Manuel António Vassalo e Silva
Manuel António Vassalo e Silva | |
---|---|
Governor-General of Portuguese India | |
In office 1958 – 19 December 1961 | |
President | Américo Tomás |
Prime Minister | António de Oliveira Salazar |
Preceded by | Paulo Bénard Guedes |
Succeeded by | Office abolished (K. P. Candeth as Indian Military Lieutenant-Governor) (Dayanand Bandodkar as Indian Chief Minister) |
Personal details | |
Born | (1899-11-08)8 November 1899 Torres Novas, Portugal |
Died | 11 August 1985(1985-08-11) (aged 85) Lisbon, Portugal |
Profession | Army officer |
Manuel António Vassalo e Silva (8 November 1899 – 11 August 1985) was an officer of the Portuguese Army and an overseas administrator. He was the 128th and the last Governor-General of Portuguese India.
Background
He was the only son of Manuel Caetano da Silva (1870–1926) and his wife Maria da Encarnação Vassalo (1869–1922), and was the brother of the feminist author and anti-government campaigner Maria Lamas. He was married, with two daughters, Joana and Aurora.
Governor-General of Portuguese India
In 1958, he was nominated to replace Paulo Bénard Guedes as the 128th Governor-General of the Portuguese State of India. At the same time, he was also appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Portuguese Armed Forces in India.
When the Republic of India sought to annex the territories of Goa, Daman (from which had been previously separated in 1954 and annexed by India in 1961 the enclave of Dadra and Nagar Haveli) and Diu from Portuguese control in December 1961, Manuel Vassalo e Silva, recognizing the futility of facing a superior enemy, disobeyed direct orders from the President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) of Portugal and Dictator-for-life, António de Oliveira Salazar to fight to the death and surrendered the following day to the Indian liberation battle, following several losses and the destruction of a battleship. After that he fell into disgrace at the eyes of Dictator Salazar, who never accepted the fait accompli of the annexation.
Vassalo e Silva was greeted with a hostile reception when he returned to Portugal. He was subsequently court martialed for failing to follow orders, expelled from the military and was sent into exile. His rank and freedom were restored only in 1974, after the fall of the dictatorial regime, and he was given back his military status. He was later able to conduct a state visit to Goa, where he was given a warm reception.[1]
Recently[clarification needed] the Goan-Portuguese politician Narana Coissoró said that Salazar the Dictator of Portugal, sent him a cyanide capsule for use in case of defeat[citation needed].
Family
He was married to Fernanda Pereira e Silva Monteiro and had a son and two daughters:
- Fernando Manuel Pereira Monteiro Vassalo e Silva (Lisbon, 6 December 1925 – Lisbon, 9 June 2006), married to Maria Amélia Franco Veiga (Lisbon, 20 March 1932 – 17 March 2004), daughter of António Veiga and wife Rosa Maria Garcia Franco, and had issue, seven children, two married and had issue.
- Maria Fernanda Pereira Monteiro Vassalo e Silva, married to Rui António da Cunha Bernardino, and had issue, eight children, eight married and had issue, has now grandchildren and great-grandchildren, the first having the name India.
- Maria da Luz Pereira Monteiro Vassalo e Silva, married to António Faias Sors Lagrifa, born in Luanda, and had issue (their son Jorge Manuel Vassalo Sors Lagrifa (7 May 1948 – 6 February 2005) was the second husband without issue of Ana Cristina da Gama Caeiro da Mota Veiga, born in Lisbon, Santos o Velho, on 4 June 1950, daughter of António da Mota Veiga and wife Maria Emília da Gama Caeiro, formerly married and divorced from Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa).
References
- ^ "Dossier Goa - A Recusa Do Sacrifício Inútil Summary". Shvoong.com. Retrieved 2009-11-09.
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- Dom Rodrigo da Costa 1707–12
- Vasco Fernandes César de Meneses 1712–17
- Sebastião de Andrade Pessanha 1717
- Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses 1717–20
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- Cristóvão de Melo 1723
- João de Saldanha da Gama 1725–32
- Pedro de Mascarenhas 1732–40
- Luís Carlos Inácio Xavier de Meneses 1740–42
- Pedro Miguel de Almeida Portugal e Vasconcelos 1745–50
- Francisco de Assis de Távora 1750–54
- Luís Mascarenhas 1754–56
- Manuel de Saldanha e Albuquerque 1758–65
- João José de Melo 1768–74
- Filipe de Valadares Sotomaior 1774
- Dom José Pedro da Câmara 1774–79
- Dom Frederico Guilherme de Sousa Holstein 1779–86
- Francisco da Cunha e Meneses 1786–94
- Francisco António da Veiga Cabral da Câmara 1794–1806
- Dom Bernardo José Maria da Silveira e Lorena 1806–16
- Dom Diogo de Sousa 1816–21
- Dom Manuel da Câmara 1823–25
- Dom Manuel Francisco Zacarias de Portugal e Castro 1826–35
- Bernardo Peres da Silva 1835
- Dom Manuel Francisco Zacarias de Portugal e Castro 1835
- Joaquim Manuel Correia da Silva e Gama 1835
- Bernardo Peres da Silva 1836–37
- Simão Infante de Lacerda de Sousa Tavares 1837–39
- José António Vieira da Fonseca 1839
- Manuel José Mendes 1839–40
- José Joaquim Lopes Lima 1840–42
- Francisco Xavier da Silva Pereira 1842–43
- Joaquim Mourão Garcez Palha 1843–44
- José Ferreira Pestana 1844–51
- José Joaquim Januário Lapa 1851–55
- António César de Vasconcelos Correia 1855–64
- José Ferreira Pestana 1864–70
- Januário Correia de Almeida 1870–71
- Joaquim José Macedo e Couto 1871–75
- João Tavares de Almeida 1875–77
- António Sérgio de Sousa 1877–78
- Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque 1878–82
- Carlos Eugénio Correia da Silva 1882–86
- Francisco Joaquim Ferreira do Amaral 1886
- Augusto César Cardoso de Carvalho 1886–89
- Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque 1889
- Vasco Guedes de Carvalho e Meneses 1889–91
- Francisco Maria da Cunha 1891
- João Manuel Correia Taborda 1891–92
- Francisco Teixeira da Silva 1892–93
- Rafael Jácome de Andrade 1893–94
- João Manuel Correia Taborda 1894
- Elesbão José de Bettencourt Lapa 1894–95
- Rafael Jácome de Andrade 1895–96
- Prince Afonso Henriques de Bragança 1896
- João António de Brissac das Neves Ferreira 1896–97
- João Manuel Correia Taborda 1897
- Joaquim José Machado 1897–1900
- Eduardo Augusto Rodrigues Galhardo 1900–05
- Arnaldo de Novais Guedes Rebelo 1905–07
- José Maria de Sousa Horta e Costa 1907–10
- Francisco Manuel Couceiro da Costa 1910–17
- Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira 1917
- José de Freitas Ribeiro 1917–19
- Augusto de Paiva Bobela da Mota 1919–20
- Jaime Alberto de Castro Morais 1920–25
- Francisco Maria Peixoto Vieira 1925
- Mariano Martins 1925–26
- Tito Augusto de Morais 1926
- Acúrcio Mendes da Rocha Dinis 1926–27
- Pedro Francisco Massano de Amorim 1927–29
- Acúrcio Mendes da Rocha Dinis 1929
- Alfredo Pedro de Almeida 1929–30
- João Carlos Craveiro Lopes 1930–36
- Francisco Craveiro Lopes 1936–38
- José Ricardo Pereira Cabral 1938–45
- Paulo Bénard Guedes 1945–46
- José Ferreira Bossa 1946–47
- José Alves Ferreira 1947–48
- Fernando de Quintanilha e Mendonça Dias 1948–52
- Paulo Bénard Guedes 1952–58
- Manuel António Vassalo e Silva 1958–61