Lyonium ion
Positively-charged ion made by protonating a solvent molecule
In chemistry, a lyonium ion is the cation derived by the protonation of a solvent molecule.[1] For example, a hydronium ion is formed by the protonation of water, and CH3OH+2 is the cation formed by the protonation of methanol.
Its counterpart is a lyate ion, the anion formed by the deprotonation of a solvent molecule.
Lyonium and lyate ions, resulting from molecular autoionization, contribute to the molar conductivity of protolytic solvents.
Examples
| Lyate ion | Original solvent | Lyonium ion | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| name | formula | name | formula | name | formula |
| Fluoride | F− | Hydrogen fluoride | HF | Fluoronium | H2F+ |
| Hydroxide | HO− | Water | H2O | Hydronium | H3O+ |
| Azanide | NH−2 | Ammonia | NH3 | Ammonium | NH+4 |
| Methanide | CH−3 | Methane | CH4 | Methanium | CH+5 |
| Methoxide | CH3O− | Methanol | CH4O | Methyloxonium | CH5O+ |
See also
- Lyate ion, a deprotonated solvent molecule
- Onium ion, a protonated molecule more generally
- Ion transport number
- Ionic atmosphere
References
- ^ IUPAC Gold Book - lyonium ion
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Chemical solutions
and related quantities
- Molar concentration
- Mass concentration
- Number concentration
- Volume concentration
- Normality
- Molality
- Mole fraction
- Mass fraction
- Isotopic abundance
- Mixing ratio
- Ternary plot
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