Marangu Defences
National Historic Site of Tanzania
3°17′41.892″S 37°30′28.08″E / 3.29497000°S 37.5078000°E / -3.29497000; 37.5078000Marangu Defences or Chagga Caves (Mapango ya Uchaggani in Swahili ) are a man-made defence cave system that was erected in the late 18th century as defence of the Chaga from Maasai raids and expanded the system in the late 19th century as part of the Chagga resistance from the German occupation. The caves are located in various locations within Moshi District of Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania.[2][3][4]
References
- ^ "Antiquities Division". Retrieved 21 Jul 2022.
- ^ "Chagga caves". Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ^ Clack, Timothy (2009). "Sheltering Experience in Underground Places: Thinking through Precolonial Chagga Caves on Mount Kilimanjaro". World Archaeology. 41 (2): 321–344. doi:10.1080/00438240902844434. JSTOR 40388256. S2CID 162389875.
- ^ "Chagga caves in machame". 30 July 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
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Kilimanjaro Region
Capital: Moshi
- Hai District
- Moshi Rural District
- Moshi District
- Mwanga District
- Rombo District
- Same District
- Siha District
- Chaga
- Pare
- Ngasa
- Kibosho Defenses
- Pare Iron Age Site
- Usangi Iron Age Site
- Keni Rombo Defences
- Marangu Defences
- Bombo Kaburi
- Lake Chala
- Lake Kihurio
- Lake Kalimawe
- Lake Jipe
- Pangani River
- Kikafu River
- Karanga River
- Wereweru River
- Sanya River
- Rau River
- Little Ruvu River
- Kikuletwa River
- Kisangara River
- Mkomazi River
- Mkomazi National Park
- Kidoroko Forest
- Minja Forest
- Mramba Forest
- Kilimanjaro National Park
- Kikuletwa Hot Springs
- Materuni Falls
- Lake Chala
- Pare Mountains
- Mount Kilimanjaro
- KNCU Building
