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Maksimir Park

Maksimir Park
Maksimir Park main entrance
Map
LocationZagreb, Croatia
Area316 hectares (780 acres) 3.15 km2[1]
FounderMaksimilijan Vrhovac
Operated byCity of Zagreb
Websitewww.park-maksimir.hr

Maksimir Park is the oldest public park in Zagreb, Croatia. It forms part of the city's cultural heritage and is a habitat for many different plant and animal species.

History

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Founded in 1787, Maksimir Park was the first large public park in South-Eastern Europe, and predates the majority of Europe's public park foundings.[2] The park was opened in 1794[3] under the initiative of the man for whom it was named, Bishop Maksimilijan Vrhovac of Zagreb (1752–1827).[2] At that time, the park was located on the outskirts of the city, while today the city's neighborhoods have largely enveloped it. It was formerly a dense forest of hornbeams (Carpinus betulus) and oaks (Quercus robur and Q. petraea). The remainder of the original forest survives as a girdle to the park, the area in total measuring above 1,005 acres (4.07 km2).[2]

Landscaping

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The landscaping was first conceived by Bishop Vrhovac in the baroque style.[2] As one of the earliest public parks, it followed the principles laid out by the gardening theorist Christian Cay Lorenz Hirschfeld.[4] In 1839, Bishop Juraj Haulik (1788–1869), and others redesigned the park.[5] Haulik's vision was very much in line with Biedermeierist notions, and romantic neoclassicism, with elements from historicism; and in emulation of the park at the Laxenburg estate of the Habsburgs.

Aerial photo of Maksimir Park.

The process of transforming Maksimir Park involved the felling of the forest interior, the grading of hills, the excavating of great holes for lakes, the laying of paths, and construction of bridges.[2]

Others who were instrumental in the making of the park were sculptors Anton Dominik Fernkorn (1813–1878), and Josip Kassmann (1784–1856); master gardener Franjo Serafin Korbler (1812–1866); landscape architect Michael Sebastian Riedel (1763–1850); and architect Franz Schücht.[2]

Schücht's contributions include, among others, Paviljon Jeka (The Pavilion of Echoes), a lookout known as the Kiosk, and a house called Švicarska kuća (The Swiss House).[citation needed]

Design

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The park has several big meadows, numerous creeks, and five lakes, and is a habitat for various plant and animal species, such as the Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius), an endangered species in Europe.[1]

Zagreb’s Zoo also forms part of the park’s territory, located in the southern part of Maksimir Park.

In addition to the park, the name Maksimir may also refer to one of Zagreb’s neighborhoods and NK Dinamo’s stadium, both of which are adjacent to the park.

Flora

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Basidiomycetes include:[6]

Climate

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Since records began in 1949, the highest temperature recorded at the local weather station at an elevation of 123 metres (404 ft) was 40.4 °C (104.7 °F), on 5 July 1950.[7] The coldest temperature was −31.4 °C (−24.5 °F), on 15 February 1940.[8]

Location and access

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Maksimir is located in the eastern central part of the city.

ZET tram lines 4, 5, 7, 11 and 12 frequently connect the park to the rest of the city. A stop named Bukovačka is located at the main entrance into the park.[9]

A less frequent bus route 226 from a nearby Svetice terminal connects to the Mirogoj cemetery and goes on to the Kaptol terminal in the old city centre.[10]

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  • An 1846 map of the park
    An 1846 map of the park
  • Maksimir First lake and wooden Lace Bridge
    Maksimir First lake and wooden Lace Bridge
  • Maksimir Park in September
    Maksimir Park in September
  • Turtles in the Maksimir lake
    Turtles in the Maksimir lake
  • Maksimir
    Maksimir

References

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  1. ^ a b "General Data". park-maksimir.hr. Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Taylor, Patrick, ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to the Garden. Oxford University Press. pp. 295–6. ISBN 0-19-866255-6.
  3. ^ "Park's History". park-maksimir.hr. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  4. ^ Collins, Julie (2020). The Architecture and Landscape of Health A Historical Perspective on Therapeutic Places 1790-1940. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780429862342. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  5. ^ Žmegač, Andrej. "Vrhovčev i Haulikov Maksimir". hrcak.hr. Prostor : znanstveni časopis za arhitekturu i urbanizam, Vol. 10 No. 2(24), 2002. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  6. ^ Vouk, Valentin; Pevalek, Ivo (1916). "Prilog poznavanju bazidiomiceta sjeverne Hrvatske". Prirodoslovna istraivanja Hrvatske i Slavonije (in Serbo-Croatian). 8: 18–24.
  7. ^ DHMZ (2022-07-19). "Najviše izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja". Državni hidrometeorološki zavod.
  8. ^ DHMZ (2022-01-21). "Najniže izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja". Državni hidrometeorološki zavod.
  9. ^ "Tram routes" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-12-02.
  10. ^ "Naziv linije: Kaptol - Remete - Svetice" [Line name: Kaptol - Remete - Svetice] (PDF) (in Croatian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-31.
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45°49′47″N 16°01′14″E / 45.82972°N 16.02056°E / 45.82972; 16.02056