Marine Conservation Zone

Map of Lundy with inset maps of British Isles and Bristol Channel

A Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ) is a type of marine nature reserve in UK waters. They were established under the Marine and Coastal Access Act (2009) and are areas designated with the aim to protect nationally important, rare or threatened habitats and species.[1][2] Approximately 20% of UK waters now have some protection although some conservation, fisherman and wildlife groups are concerned that there are no management plans for each zone.[3]

Following Brexit, legislation was introduced into Parliament in January 2020 which would give new powers to the Marine Management Organisation in English waters.

No Take Zones

Isle of Arran. South Arran is a Marine Protection Area

MCZs generally do not provide "no-take" protection banning fishing. However, Lundy Island MCZ includes a preexisting "no-take zone", which was established in 2003.[4] Two more no-take zones were established in UK waters by 2010 (bringing the total area protected to five square kilometres):,[5] and an additional one in 2016 [6]

  • Lamlash Bay (2008), subsequently included within the South Arran Marine Protection Area.[7]
  • Flamborough Head (2010). This no-take zone is part of a marine SAC rather than a MCZ.[8]
  • Medway Nursery Area (2016). This 12.1 square kilometre no-take zone is part of the Medway Estuary MCZ.[9]

There has been criticism of the MCZs for not providing "no-take" protection for a higher proportion of UK waters; for example, the environmentalist George Monbiot has raised the issue in his column in The Guardian.[5][10]

Highly Protected Marine Areas

Allonby Bay off the Solway Firth, Cumbria, North East of Farnes Deep off Northumberland, and Dolphin Head, West Sussex, have been chosen as Highly Protected Marine Areas (HPMAs), which give greater protection to the marine environment, with prohibitions against activity such as dredging and trawling. The new status came into force in July 2023. Joan Edwards, speaking on behalf of The Wildlife Trusts, said, "These three tiny spots cover just 0.4% of English seas - and we're looking forward to seeing further designations so that we can safeguard our seas for the future."[11][12] A plan to create HPMAs in 10% of Scotland's seas was rejected by the Scottish government following pressure from the fishing industry and some island communities.[13]

England

On 21 November 2013 the first twenty-seven Marine Conservation Zones were designated, a further twenty-three were announced on 17 January 2016 followed by a further forty-one on 31 May 2019.[2]

2013 Marine Conservation Zones

  1. Aln Estuary
  2. Beachy Head West
  3. Blackwater, Crouch, Roach and Colne Estuaries
  4. The Canyons
  5. Chesil Beach and Stennis Ledges
  6. Cumbria Coast
  7. East of Haig Fras
  8. Folkestone Pomerania
  9. Fylde
  10. Isles of Scilly
  11. Kingmere
  12. Lundy
  13. The Manacles
  14. Medway Estuary
  15. North East of Farnes Deep
  16. Padstow Bay and Surrounds
  17. Pagham Harbour
  18. Poole Rocks
  19. Skerries Bank and Surrounds
  20. South Dorset
  21. South-West Deeps (West)
  22. Swallow Sand
  23. Tamar Estuary
  24. Thanet Coast
  25. Torbay
  26. Upper Fowey and Pont Pill
  27. Whitsand and Looe Bay

2016 Marine Conservation Zones

  1. Allonby Bay
  2. Bideford to Foreland Bay
  3. Coquet to St Mary's
  4. Cromer Shoal Chalk Beds
  5. Dover to Deal
  6. Dover to Folkestone
  7. Farnes East
  8. Fulmar
  9. Greater Haig Fras
  10. Hartland Point to Tintagel
  11. Holderness Inshore
  12. North-west of Jones Bank
  13. Land's End
  14. Mount's Bay
  15. The Needles
  16. Newquay and The Gannel
  17. Offshore Brighton
  18. Offshore Overfalls (south-east of the Isle of Wight)
  19. Runswick Bay
  20. Swale Estuary
  21. Utopia (south-west of Selsey Bill)
  22. Western Channel
  23. West of Walney co-location zone[3]

2019 Marine Conservation Zones

  1. Albert Field
  2. Axe Estuary
  3. Beachy Head East
  4. Bembridge
  5. Berwick to St. Mary's
  6. Camel Estuary
  7. Cape Bank
  8. Dart Estuary
  9. Devon Avon Estuary
  10. East of Start Point
  11. Erme Estuary
  12. Foreland
  13. Goodwin Sands
  14. Helford Estuary
  15. Holderness Offshore
  16. Inner Bank
  17. Kentish Knock East
  18. Markham's Triangle
  19. Morte Platform
  20. North East of Haig Fras
  21. North West of Lundy
  22. Orford Inshore
  23. Otter Estuary
  24. Purbeck Coast
  25. Queenie Corner
  26. Ribble Estuary
  27. Selsey Bill and the Hounds
  28. Solway Firth
  29. South of Celtic Deep
  30. South of Portland
  31. South of the Isles of Scilly
  32. South Rigg
  33. South West Approaches to the Bristol Channel
  34. South West Deeps (East)
  35. Southbourne Rough
  36. Studland Bay
  37. Swanscombe
  38. West of Copeland
  39. West of Wight Barfleur
  40. Wyre-Lune
  41. Yarmouth to Cowes

Northern Ireland

Following the passing of the Marine Act (Northern Ireland) 2013 only Strangford Lough was designated as a Marine Conservation Zone. In 2015 consultations for a further four proposed MCZs were announced.[14] The consultations ended in March 2016 and the four MCZs were designated in December 2016.[15]

Proposed Marine Conservation Zones

  1. Carlingford
  2. Outer Belfast Lough
  3. Rathlin
  4. Waterfoot

Scotland

In the summer of 2014 the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs, Food and the Environment announced thirty new Marine Protected Areas.[16] Along with thirty Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), forty-seven Special Protection Areas (SPA) and sixty-one Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 20% of Scottish waters have differing levels of protection.[17]

Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas

There are seventeen protected areas within Scotland's territorial waters (i.e. within 12 nautical miles (22 km))[18]

  1. Clyde Sea Sill
  2. East Caithness Cliffs
  3. Fetlar to Haroldswick
  4. Loch Creran
  5. Loch Sunart
  6. Loch Sunart to the Sound of Jura
  7. Loch Sween
  8. Lochs Duich, Long and Alsh
  9. Monarch Isles
  10. Mousa to Boddam
  11. Noss Head
  12. Papa Westray
  13. Small Isles
  14. South Arran
  15. Upper Loch Fyne and Loch Goil
  16. Wester Ross
  17. Wyre and Rousay Sounds

A further thirteen protected areas are outside Scottish territorial waters[19]

  1. Central Fladen (CFL)[20]
  2. East of Gannet and Montrose Fields (EGM)[21]
  3. Faroe-Shetland Sponge Belt (FSS)[22]
  4. Firth of Forth Banks Complex (FOF)[23]
  5. Geikie Slide and Hebridean Slope (GSH)[24]
  6. Hatton-Rockall Basin (HRB)
  7. North-east Faroe-Shetland Channel (NEF)
  8. North-west Orkney (NWO)
  9. Norwegian Boundary Sediment Plain (NSP)
  10. Rosemary Bank Seamount (RBS)
  11. Barra Fan and Hebrides Terrace Seamount (BHT)
  12. Turbot Bank (TBB)
  13. West Shetland Shelf (WSS)

Wales

Skomer Marine Conservation Zone (around the island of Skomer) is the only site in Wales designated as a Marine Conservation Zone. There are 128 marine protected areas in Welsh seas and Natural Resources Wales (Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru) is consulting with the Welsh Government and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) to consider if anymore areas need protecting.[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Marine Conservation Zones". JNCC. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Marine conservation zone designations in England". GOV.UK. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  3. ^ a b "Coastal zones: UK's protected 'blue belt' expanded". BBC News. 17 January 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  4. ^ This was the first statutory no-take zone for marine nature conservation in the UK. It is illegal to remove sea life from the area in question which is in the waters to the east of Lundy Island.[1]
  5. ^ a b Monbiot, George (2014). "Ripping up the sea floor..." The Guardian. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  6. ^ Busby, Mattha (25 February 2020). "Guardian Feb 2020". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  7. ^ "South Arran MPA". Scottish Natural Heritage. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  8. ^ "Flamborough Head". Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  9. ^ "Medway Nursery Area". Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  10. ^ Monbiot, George (2012). "The UK's marine reserves are nothing but paper parks". theguardian.com. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  11. ^ "Highly Protected Marine Areas: Three sites secure environmental protection". BBC News. 5 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  12. ^ "Highly Protected Marine Areas (HPMAs)". GOV.UK. 5 July 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  13. ^ "Scottish government scraps marine conservation plan". BBC News. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  14. ^ "Marine conservation zones consultation". GOV.UK. Department of Environment Northern Ireland. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  15. ^ "MCZ Project Northern Ireland". Retrieved 2018-01-18.
  16. ^ Marine Scotland Marine Protection Areas.
  17. ^ "Support for our seas". The Nature of Scotland (20): 10–15. 2014.
  18. ^ "Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas". Scottish Natural History. Dualchas Nàdair na h-Alba. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  19. ^ "Nature Conservation Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)". JNCC. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  20. ^ JNCC Central Fladen.
  21. ^ JNCC East of Gannet and Montrose Fields.
  22. ^ JNCC Faroe-Shetland Sponge Belt.
  23. ^ JNCC Firth of Forth Banks Complex.
  24. ^ JNCC Geikie Slide and Hebridean Slope.
  25. ^ "Marine Conservation Zones in Wales". Natural Resources Wales. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 February 2016.

External links

  • Lundy Marine Conservation Zone Official Site Archived 2011-12-29 at the Wayback Machine