Methanosarcinales

Methanosarcinales
Methanosarcina barkeri MS
Scientific classification
Domain:	Archaea
Kingdom:	Euryarchaeota
Class:	Methanomicrobia
Order:	Methanosarcinales Boone et al. 2002
Families
Methanosaetaceae Methanosarcinaceae Methermicoccaceae
Synonyms
Methanotrichales Akinyemi et al. 2021

Methanosarcinales is an order of Archaea in the class Methanomicrobia, phylum Methanobacteriota.^[1] The order Methanosarcinales contains both methanogenic and methanotrophic lineages, although the latter so far have so far no pure culture representatives.^[2] Methanotrophic lineages of the order Methanosarcinales were initially abbreviated as ANME (anaerobic methanotrophs) to distinguich from aerobic methanotrophic bacteria. Currently, those lineages receive their own names such as Ca. Methanoperedens, Ca. Methanocomedens (ANME-2a), Ca.Methanomarinus (ANME-2b), Ca. Methanogaster (ANME-2c), Ca. Methanovorans (ANME-3).^[3] The order contains archaeon with one of the largest genome, Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A, genome size 5,75 Mbp.^[4]

The organisms placed within the order can be found in freshwater, saltwater, salt-rich sediments, anaerobic digestors, and animal digestive systems. The order consist of mesophiles or moderately thermophillic, neutrophilic or alkaliphilic species with some able to grow at high salt concentrations (genera Methanohalobium , Methanohalophilus , and Methanosalsum).^[5][6] Most of the species in the order were isolated or detected in marine and freshawater sediments, soil with only a few specialized lineages adapted to the digestive tract of animals - genera Methanimicrococcus, Methanolapillus, and Ca. Methanofrustulum that can be found in termites/cockroaches, millipedes, and ruminants, respectively.^[7][8]

Most cells have cell walls that lack peptidoglycan and pseudomurein with notable presence of methanochondroitin in Methanosarcina genus.^[9] As all other methanogens, Methanosarcinales representatives are strictly anaerobic and utilize methanogenesis pathway as the only path for ATP production. However, besides common among other methanogens substrates H₂/CO₂, Methanosarcinales characterized by the ability to utilize acetate (aceticlastic methanogenesis), methylated compounds such as methanol or methnylamines (methylotrophic methanogenesis), or even methoxyalted aromatic compounds (methoxydotrophic methanogenesis).^[10][11]

The order Methanosarcinales contains the following families (genera comprising each family listed below corresponding family):

Methanimicrococcus corrig. Sprenger et al. 2000

Methanococcoides Sowers and Ferry 1985

Methanohalobium Zhilina and Zavarzin 1988

Methanohalophilus Paterek and Smith 1988

Methanolobus König and Stetter 1983

Methanomethylovorans Lomans et al. 2004

Methanosalsum Boone and Baker 2002

Methanosarcina Kluyver and van Niel 1936

Methanothrix Huser et al. 1983

Methermicoccus Cheng et al. 2007

• List of Archaea genera

• Cavalier-Smith, T (2002). "The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52 (Pt 1): 7–76. doi:10.1099/00207713-52-1-7. PMID 11837318.
• Cavalier-Smith, T (1986). "The kingdoms of organisms". Nature. 324 (6096): 416–417. Bibcode:1986Natur.324..416C. doi:10.1038/324416a0. PMID 2431320. S2CID 5242667.

• Boone DR; Whitman WB; Koga Y (2001). "Order III. Methanosarcinales ord. nov.". In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 169. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.
• Grant WD; Kamekura M; McGenity TJ; Ventosa A (2001). "Class III. Halobacteria class. nov.". In DR Boone; RW Castenholz (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. pp. 169. ISBN 978-0-387-98771-2.
• Garrity GM; Bell JA; Lilburn TG (2004). "Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes". Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, release 4.0 (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. doi:10.1007/bergeysoutline200310 (inactive 2024-09-08).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (link) Version 5.0.

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