Metropolitan statistical area

Type of geographical region in the United States
Population tables
of U.S. cities
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The skyline of New York City, the most populous city in the United States
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Urban areas
Populous cities and metropolitan areas
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In the United States, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is a geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the region.[1][2] Such regions are not legally incorporated as a city or town would be and are not legal administrative divisions like counties or separate entities such as states. As a result, sometimes the precise definition of a given metropolitan area will vary between sources. The statistical criteria for a standard metropolitan area were defined in 1949 and redefined as a metropolitan statistical area in 1983.[3]

A typical metropolitan area is polycentric and no longer monocentric due to suburbanization of employment and has a large historic core city, such as New York City or Chicago.[4] Some metropolitan areas include more than one large historic core city, including the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News (Hampton Roads), Riverside–San Bernardino (Inland Empire), and Minneapolis–Saint Paul (Twin Cities).

MSAs are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which is part of the Executive Office of the President, and are used by the U.S. Census Bureau and other U.S. federal government agencies for statistical purposes.[5]

Definitions

An enlargeable map of the 939 core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) of the United States and Puerto Rico as of 2020; the 384 MSAs are shown in medium green  . In 2023, OMB revised the delineations of these CBSAs.[6]

The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines a set of core based statistical areas (CBSAs) throughout the country, which are composed of counties and county equivalents.[7]

CBSAs are delineated on the basis of a central contiguous area of relatively high population density, known as an urban area. The counties containing the core urban area are known as the "central counties" of the CBSA; these are defined as having at least 50% of their population living in urban areas of at least 10,000 in population.[8] Additional surrounding counties, known as "outlying counties", can be included in the CBSA if these counties have strong social and economic ties to the central county or counties as measured by commuting and employment. Outlying counties are included in the CBSA if 25% of the workers living in the county work in the central county or counties, or if 25% of the employment in the county is held by workers who live in the central county or counties.

Adjacent CBSAs are merged into a single CBSA when the central county or counties of one CBSA qualify as an outlying county or counties to the other CBSAs.[8] One or more CBSAs may be grouped together or combined to form a larger statistical entity known as a combined statistical area (CSA) when the employment interchange measure (EIM) reaches 15% or more.

CBSAs are subdivided into MSAs (formed around urban areas of at least 50,000 in population) and micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs), which are CBSAs built around an urban area of at least 10,000 in population but less than 50,000 in population. Some metropolitan areas may include multiple cities below 50,000 people, but combined have over 50,000 people.[8] Previous terms that are no longer used to describe these regions include "standard metropolitan statistical area" (SMSA) and "primary metropolitan statistical area" (PMSA).[9]

On January 19, 2021, OMB submitted a regulation for public comment that would increase the minimum population needed for an urban area population to be a metropolitan statistical area to be increased from 50,000 to 100,000.[10] It ultimately decided to keep the minimum at 50,000 for the 2020 cycle.[11]

On July 21, 2023, the Office of Management and Budget released revised delineations of the various CBSAs in the United States.[6]

History

The Census Bureau created the metropolitan district for the 1910 census as a standardized classification for large urban centers and their surrounding areas. The original threshold for a metropolitan district was 200,000, but was lowered to 100,000 in 1930 and 50,000 in 1940.[12] The metropolitan districts were replaced by standard metropolitan areas (SMAs) in the 1950 census, which were defined by the Bureau of the Budget (now the Office of Management and Budget) and later renamed to standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMAs) in 1959.[12][13] The modern metropolitan statistical area was created in 1983 amid a large increase in the number of eligible markets, which grew from 172 in 1950 to 288 in 1980;[12][14] the core based statistical area (CBSA) was introduced in 2000 and defined in 2003 with a minimum population of 10,000 required for micropolitan areas and 50,000 for urban areas.[12][13]

Rankings

The 387 MSAs in the United States, including those in all 50 states and the national capital of Washington, D.C. are ranked, including:

  1. The MSA rank by population as of July 1, 2023, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau[15]
  2. The MSA name as designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget[16]
  3. The MSA population as of July 1, 2023, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau[15]
  4. The MSA population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the 2020 United States census[15][a]
  5. The percent MSA population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2023[15]
  6. The combined statistical area (CSA)[17] if it is designated and the MSA is a component[18]
The 387 metropolitan statistical areas of the United States[15]
Metropolitan statistical area 2023
estimate 		2020
census 		%
change 		Encompassing combined statistical area
New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY-NJ MSA 19,498,249 20,081,935 −2.91% New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA MSA 12,799,100 13,200,998 −3.04% Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA
Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL-IN MSA 9,262,825 9,449,351 −1.97% Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX MSA 8,100,037 7,637,387 +6.06% Dallas–Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA
Houston–Pasadena–The Woodlands, TX MSA 7,510,253 7,149,642 +5.04% Houston–Pasadena, TX CSA
Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA MSA 6,307,261 6,104,803 +3.32% Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA 6,304,975 6,278,542 +0.42% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA 6,246,160 6,245,051 +0.02% Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Miami–Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach, FL MSA 6,183,199 6,138,333 +0.73% Miami–Port St. Lucie–Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA
Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler, AZ MSA 5,070,110 4,845,832 +4.63% Phoenix–Mesa, AZ CSA
Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA-NH MSA 4,919,179 4,941,632 −0.45% Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario, CA MSA 4,688,053 4,599,839 +1.92% Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA
San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont, CA MSA 4,566,961 4,749,008 −3.83% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Detroit–Warren–Dearborn, MI MSA 4,342,304 4,392,041 −1.13% Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue, WA MSA 4,044,837 4,018,762 +0.65% Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN-WI MSA 3,712,020 3,690,261 +0.59% Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN-WI CSA
Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL MSA 3,342,963 3,175,275 +5.28%
San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA MSA 3,269,973 3,298,634 −0.87%
Denver–Aurora–Centennial, CO MSA 3,005,131 2,963,821 +1.39% Denver–Aurora–Greeley, CO CSA
Baltimore–Columbia–Towson, MD MSA 2,834,316 2,844,510 −0.36% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, FL MSA 2,817,933 2,673,376 +5.41% Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Charlotte–Concord–Gastonia, NC-SC MSA 2,805,115 2,660,329 +5.44% Charlotte–Concord, NC-SC CSA
St. Louis, MO-IL MSA 2,796,999 2,820,253 −0.82% St. Louis–St. Charles–Farmington, MO-IL CSA
San Antonio–New Braunfels, TX MSA 2,703,999 2,558,143 +5.70% San Antonio–New Braunfels–Kerrville, TX CSA
Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro, OR-WA MSA 2,508,050 2,512,859 −0.19% Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos, TX MSA 2,473,275 2,283,371 +8.32%
Pittsburgh, PA MSA 2,422,725 2,457,000 −1.39% Pittsburgh–Weirton–Steubenville, PA-OH-WV CSA
Sacramento–Roseville–Folsom, CA MSA 2,420,608 2,397,382 +0.97% Sacramento–Roseville, CA CSA
Las Vegas–Henderson–North Las Vegas, NV MSA 2,336,573 2,265,461 +3.14% Las Vegas–Henderson, NV CSA
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA 2,271,479 2,249,797 +0.96% Cincinnati–Wilmington, OH-KY-IN CSA
Kansas City, MO-KS MSA 2,221,343 2,192,035 +1.34% Kansas City–Overland Park–Kansas City, MO-KS CSA
Columbus, OH MSA 2,180,271 2,138,926 +1.93% Columbus–Marion–Zanesville, OH CSA
Cleveland, OH MSA 2,158,932 2,185,825 −1.23% Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Indianapolis–Carmel–Greenwood, IN MSA 2,138,468 2,089,653 +2.34% Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN MSA 2,102,573 2,014,444 +4.37% Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro, TN CSA
San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara, CA MSA 1,945,767 2,000,468 −2.73% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Virginia Beach–Chesapeake–Norfolk, VA-NC MSA 1,787,169 1,780,059 +0.40% Virginia Beach–Chesapeake, VA-NC CSA
Jacksonville, FL MSA 1,713,240 1,605,848 +6.69% Jacksonville–Kingsland–Palatka, FL-GA CSA
Providence–Warwick, RI-MA MSA 1,677,803 1,676,579 +0.07% Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Milwaukee–Waukesha, WI MSA 1,560,424 1,574,731 −0.91% Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha, WI CSA
Raleigh–Cary, NC MSA 1,509,231 1,413,982 +6.74% Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC CSA
Oklahoma City, OK MSA 1,477,926 1,425,695 +3.66% Oklahoma City–Shawnee, OK CSA
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN MSA 1,365,557 1,362,180 +0.25% Louisville/Jefferson County–Elizabethtown, KY-IN CSA
Richmond, VA MSA 1,349,732 1,314,434 +2.69%
Memphis, TN-MS-AR MSA 1,335,674 1,345,425 −0.72% Memphis–Clarksdale–Forrest City, TN-MS-AR CSA
Salt Lake City–Murray, UT MSA 1,267,864 1,257,936 +0.79% Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem, UT CSA
Birmingham, AL MSA 1,184,290 1,180,631 +0.31% Birmingham–Cullman–Talladega, AL CSA
Fresno, CA MSA 1,180,020 1,164,909 +1.30% Fresno–Hanford–Corcoran, CA CSA
Grand Rapids–Wyoming–Kentwood, MI MSA 1,162,950 1,150,015 +1.12% Grand Rapids–Wyoming, MI CSA
Buffalo–Cheektowaga, NY MSA 1,155,604 1,166,902 −0.97% Buffalo–Cheektowaga–Olean, NY CSA
Hartford–West Hartford–East Hartford, CT MSA 1,151,543 1,150,473 +0.09% New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Tucson, AZ MSA 1,063,162 1,043,433 +1.89% Tucson–Nogales, AZ CSA
Rochester, NY MSA 1,052,087 1,065,361 −1.25% Rochester–Batavia–Seneca Falls, NY CSA
Tulsa, OK MSA 1,044,757 1,015,331 +2.90% Tulsa–Bartlesville–Muskogee, OK CSA
Urban Honolulu, HI MSA 989,408 1,016,508 −2.67%
Omaha, NE-IA MSA 983,969 967,604 +1.69% Omaha–Fremont, NE-IA CSA
Greenville–Anderson–Greer, SC MSA 975,480 928,195 +5.09% Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson, SC CSA
New Orleans–Metairie, LA MSA 962,165 1,007,275 −4.48% New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell, LA-MS CSA
Bridgeport–Stamford–Danbury, CT MSA 951,558 946,327 +0.55% New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Knoxville, TN MSA 946,264 903,300 +4.76% Knoxville–Morristown–Sevierville, TN CSA
Albuquerque, NM MSA 922,296 916,528 +0.63% Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos, NM CSA
Bakersfield–Delano, CA MSA 913,820 909,235 +0.50%
North Port–Bradenton–Sarasota, FL MSA 910,108 833,716 +9.16% North Port–Bradenton, FL CSA
Albany–Schenectady–Troy, NY MSA 904,682 899,262 +0.60% Albany–Schenectady, NY CSA
McAllen–Edinburg–Mission, TX MSA 898,471 870,781 +3.18% McAllen–Edinburg, TX CSA
Baton Rouge, LA MSA 873,661 870,569 +0.36% Baton Rouge–Hammond, LA CSA
Allentown–Bethlehem–Easton, PA-NJ MSA 873,555 861,889 +1.35% Allentown–Bethlehem–East Stroudsburg, PA-NJ CSA
El Paso, TX MSA 873,331 868,859 +0.51% El Paso–Las Cruces, TX-NM CSA
Worcester, MA MSA 866,866 862,111 +0.55% Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Columbia, SC MSA 858,302 829,470 +3.48% Columbia–Sumter–Orangeburg, SC CSA
Charleston–North Charleston, SC MSA 849,417 799,636 +6.23%
Cape Coral–Fort Myers, FL MSA 834,573 760,822 +9.69% Cape Coral–Fort Myers–Naples, FL CSA
Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA MSA 829,590 843,843 −1.69% Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA
Boise City, ID MSA 824,657 764,718 +7.84% Boise City–Mountain Home–Ontario, ID-OR CSA
Lakeland–Winter Haven, FL MSA 818,330 725,046 +12.87% Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Dayton–Kettering–Beavercreek, OH MSA 814,363 814,049 +0.04% Dayton–Springfield–Kettering, OH CSA
Stockton–Lodi, CA MSA 800,965 779,233 +2.79% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Greensboro–High Point, NC MSA 789,842 776,566 +1.71% Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
Colorado Springs, CO MSA 768,832 755,105 +1.82%
Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway, AR MSA 764,045 748,031 +2.14% Little Rock–North Little Rock, AR CSA
Des Moines–West Des Moines, IA MSA 737,164 709,466 +3.90% Des Moines–West Des Moines–Ames, IA CSA
Provo–Orem–Lehi, UT MSA 732,197 671,185 +9.09% Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem, UT CSA
Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL MSA 721,796 668,921 +7.90% Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY MSA 704,620 697,221 +1.06% New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Akron, OH MSA 698,398 702,219 −0.54% Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Winston-Salem, NC MSA 695,630 675,966 +2.91% Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
Madison, WI MSA 694,345 680,796 +1.99% Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI CSA
Ogden, UT MSA 658,133 637,197 +3.29% Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem, UT CSA
Syracuse, NY MSA 652,956 662,057 −1.37% Syracuse–Auburn, NY CSA
Wichita, KS MSA 652,939 647,610 +0.82% Wichita–Arkansas City–Winfield, KS CSA
Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, FL MSA 643,979 606,612 +6.16%
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA 629,429 611,000 +3.02%
Jackson, MS MSA 610,257 619,968 −1.57% Jackson–Vicksburg–Brookhaven, MS CSA
Durham–Chapel Hill, NC MSA 608,879 588,911 +3.39% Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC CSA
Harrisburg–Carlisle, PA MSA 606,055 591,712 +2.42% Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Spokane–Spokane Valley, WA MSA 600,292 585,784 +2.48% Spokane–Spokane Valley–Coeur d'Alene, WA-ID CSA
Toledo, OH MSA 600,141 606,240 −1.01%
Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers, AR MSA 590,337 546,725 +7.98%
Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA 580,971 562,647 +3.26% Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN-GA-AL CSA
Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA 569,413 567,559 +0.33%
New Haven, CT MSA 568,158 570,487 −0.41% New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Portland–South Portland, ME MSA 566,329 551,740 +2.64% Portland–Lewiston–South Portland, ME CSA
Reno, NV MSA 564,782 549,831 +2.72% Reno–Carson City–Gardnerville Ranchos, NV-CA CSA
Lancaster, PA MSA 558,589 552,984 +1.01%
Modesto, CA MSA 551,430 552,878 −0.26% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Port St. Lucie, FL MSA 536,901 487,657 +10.10% Miami–Port St. Lucie–Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA
Pensacola–Ferry Pass–Brent, FL MSA 530,090 509,905 +3.96%
Huntsville, AL MSA 527,254 491,723 +7.23% Huntsville–Decatur–Albertville, AL-TN CSA
Lexington-Fayette, KY MSA 520,045 516,811 +0.63% Lexington-Fayette–Richmond–Frankfort, KY CSA
Killeen–Temple, TX MSA 501,333 475,367 +5.46%
Springfield, MO MSA 491,053 475,432 +3.29%
Santa Rosa–Petaluma, CA MSA 481,812 488,863 −1.44%
Visalia, CA MSA 479,468 473,117 +1.34%
Lansing–East Lansing, MI MSA 473,177 473,203 −0.01% Lansing–East Lansing–Owosso, MI CSA
Wilmington, NC MSA 467,337 422,598 +10.59%
York–Hanover, PA MSA 464,640 456,438 +1.80% Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Springfield, MA MSA 460,291 465,825 −1.19% Springfield–Amherst Town–Northampton, MA CSA
Fort Wayne, IN MSA 457,842 447,781 +2.25% Fort Wayne–Huntington–Auburn, IN CSA
Waterbury–Shelton, CT MSA 456,128 450,376 +1.28% New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Vallejo, CA MSA 449,218 453,491 −0.94% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Corpus Christi, TX MSA 448,323 445,763 +0.57% Corpus Christi–Kingsville–Alice, TX CSA
Santa Maria–Santa Barbara, CA MSA 441,257 448,229 −1.56%
Salem, OR MSA 436,546 433,353 +0.74% Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Reading, PA MSA 432,821 428,849 +0.93% Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Salinas, CA MSA 430,723 439,035 −1.89%
Manchester–Nashua, NH MSA 427,354 422,937 +1.04% Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Brownsville–Harlingen, TX MSA 426,710 421,017 +1.35% Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville, TX CSA
Youngstown–Warren, OH MSA 425,969 430,591 −1.07% Youngstown–Warren–Salem, OH CSA
Savannah, GA MSA 424,935 404,798 +4.97% Savannah–Hinesville–Statesboro, GA CSA
Gulfport–Biloxi, MS MSA 421,916 416,259 +1.36%
Asheville, NC MSA 417,202 406,926 +2.53% Asheville–Waynesville–Brevard, NC CSA
Lafayette, LA MSA 414,288 408,455 +1.43% Lafayette–New Iberia–Opelousas, LA CSA
Mobile, AL MSA 411,640 414,809 −0.76% Mobile–Daphne–Fairhope, AL CSA
Ocala, FL MSA 409,959 375,908 +9.06%
Naples–Marco Island, FL MSA 404,310 375,752 +7.60% Cape Coral–Fort Myers–Naples, FL CSA
Flint, MI MSA 401,522 406,211 −1.15% Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Anchorage, AK MSA 401,314 398,328 +0.75%
Canton–Massillon, OH MSA 399,474 401,574 −0.52% Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Myrtle Beach–Conway–North Myrtle Beach, SC MSA 397,478 351,029 +13.23% Myrtle Beach–Conway, SC CSA
Beaumont–Port Arthur, TX MSA 395,479 397,565 −0.52%
Tallahassee, FL MSA 392,645 384,298 +2.17% Tallahassee–Bainbridge, FL-GA CSA
Fayetteville, NC MSA 392,336 386,810 +1.43% Fayetteville–Lumberton–Pinehurst, NC CSA
Montgomery, AL MSA 385,480 386,047 −0.15% Montgomery–Selma, AL CSA
Spartanburg, SC MSA 383,327 355,241 +7.91% Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson, SC CSA
Shreveport–Bossier City, LA MSA 383,295 393,406 −2.57% Shreveport–Bossier City–Minden, LA CSA
Trenton–Princeton, NJ MSA 381,671 387,340 −1.46% New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Eugene–Springfield, OR MSA 381,181 382,971 −0.47%
Davenport–Moline–Rock Island, IA-IL MSA 379,441 384,324 −1.27% Davenport–Moline, IA-IL CSA
Fort Collins–Loveland, CO MSA 370,771 359,066 +3.26%
Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton, NC MSA 370,030 365,276 +1.30% Charlotte–Concord, NC-SC CSA
Atlantic City–Hammonton, NJ MSA 369,823 369,797 +0.01% Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Huntington–Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA 368,261 376,155 −2.10% Charleston–Huntington–Ashland, WV-OH-KY CSA
Ann Arbor, MI MSA 365,536 372,258 −1.81% Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Peoria, IL MSA 362,240 368,782 −1.77% Peoria–Canton, IL CSA
Lubbock, TX MSA 360,104 351,268 +2.52% Lubbock–Plainview, TX CSA
Greeley, CO MSA 359,442 328,981 +9.26% Denver–Aurora–Greeley, CO CSA
Gainesville, FL MSA 352,126 339,247 +3.80% Gainesville–Lake City, FL CSA
Lincoln, NE MSA 344,387 340,217 +1.23% Lincoln–Beatrice, NE CSA
Clarksville, TN-KY MSA 340,495 320,535 +6.23%
Rockford, IL MSA 334,124 338,798 −1.38% Rockford–Freeport–Rochelle, IL CSA
Green Bay, WI MSA 331,882 328,268 +1.10% Green Bay–Shawano, WI CSA
Boulder, CO MSA 326,831 330,758 −1.19% Denver–Aurora–Greeley, CO CSA
South Bend–Mishawaka, IN-MI MSA 324,490 324,501 0.00% South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka, IN-MI CSA
Columbus, GA-AL MSA 323,768 328,883 −1.56% Columbus–Auburn–Opelika, GA-AL CSA
Roanoke, VA MSA 314,314 315,251 −0.30%
Kennewick–Richland, WA MSA 314,253 303,622 +3.50% Kennewick–Richland–Walla Walla, WA CSA
Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA MSA 313,025 307,614 +1.76% Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA CSA
Hagerstown–Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA 305,902 293,844 +4.10% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Waco, TX MSA 304,865 295,782 +3.07%
Crestview–Fort Walton Beach–Destin, FL MSA 304,818 286,973 +6.22%
Sioux Falls, SD-MN MSA 304,555 286,434 +6.33%
Olympia–Lacey–Tumwater, WA MSA 299,003 294,793 +1.43% Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Longview, TX MSA 293,498 286,184 +2.56%
Merced, CA MSA 291,920 281,202 +3.81% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Utica–Rome, NY MSA 287,039 292,264 −1.79%
San Luis Obispo–Paso Robles, CA MSA 281,639 282,424 −0.28%
Duluth, MN-WI MSA 281,603 280,733 +0.31% Duluth–Grand Rapids, MN-WI CSA
College Station–Bryan, TX MSA 281,445 268,248 +4.92%
Norwich–New London–Willimantic, CT MSA 279,634 280,430 −0.28% New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Tuscaloosa, AL MSA 278,290 268,674 +3.58%
Bremerton–Silverdale–Port Orchard, WA MSA 277,658 275,611 +0.74% Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Cedar Rapids, IA MSA 275,668 276,520 −0.31% Cedar Rapids–Iowa City, IA CSA
Slidell–Mandeville–Covington, LA MSA 275,583 264,570 +4.16% New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell, LA-MS CSA
Amarillo, TX MSA 272,395 268,691 +1.38% Amarillo–Borger, TX CSA
Evansville, IN MSA 270,717 269,256 +0.54% Evansville–Henderson, IN-KY CSA
Laredo, TX MSA 269,148 267,114 +0.76%
Erie, PA MSA 267,571 270,876 −1.22% Erie–Meadville, PA CSA
Lynchburg, VA MSA 264,590 261,593 +1.15%
Fargo, ND-MN MSA 262,620 249,843 +5.11% Fargo–Wahpeton, ND-MN CSA
Kalamazoo–Portage, MI MSA 262,215 261,670 +0.21% Kalamazoo–Battle Creek–Portage, MI CSA
Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA MSA 261,547 270,861 −3.44% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Bend, OR MSA 260,919 247,493 +5.42%
Yakima, WA MSA 256,643 256,728 −0.03%
Daphne–Fairhope–Foley, AL MSA 253,507 231,767 +9.38% Mobile–Daphne–Fairhope, AL CSA
Prescott Valley–Prescott, AZ MSA 249,081 236,209 +5.45%
Appleton, WI MSA 246,433 243,147 +1.35% Appleton–Oshkosh–Neenah, WI CSA
Tyler, TX MSA 245,209 233,479 +5.02% Tyler–Jacksonville, TX CSA
Binghamton, NY MSA 243,792 247,138 −1.35%
Lake Charles, LA MSA 240,082 254,652 −5.72% Lake Charles–DeRidder, LA CSA
Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA 236,074 233,802 +0.97% Macon-Bibb County–Warner Robins, GA CSA
Champaign–Urbana, IL MSA 235,608 236,072 −0.20% Champaign–Urbana–Danville, IL CSA
Hilton Head Island–Bluffton–Port Royal, SC MSA 232,523 215,908 +7.70%
Topeka, KS MSA 232,322 233,152 −0.36%
Bellingham, WA MSA 231,919 226,847 +2.24%
Barnstable Town, MA MSA 231,735 228,996 +1.20% Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA 231,280 227,213 +1.79%
Rochester, MN MSA 229,077 226,329 +1.21% Rochester–Austin–Winona, MN CSA
Burlington–South Burlington, VT MSA 227,942 225,562 +1.06% Burlington–South Burlington–Barre, VT CSA
Lafayette–West Lafayette, IN MSA 226,564 223,716 +1.27% Lafayette–West Lafayette–Frankfort, IN CSA
Las Cruces, NM MSA 225,210 219,561 +2.57% El Paso–Las Cruces, TX-NM CSA
Charlottesville, VA MSA 225,127 221,524 +1.63%
Lake Havasu City–Kingman, AZ MSA 223,682 213,267 +4.88%
Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA 222,060 215,415 +3.08% Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Monroe, LA MSA 221,885 227,147 −2.32% Monroe–Ruston, LA CSA
Medford, OR MSA 220,768 223,259 −1.12% Medford–Grants Pass, OR CSA
Gainesville, GA MSA 217,267 203,136 +6.96% Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Columbia, MO MSA 216,511 210,864 +2.68% Columbia–Jefferson City–Moberly, MO CSA
Panama City–Panama City Beach, FL MSA 216,371 200,534 +7.90%
Jacksonville, NC MSA 213,676 204,576 +4.45%
Yuma, AZ MSA 213,221 203,881 +4.58%
Johnson City, TN MSA 213,198 207,285 +2.85% Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA CSA
Lexington Park, MD MSA 210,009 206,560 +1.67% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Chico, CA MSA 207,172 211,632 −2.11%
Elkhart–Goshen, IN MSA 206,409 207,047 −0.31% South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka, IN-MI CSA
Punta Gorda, FL MSA 206,134 186,847 +10.32% North Port–Bradenton, FL CSA
Springfield, IL MSA 205,445 208,640 −1.53% Springfield–Jacksonville–Lincoln, IL CSA
Joplin, MO-KS MSA 204,787 200,771 +2.00% Joplin–Miami, MO-OK-KS CSA
Charleston, WV MSA 203,164 210,605 −3.53% Charleston–Huntington–Ashland, WV-OH-KY CSA
St. Cloud, MN MSA 202,577 199,671 +1.46% Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN-WI CSA
St. George, UT MSA 202,452 180,279 +12.30%
Auburn–Opelika, AL MSA 201,585 193,773 +4.03% Columbus–Auburn–Opelika, GA-AL CSA
Warner Robins, GA MSA 200,779 191,614 +4.78% Macon-Bibb County–Warner Robins, GA CSA
Florence, SC MSA 199,630 199,964 −0.17%
Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux, LA MSA 198,672 207,137 −4.09%
Racine–Mount Pleasant, WI MSA 196,613 197,727 −0.56% Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha, WI CSA
Billings, MT MSA 191,435 184,167 +3.95%
Dover, DE MSA 189,789 181,851 +4.37% Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Bowling Green, KY MSA 188,840 179,639 +5.12% Bowling Green–Glasgow–Franklin, KY CSA
Saginaw, MI MSA 187,782 190,124 −1.23% Saginaw–Midland–Bay City, MI CSA
Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA 185,010 171,362 +7.96% Spokane–Spokane Valley–Coeur d'Alene, WA-ID CSA
Yuba City, CA MSA 183,670 181,208 +1.36% Sacramento–Roseville, CA CSA
Kingston, NY MSA 182,333 181,851 +0.27% New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Midland, TX MSA 182,324 175,220 +4.05% Midland–Odessa–Andrews, TX CSA
Jackson, TN MSA 181,826 180,504 +0.73%
Abilene, TX MSA 181,591 176,579 +2.84% Abilene–Sweetwater, TX CSA
Blacksburg–Christiansburg–Radford, VA MSA 181,428 181,854 −0.23%
Redding, CA MSA 180,366 182,155 −0.98% Redding–Red Bluff, CA CSA
Iowa City, IA MSA 180,088 175,419 +2.66% Cedar Rapids–Iowa City, IA CSA
Burlington, NC MSA 179,165 171,415 +4.52% Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
El Centro, CA MSA 179,057 179,702 −0.36%
Muskegon–Norton Shores, MI MSA 176,564 175,824 +0.42% Grand Rapids–Wyoming, MI CSA
Greenville, NC MSA 175,119 170,243 +2.86% Greenville–Washington, NC CSA
Eau Claire, WI MSA 174,873 172,007 +1.67% Eau Claire–Menomonie, WI CSA
Oshkosh–Neenah, WI MSA 171,735 171,730 0.00% Appleton–Oshkosh–Neenah, WI CSA
Bloomington, IL MSA 170,441 170,954 −0.30% Bloomington–Pontiac, IL CSA
La Crosse–Onalaska, WI-MN MSA 170,238 170,341 −0.06% La Crosse–Onalaska–Sparta, WI-MN CSA
Sebastian–Vero Beach–West Vero Corridor, FL MSA 169,795 159,788 +6.26% Miami–Port St. Lucie–Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA
Pueblo, CO MSA 169,422 168,162 +0.75% Pueblo–Cañon City, CO CSA
Terre Haute, IN MSA 168,787 168,875 −0.05%
Idaho Falls, ID MSA 168,322 157,429 +6.92% Idaho Falls–Rexburg–Blackfoot, ID CSA
Waterloo–Cedar Falls, IA MSA 168,162 168,461 −0.18%
Kenosha, WI MSA 167,488 169,151 −0.98% Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Homosassa Springs, FL MSA 166,696 153,843 +8.35%
Odessa, TX MSA 164,494 165,171 −0.41% Midland–Odessa–Andrews, TX CSA
Janesville–Beloit, WI MSA 164,278 163,687 +0.36% Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI CSA
Kahului–Wailuku, HI MSA 164,264 164,836 −0.35%
Amherst Town–Northampton, MA MSA 162,502 162,308 +0.12% Springfield–Amherst Town–Northampton, MA CSA
Bloomington, IN MSA 160,874 161,039 −0.10% Bloomington–Bedford, IN CSA
Grand Junction, CO MSA 159,681 155,703 +2.55%
Jackson, MI MSA 159,424 160,366 −0.59%
Decatur, AL MSA 158,635 156,494 +1.37% Huntsville–Decatur–Albertville, AL-TN CSA
Logan, UT-ID MSA 157,887 147,348 +7.15%
Chambersburg, PA MSA 157,854 155,932 +1.23% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
State College, PA MSA 157,795 158,172 −0.24% State College–DuBois, PA CSA
Traverse City, MI MSA 156,371 153,448 +1.90%
Rapid City, SD MSA 155,974 147,392 +5.82% Rapid City–Spearfish, SD CSA
Santa Fe, NM MSA 155,956 154,823 +0.73% Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos, NM CSA
Hattiesburg, MS MSA 155,740 153,891 +1.20% Hattiesburg–Laurel, MS CSA
Bangor, ME MSA 155,312 152,199 +2.05%
Florence–Muscle Shoals, AL MSA 155,175 150,791 +2.91% Florence–Muscle Shoals–Russellville, AL CSA
Monroe, MI MSA 155,045 154,809 +0.15% Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Dothan, AL MSA 153,349 151,007 +1.55% Dothan–Enterprise–Ozark, AL CSA
Hanford–Corcoran, CA MSA 152,682 152,486 +0.13% Fresno–Hanford–Corcoran, CA CSA
Vineland, NJ MSA 152,326 154,152 −1.18% Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Niles, MI MSA 152,261 154,316 −1.33% South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka, IN-MI CSA
Wildwood–The Villages, FL MSA 151,565 129,752 +16.81% Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Valdosta, GA MSA 151,118 148,126 +2.02%
Jefferson City, MO MSA 150,733 150,309 +0.28% Columbia–Jefferson City–Moberly, MO CSA
Wichita Falls, TX MSA 149,947 148,128 +1.23%
Alexandria, LA MSA 148,171 152,192 −2.64%
Winchester, VA-WV MSA 147,260 142,632 +3.24% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Sherman–Denison, TX MSA 146,907 135,543 +8.38% Dallas–Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA
Texarkana, TX-AR MSA 145,907 147,519 −1.09%
Albany, GA MSA 145,508 148,922 −2.29%
Rocky Mount, NC MSA 145,383 143,870 +1.05% Rocky Mount–Wilson–Roanoke Rapids, NC CSA
Dalton, GA MSA 144,722 142,837 +1.32% Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN-GA-AL CSA
Flagstaff, AZ MSA 144,472 145,101 −0.43%
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD MSA 144,402 144,334 +0.05% Sioux City–Le Mars, IA-NE-SD CSA
Lebanon, PA MSA 144,252 143,257 +0.69% Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Morgantown, WV MSA 141,817 140,038 +1.27%
Wausau, WI MSA 138,612 138,013 +0.43% Wausau–Stevens Point–Wisconsin Rapids, WI CSA
Hammond, LA MSA 138,064 133,157 +3.69% Baton Rouge–Hammond, LA CSA
Harrisonburg, VA MSA 137,650 135,571 +1.53% Harrisonburg–Staunton–Stuarts Draft, VA CSA
Jonesboro, AR MSA 136,390 134,196 +1.63% Jonesboro–Paragould, AR CSA
Bismarck, ND MSA 135,786 133,626 +1.62%
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA 135,517 139,513 −2.86%
Springfield, OH MSA 134,610 136,001 −1.02% Dayton–Springfield–Kettering, OH CSA
Battle Creek, MI MSA 133,366 134,310 −0.70% Kalamazoo–Battle Creek–Portage, MI CSA
Napa, CA MSA 133,216 138,019 −3.48% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Manhattan, KS MSA 132,831 134,046 −0.91%
Albany, OR MSA 131,496 128,610 +2.24% Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Mount Vernon–Anacortes, WA MSA 131,417 129,523 +1.46% Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Johnstown, PA MSA 130,668 133,472 −2.10% Johnstown–Somerset, PA CSA
Salisbury, MD MSA 129,710 128,208 +1.17% Salisbury–Ocean Pines, MD CSA
Cleveland, TN MSA 129,612 126,164 +2.73% Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN-GA-AL CSA
Elizabethtown, KY MSA 127,576 125,569 +1.60% Louisville/Jefferson County–Elizabethtown, KY-IN CSA
Staunton–Stuarts Draft, VA MSA 127,344 125,433 +1.52% Harrisonburg–Staunton–Stuarts Draft, VA CSA
Lawton, OK MSA 127,001 126,652 +0.28% Lawton–Duncan, OK CSA
Missoula, MT MSA 126,939 122,457 +3.66%
Pittsfield, MA MSA 126,818 129,026 −1.71%
Bozeman, MT MSA 126,409 118,960 +6.26%
Glens Falls, NY MSA 125,427 127,039 −1.27% Albany–Schenectady, NY CSA
Ames, IA MSA 125,156 125,252 −0.08% Des Moines–West Des Moines–Ames, IA CSA
Mansfield, OH MSA 125,064 124,936 +0.10% Mansfield–Ashland–Bucyrus, OH CSA
Wenatchee–East Wenatchee, WA MSA 124,795 122,012 +2.28%
Sierra Vista–Douglas, AZ MSA 124,640 125,447 −0.64%
Morristown, TN MSA 124,054 119,182 +4.09% Knoxville–Morristown–Sevierville, TN CSA
Farmington, NM MSA 120,675 121,661 −0.81%
Twin Falls, ID MSA 120,635 114,283 +5.56%
San Angelo, TX MSA 120,606 121,516 −0.75%
Lawrence, KS MSA 120,553 118,785 +1.49% Kansas City–Overland Park–Kansas City, MO-KS CSA
Altoona, PA MSA 120,273 122,822 −2.08% Altoona–Huntingdon, PA CSA
Goldsboro, NC MSA 118,686 117,333 +1.15%
St. Joseph, MO-KS MSA 118,475 121,467 −2.46% Kansas City–Overland Park–Kansas City, MO-KS CSA
Sheboygan, WI MSA 117,752 118,034 −0.24%
Anniston–Oxford, AL MSA 116,429 116,441 −0.01%
Brunswick–St. Simons, GA MSA 116,074 113,495 +2.27%
Watertown–Fort Drum, NY MSA 114,787 116,721 −1.66%
Sandusky, OH MSA 113,838 115,986 −1.85% Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Lewiston–Auburn, ME MSA 113,765 111,139 +2.36% Portland–Lewiston–South Portland, ME CSA
Weirton–Steubenville, WV-OH MSA 113,544 116,903 −2.87% Pittsburgh–Weirton–Steubenville, PA-OH-WV CSA
Longview–Kelso, WA MSA 112,864 110,730 +1.93% Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Williamsport, PA MSA 112,724 114,188 −1.28% Williamsport–Lock Haven, PA CSA
Owensboro, KY MSA 112,512 112,464 +0.04%
Muncie, IN MSA 112,321 111,903 +0.37% Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Michigan City–La Porte, IN MSA 111,706 112,417 −0.63% Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Beckley, WV MSA 111,428 115,079 −3.17%
Sebring, FL MSA 107,614 101,235 +6.30%
Pinehurst–Southern Pines, NC MSA 106,898 99,727 +7.19% Fayetteville–Lumberton–Pinehurst, NC CSA
Gettysburg, PA MSA 106,748 103,852 +2.79% Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Kankakee, IL MSA 105,940 107,502 −1.45% Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Mankato, MN MSA 104,248 103,566 +0.66% Mankato–New Ulm, MN CSA
Sumter, SC MSA 104,165 105,556 −1.32% Columbia–Sumter–Orangeburg, SC CSA
Fond du Lac, WI MSA 103,948 104,154 −0.20%
Ithaca, NY MSA 103,558 105,740 −2.06% Ithaca–Cortland, NY CSA
Gadsden, AL MSA 103,241 103,436 −0.19%
Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA 103,120 104,362 −1.19%
Bay City, MI MSA 102,500 103,856 −1.31% Saginaw–Midland–Bay City, MI CSA
Paducah, KY-IL MSA 102,267 103,486 −1.18% Paducah–Mayfield, KY-IL CSA
Cheyenne, WY MSA 100,984 100,512 +0.47%
Lima, OH MSA 100,838 102,206 −1.34% Lima–Van Wert–Celina, OH CSA
Decatur, IL MSA 100,591 103,998 −3.28%
Rome, GA MSA 100,113 98,584 +1.55% Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Hot Springs, AR MSA 99,784 100,180 −0.40% Hot Springs–Malvern, AR CSA
Dubuque, IA MSA 98,887 99,266 −0.38%
Victoria, TX MSA 98,808 98,331 +0.49% Victoria–Port Lavaca, TX CSA
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA 98,223 97,517 +0.72% Cape Girardeau–Sikeston, MO-IL CSA
Corvallis, OR MSA 97,713 95,184 +2.66% Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Helena, MT MSA 96,091 89,832 +6.97%
Fairbanks–College, AK MSA 94,840 95,655 −0.85%
Pocatello, ID MSA 90,400 87,018 +3.89%
Hinesville, GA MSA 88,804 81,424 +9.06% Savannah–Hinesville–Statesboro, GA CSA
Parkersburg–Vienna, WV MSA 88,052 89,490 −1.61% Parkersburg–Marietta–Vienna, WV-OH CSA
Grants Pass, OR MSA 87,821 88,090 −0.31% Medford–Grants Pass, OR CSA
Great Falls, MT MSA 84,900 84,414 +0.58%
Midland, MI MSA 84,039 83,494 +0.65% Saginaw–Midland–Bay City, MI CSA
Columbus, IN MSA 84,003 82,208 +2.18% Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Kokomo, IN MSA 83,831 83,658 +0.21% Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Elmira, NY MSA 81,325 84,148 −3.35% Elmira–Corning, NY CSA
Casper, WY MSA 79,941 79,955 −0.02%
Grand Island, NE MSA 76,479 77,038 −0.73%
Minot, ND MSA 75,742 77,546 −2.33%
Lewiston, ID-WA MSA 65,536 64,375 +1.80%
Enid, OK MSA 62,023 62,846 −1.31%
Walla Walla, WA MSA 61,568 62,584 −1.62% Kennewick–Richland-Walla Walla, WA CSA
Carson City, NV MSA 58,036 58,639 −1.03% Reno–Carson City–Gardnerville Ranchos, NV-CA CSA
Eagle Pass, TX MSA 57,762 57,887 −0.22%

Puerto Rico

This sortable table lists the six metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) of Puerto Rico including:

  1. The MSA rank by population as of July 1, 2023, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau[15]
  2. The MSA name as designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget[16]
  3. The MSA population as of July 1, 2023, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau[15]
  4. The MSA population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the 2020 United States census[15][a]
  5. The percent MSA population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2023[15]
  6. The combined statistical area (CSA)[17] if the MSA is a component[18]
The six metropolitan statistical areas of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Rank Metropolitan statistical area 2023 estimate 2020 census Change Encompassing combined statistical area
1 San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas, PR MSA 2,035,733 2,081,265 −2.19% San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area
2 Ponce, PR MSA 266,237 278,477 −4.40% Ponce–Coamo, PR Combined Statistical Area
3 Aguadilla, PR MSA 250,435 253,768 −1.31% Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area
4 Mayagüez, PR MSA 207,877 213,831 −2.78% Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area
5 Arecibo, PR MSA 179,470 182,705 −1.77% San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area
6 Guayama, PR MSA 65,190 68,442 −4.75% San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area

See also

  • iconGeography portal
  • flagUnited States portal
  • flagPuerto Rico portal

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b Populations adjusted for new MSA delineations as redefined in 2023

References

  1. ^ "Metropolitan Areas". US Census Bureau. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  2. ^ "Glossary". Archived from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
  3. ^ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. pp. 459. ISBN 9780415252256.
  4. ^ Cox, Wendell (August 1, 2014). "Urban Cores, Core Cities and Principal Cities". newgeography.com. Archived from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
  5. ^ Nussle, Jim (November 20, 2008). "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2017.
  6. ^ a b Executive Office of the President (July 21, 2023). "Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF) (Press release). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2023. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
  7. ^ Census Geographic Glossary Archived September 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Census Bureau
  8. ^ a b c "2020 Standards for Delineating Core Based Statistical Areas". Federal Register. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
  9. ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  10. ^ "Recommendations From the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management and Budget Concerning Changes to the 2010 Standards for Delineating Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas". Federal Register. January 19, 2021. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  11. ^ The White House (July 13, 2021). "Office of Management and Budget Announces 2020 Standards for Delineating Core Based Statistical Areas" (Press release). Archived from the original on July 16, 2021. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d Gardner, Todd (February 2021). Changes in Metropolitan Area Definition, 1910–2010 (PDF). Center for Economic Studies (Report). United States Census Bureau. pp. 5–6, 12. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  13. ^ a b "History: Metropolitan Areas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  14. ^ "Census Makes a 'Metropolis'". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. December 28, 1980. p. E2.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020-2023". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 14, 2024. Retrieved March 15, 2024.
  16. ^ a b "OMB Bulletin No. 23-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF). United States Office of Management and Budget. July 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
  17. ^ a b The U.S.Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines a CSA (CSA) as an aggregate of adjacent core-based statistical areas that are linked by commuting ties.
  18. ^ a b "OMB Bulletin No. 20-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF). United States Office of Management and Budget. March 6, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2020.

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