Lugal-ushumgal, ensi of Lagash, carrying an animal offering for a deity.[1] Circa 2220 BCE.
King of Lagash
Reign
c. 2230-2210 BCE
Successor
Puzer-Mama
Dynasty
2nd Dynasty of Lagash
Purchase contract
Purchase of a female slave by Lugal-ushumgal, vassal of Naram-Sin. Louvre Museum AO 2689[4][5]
Lugal-ushumgal (𒈗𒃲𒁔, lugal-ušumgal)[7] was a Sumerian ruler (ensi, formerly read "Patesi") of Lagash ("Shirpula"), c. 2230 – c. 2210 BCE. Several inscriptions of Lugal-ushumgal are known, particularly seal impressions, which refer to him as governor of Lagash and at the same time a vassal (𒀵, arad, "servant" or "slave")[8] of the Akkadian Empire rulers Naram-Sin and his successor Shar-Kali-Sharri.[9][10][11][12]
It can be considered that Lugalushumgal was a collaborator of the Akkadian Empire, as was Meskigal, ruler of Adab.[13]
He was succeeded by Puzer-Mama who achieved independence from Shar-Kali-Sharri, assuming the title of "King of Lagash" and starting the illustrious Second Dynasty of Lagash.[14][15]
Seal of Lugalushumgal as vassal of Naram-sin
The seal depicts a presentation scene of governor Lugal-ushumgal to a male deity. Lugal-ushumgal is shown standing to the left, carrying an animal offering for the deity.[16] The inscription carries two blocks of columns:
"Naram-Sin, the mighty God of Agade, king of the four corners of the world, Lugalushumgal, the scribe, ensi of Lagash, is thy servant."
— Seal of Lugalushumgal as vassal of Naram-sin.[9][17]
Seal impression of Lugal-ushumgal as servant of Naram-Sin: "Naram-Sin the mighty god of Agade, king of the four corners of the world, Lugalushumgal, the scribe, ensi of Lagash, is thy servant."[18]
Seal of Lugalushumgal as vassal of Shar-Kali-Sharri
Prism of Lugal-ushumgal
The prism of Lugal-ushumgal: an elegant list of known crafts, finished by a long signature "Lugal-ushumgal, scribe and governor of Lagash.[19][20][21]
The second seal again shows a presentation scene of governor Lugal-ushumgal to a seated deity. Lugal-ushumgal is shown standing to the left, carrying an animal offering for the deity.[22] The inscription carries two blocks of columns:
"Shar-kali-sharri, the mighty king of Agade, Lugalushumgal, ensi of Lagash, is thy servant."
— Seal of Lugalushumgal as vassal of Shar-Kali-Sharri.[9][23]
Seal impression of Lugal-ushumgal as servant of Shar-Kali-Sharri: "Sharkalisharri, the mighty king of Agade, Lugalushumgal, ensi of Lagash, is thy servant."[24]
References
^Eppihimer, Melissa (2019). Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians. Oxford University Press. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-0-19-090301-5.
^Dangin, Fois Thureau (1897). "Musée du Louvre Département des Antiquités Orientales: Tablettes Chaldéennes Inédites". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. 4 (3): 78, Planche VIII no 25. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 23283791.
^"Site officiel du musée du Louvre". cartelfr.louvre.fr.
^Dangin, Fois Thureau (1897). "Musée du Louvre Département des Antiquités Orientales: Tablettes Chaldéennes Inédites". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. 4 (3): 78, Planche XI no 34. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 23283791.
^Dangin, Fois Thureau (1897). "Musée du Louvre Département des Antiquités Orientales: Tablettes Chaldéennes Inédites". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. 4 (3): 78, Planche X no 33. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 23283791.
^𒃲𒁔 "ušumgal" in one word uses interverted cuneiforms compared to the basic reading 𒁔𒃲 "ušum-gal" "epsd2/sux/ušumgal [dragon]". oracc.iaas.upenn.edu.
^ abcRadau, Hugo (2005). Early Babylonian History: Down to the End of the Fourth Dynasty of Ur. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-1-59752-381-3.
^The Art Of Ancient Mesopotamia ( Art Ebook). p. 53.
^Seal image M4 in: The Art Of Ancient Mesopotamia ( Art Ebook). p. 53.
^The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge University Press. 1971. p. 436. ISBN 9780521077910.
^"Puzur-Mama, who served as a "governor" of Lagash, in all probability during the reign of Shar-kali-sharri. After the Akkadian empire had collapsed, Puzur-Mama became fully independent, assuming the title of "King of Lagash"" in Álvarez-Mon, Javier; Basello, Gian Pietro; Wicks, Yasmina (2018). The Elamite World. Routledge. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-317-32983-1.
^The Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge University Press. 1971. p. 998. ISBN 9780521077910.
^Eppihimer, Melissa (2019). Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians. Oxford University Press. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-0-19-090301-5.
^Radau, Hugo (2005). Early Babylonian History: Down to the End of the Fourth Dynasty of Ur. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-1-59752-381-3.
^Journal asiatique (in French). Société asiatique. 1979. p. 18.
^"Das sechsseitige Tonprisma Lugal-usumgal's aus der Sammlung Lichatschew - Das sechsseitige Tonprisma Lugal-usumgal's aus der Sammlung Lichatschew - Page - Zeitschriften der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft - MENAdoc – Digital Collections". Menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de.
^Eppihimer, Melissa (2019). Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians. Oxford University Press. pp. 148–149. ISBN 978-0-19-090301-5.
^Radau, Hugo (2005). Early Babylonian History: Down to the End of the Fourth Dynasty of Ur. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-1-59752-381-3.
Sources
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lugal-ushumgal.
Asia portal
Frayne, Douglas R. (1993). Sargonic and Gutian Periods (Toronto, Buffalo, London. University of Toronto Press Incorporated)
^Unger, Merrill F. (2014). Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-62564-606-4.