastic nobility of the Kipchaks who came to power began to take active steps in the southern and western directions, which led to direct contacts with the states of Central Asia and Southeast Europe.

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	Khan
1070	First Kipchak invasion of Hungary[1][citation needed]	Cumania	Kingdom of Hungary		Sharukan

Kazakh Khanate (1465—1847)

Kazakh Khanate was established by Janibek Khan and Kerei Khan in 1465. Both khans came from Turco-Mongol clan of Tore which traces its lineage to Genghis Khan through dynasty of Jochids. The Tore clan continued to rule the khanate until its fall to the Russian Empire.

From 16th to 17th century, the Kazakh Khanate ruled and expanded its territories to eastern Cumania (modern-day West Kazakhstan), to most of Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan and the Syr Darya river with military confrontation as far as Astrakhan and Khorasan Province, which are now in Russia and Iran, respectively. The Khanate was later weakened by a series of Oirat and Dzungar invasions. These resulted in a decline and further disintegration into three Juzes, which gradually lost their sovereignty and were incorporated to the expanding Russian Empire in the 19th century.

Kazakh Khanate (1465-1847)

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	Khan/Leader	Kazakh losses	Enemy losses
1468-1500	Kazakh War of Independence	Kazakh Khanate  Timurid Empire Khanate of Sibir	Uzbek Khanate Nogai Horde Western Moghulistan	Victory Kazakhs maintain independence from the Uzbek Khanate	Kerei Khan Janibek Khan Burunduk Khan	?	?
1499-1502	Kazakh-Kalmyk War	Kazakh Khanate	Kalmyks	Victory	Burunduk Khan	?	?
1503-1504	First Kazakh-Uzbek War[2]	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Bukhara	Victory	Kasym Khan	?	?
1505-1506	Second Kazakh-Uzbek War[2]	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Bukhara	Victory		?	?
1509-1510	Third Kazakh-Uzbek War	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Bukhara	Victory		?	?
1518-1520	Kasym Khan's Nogai campaign[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate	Nogai Horde	Victory Kazakhs captured of Saray-Jük		?	?
1522-1538	First Kazakh Khanate Civil War	Kazakhs	Kazakhs	Victory for Haqnazar Khan	Haqnazar Khan	?	?
1541-1558	Haqnazar Khan's Bukhara campaigns[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Bukhara	Victory		?	?
1557-1559	Haqnazar's campaign against Dervesh Khan[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Bukhara	Victory		?	?
1563	Haqnazar's War against Siberia[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Sibir	Victory		?	?
1569	Conquest of the Nogai Horde[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate	Nogai Horde	Victory		?	?
1577-1579	Abdullah-Baba War[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate Khanate of Bukhara	Shaybanids of Turkestan	Victory Haqnazar Khan took back Turkestan and Sauran, other settlements in the Southern region		?	?
1598	Kazakh invasion of Northern Bukhara[3]	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Bukhara	Victory Kazakhs conquered Tashkent, Samarkand[4] and Turkestan[5] but failed to conquer Bukhara	Tauekel khan	?	?
1603-1624	Kazakh-Bukhara War[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Bukhara	Victory The final accession of the Syrdarya cities to the Kazakh Khanate	?	?
1607	Yesim Khan conquest of Western Kazakhstan[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate	Kalmyks	Victory	?	?
1643-1756	Kazakh-Dzungar Wars Battle of Orbulaq Battle of Añyraqai	Kazakh Khanate	Dzungar Khanate Kalmyk Khanate	Victory Dzungar genocide Destruction of the Dzungar Khanate	Salqam Jangir Khan Bahadur Khan Tauke Khan Qaiyp Khan Bolat Khan Abulmambet Khan Ablai Khan	~1,000,000 killed	~1,500,000 killed
First period of the XVIII century	Kazakh-Cossack War[citation needed] North Kazakhstan Raids Kalmyk campaigns of 1723—1726	Kazakh Khanate Kazakhs and Karakalpaks	Russian Empire Kalmyk Khanate	Victory	Abul Khair Khan	~350 killed and captured	~16,600 killed and captured
1743-1747	Abul Khair–Neplyuyev conflict	Kazakh Khanate	Russian Empire	Victory		~50 killed	~738-815 killed and captured
1756	First Kazakh-Qing War[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate Dzungars of Amursana	Qing dynasty	Victory 17,000 Chinese were killed in the Battle of the Shiderty River.	Ablai Khan	?	~17,000 killed
1757	Second Kazakh-Qing War	Kazakh Khanate	Qing dynasty	Inconclusive The Chinese retreated The Kazakh Khanate recognized the sovereignty of the Chinese emperor		?	?
1758-1760	Third Kazakh-Qing War[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate	Qing dynasty	Victory Unsuccessful Qing invasion of the Middle Zhuz lands		?	?
1760-1779	Kazakh-Kyrgyz Wars	Kazakh Khanate	Kyrgyz Confederation	Victory Kokshetau truce Murder of Zhaiyl-biy and Sadyr-manap The exact Kazakh-Kyrgyz border has been determined		?	~10,000+ killed
1765-1768	Abylai Khan's Kokand campaign[citation needed]	Kazakh Khanate	Khanate of Kokand	Victory Abylai's war against Khanate of Kokand ended with the capture of the cities of Turkistan, Sairam, Shymkent and the obligation of Tashkent to pay tribute to the Kazakh Khanate		?	?
1825-1836	Sarzhan Sultan's Rebellion[citation needed]	Kazakh rebels	Russian Empire Khanate of Kokand (1832, 1836)	Defeat In 1836, Sarzhan was killed by the Kokand in Tashkent	Sarzhan Qasymov	~249 killed	~22 killed and wounded
1837-1847	Kenesary's Rebellion	Kazakh rebels	Russian Empire Kyrgyz loyalist (1846 – 1847) Khanate of Kokand	Defeat	Kenesary Qasymov	Unknown	Unknown
1839-1840	Khivan campaign of 1839[citation needed]	Khanate of Khiva Junior Jüz	Russian Empire	Victory	Makhambet Otemisuly	?	~2,500 killed

Kazakhstan in the Russian Empire (1848—1917)

In 1847, the khan's power in the Kazakh zhuzes was abolished, and the territory as an administrative unit was included in the Russian Empire.

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	Leader	Kazakh losses	Enemy losses
1843	Russo-Khivian border conflict Raid on Borders (Defeat) Battle of Jan kalu (victory)[6] Ambush on Ivanov's caravan (victory)[7] Ivanov's Expedition (victory)[8] Battle of Maili Bash (victory)	Russian Empire Kazakh loyalist	Khanate of Khiva	Victory After the Khivins robbed peaceful Kazakhs, Russian troops, along with Kazakh tribes, defeated the Khivins in a series of battles, which led to their withdrawal[9]	General Yakovlev General Ivanov	Unknown	Heavy
1850-1868	Russo-Kokand War	Russian Empire Senior Jüz	Khanate of Kokand Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate Bukhara Emirate	Victory The Khanate of Kokand and the Emirate of Bukhara become vassals of Russia; Samarkand, Tashkent and the surrounding area go to Russia Kazakhs of the Senior Zhuz become free from Kokand and accept Russian citizenship	Tezek Sultan	Minor	Significant
1873	Khivan campaign of 1873[citation needed]	Russian Empire Kazakh volunteers	Khanate of Khiva	Victory Khiva becomes a Russian protectorate	Eset Kotibaruli	33 killed and 124 wounded	~5,000+ killed

Alash-Orda (1917—1920)

Kazakhs, tired of almost a century of Russian colonization, started to rise up. In the 1870s-80s, schools in Kazakhstan massively started to open, which developed elite, future Kazakh members of the Alash party. In 1916, after conscription of Muslims into the military for service in the Eastern Froby during World War I, Kazakhs and Kyrgyzs rose up against the Russian government, with uprisings until February 1917.

The state was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at Orenburg from 5–13 December 1917 OS (18-26 NS), with a provisional government being established under the oversight of Alikhan Bukeikhanov. However, the nation's purported territory was still under the de facto control of the region's Russian-appointed governor, Vassily Balabanov, until 1919. In 1920, he fled the Russian Red Army for self-imposed exile in China, where he was recognised by the Chinese as Kazakhstan's legitimate ruler.

Following its proclamation in December 1917, Alash leaders established the Alash Orda, a Kazakh government which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, the Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On 17 August 1920, the Soviet government established the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, and finally to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936.

Date	Battle	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	Leader	Kazakh losses	Enemy losses
1918 — 1919	Semirechye Front[10]	Alash-Orda Alash Militia	Russian SFSR	Victory Fall of the Cherkasy defense Retreat of the Red Army from Semirechye Massacres in Semirechye	Alikhan Bukeikhanov	?	?
1919	Spring offensive of the White Army	Alash-Orda Alash Militia White Army	Russian SFSR	Victory The White Army had made a strategical breakthrough in the center		?	?

Soviet Age (1920—1991)

The Kazakh ASSR was originally created as the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (not to be confused with Kirghiz ASSR of 1926–1936, on 26 August 1920 and was an autonomous republic within the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic.

At 2,717,300 square kilometres (1,049,200 sq mi) in area, it was the second-largest republic in the USSR, after the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Alma-Ata (today known as Almaty). During its existence as a Soviet Socialist Republic, it was ruled by the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR (QKP).

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	Secretary/Leader	Kazakh losses	Enemy losses
1941-1945	World War II	Allied Powers:  Soviet Union  Kazakh SSR  USA  United Kingdom  Republic of China  France  Poland  Czechoslovakia  Democratic Federal Yugoslavia  Kingdom of Greece  Denmark  Norway  Netherlands  Belgium  Luxemburg  Canada  Australia  New Zealand  India  Union of South Africa	Axis Powers:  Nazi Germany  Japanese Empire  Kingdom of Italy	Victory Allied victory Fall of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan Allied military occupations of Germany, Japan, Austria, and Korea Beginning of the Nuclear Age Dissolution of the League of Nations and creation of the United Nations Decolonisation of Asia and Africa and decline of European international influence Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as rival superpowers and beginning of the Cold War (see Aftermath of World War II)	Qazaqbaev Abdisamet	~600 000 killed	~12,000,000 killed
1979-1989	Soviet-Afghan War	Soviet Union  Kazakh SSR  Democratic Republic of Afghanistan	Afghan Mujahideen	Defeat Failure to suppress the Afghan mujahideen insurgency Geneva Accords of 1988 Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan Beginning of the Afghan Civil War[11]	Dinmukhamed Kunaev	947 killed 1770 wounded	192,579 casualties

Republic of Kazakhstan (1991—present)

Kazakhstan was the last of the Soviet republics to declare independence during the dissolution of the Soviet Union from 1988 to 1991.

Date	Conflict	Combatant I	Combatant II	Result for Kazakhstan	President of Kazakhstan	Kazakh losses	Enemy losses
1991-2022	Kazakh-Russian ethnic conflicts[citation needed] Ural events (1991)[12] Uprising in Ust-Kamenogorsk (1994) Uprising in Almaty (1994-1995) Kokshetau events (1996) Limonov's uprising in Kokshetau (1997) Pugachev's Rebellion (1999)[13] Limonov conflict (2000-2001) Defense of Kokshetau (2001) Persecution of Russians in Kazakhstan (2022)	Kazakhstan Azat Civil Movement of Kazakhstan NSC	Russian separatists Ural Cossacks Semirechye Cossacks National Bolshevik Party	Victory End of the conflicts Uprisings suppressed Territorial integrity of the Republic of Kazakhstan preserved 2 million ethnic Russians displaced[14] Pro-Russian separatist sentiment in Kazakhstan has decreased significantly The Government of Russia called the actions against the separatists «Russian genocide» in Kazakhstan[15]	Nursultan Nazarbayev	?	-2,000,000 displaced and dozens arrested
1992-1997	Tajikistani Civil War	CSTO  Kazakhstan	United Tajik Opposition Jamiat-e Islami (until 1996) Afghanistan (until 1996) Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until 1996) Taliban factions	Military stalemale United Nations-sponsored armistice Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed Rahmon wins the 1999 Tajik presidential election The United Tajik Opposition is promised 30 percent of the ministerial positions		?	?
1996-2001	Afghan Civil War	Kazakhstan  Islamic State of Afghanistan	Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan  al-Qaeda Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan East Turkistan Islamic Party Tanzeem-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi  Pakistan	Military stalemale Continued clashes until the US-led invasion of Afghanistan Taliban control up to 85% of Afghanistan including the capital Kabul Civil war continues		?	?
2002–present	Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa[citation needed]	Kazakhstan NATO	Insurgents: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (from 2015) al-Qaeda (from 2002) Al-Shabaab (from 2006) al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (2002–06) Hizbul Islam (2009–14) Ras Kamboni Brigades (2007–10) Jabhatul Islamiya (2007–09) Mu'askar Anole (2007–09)	Ongoing 21 high level Al-Shabaab leaders killed[16]		?	1,230–1,367 militants killed in Somalia
2003-2011	Iraq War	Kazakhstan  United States MNF–I  United Kingdom  New Iraqi government  Iraqi Kurdistan	Iraq (2003)	Victory Overthrow of Saddam Hussein		?	34,144-71,544 casualties

See also

• Outline of Kazak military history
• List of massacres in Kazakhstan

References

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