Miglitol

Chemical compound

US FDA: Miglitol

Pregnancy
category

AU: B3

Routes of
administrationBy mouth (tablets)ATC code

A10BF02 (WHO)

US: ℞-only

Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailabilityDose-dependentProtein bindingNegligible (<4.0%)MetabolismNilElimination half-life2 hoursExcretionRenal (95%)Identifiers

IUPAC name

(2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)
piperidine-3,4,5-triol

CAS Number

72432-03-2^Y

PubChem CID

441314

IUPHAR/BPS

4842

DrugBank

DB00491^Y

ChemSpider

390074^Y

UNII

0V5436JAQW

KEGG

D00625^Y

ChEMBL

ChEMBL1561^Y

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

DTXSID0023323

ECHA InfoCard100.069.670

Chemical and physical dataFormulaC₈H₁₇NO₅Molar mass207.226 g·mol⁻¹3D model (JSmol)

Interactive image

Density1.458 g/cm³Melting point114 °C (237 °F)

SMILES

OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO

InChI

InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1^Y
Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N^Y

(verify)

Miglitol is an oral anti-diabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the ability of the patient to break down complex carbohydrates into glucose. It is primarily used in diabetes mellitus type 2 for establishing greater glycemic control by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides) into monosaccharides which can be absorbed by the body.^[1]

Miglitol, and other structurally-related iminosugars, inhibit glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect.^[2] Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

References

^ "Migliotl: MedlinePlus Drug Information". MedlinePlus. National Institutes of Health. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
^ "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2013.

Oral diabetes medication, insulins and insulin analogs, and other drugs used in diabetes (A10)

Insulins/insulin analogs

fast-acting	Insulin aspart Insulin glulisine Insulin lispro
short-acting	Regular insulin^#
long-acting	Insulin detemir^# Insulin glargine^# (+lixisenatide) NPH insulin Lente insulin^‡ Ultralente insulin^‡
ultra-long-acting	Insulin degludec^# (+insulin aspart, +liraglutide) Insulin icodec^† (+semaglutide)
inhalable	Exubera^‡ Afrezza

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

Non-insulins

Insulin sensitizers

Biguanides	Buformin^‡ Metformin^# Phenformin^‡
TZDs/"glitazones" (PPAR)	Ciglitazone^§ Darglitazone^§ Englitazone^§ Lobeglitazone Netoglitazone^§ Pioglitazone Rivoglitazone^† Rosiglitazone Troglitazone^‡
Dual PPAR agonists	Aleglitazar^† Muraglitazar^§ Saroglitazar Tesaglitazar^§
Amylin analogs and DACRAs	Cagrilintide^§ Pramlintide

Secretagogues

K⁺_ATP

Sulfonylureas	1st generation: Acetohexamide Carbutamide Chlorpropamide Glycyclamide Metahexamide Tolazamide Tolbutamide 2nd generation: Glibenclamide (glyburide) Glibornuride Glicaramide Gliclazide^# Glimepiride Glipizide Gliquidone Glisoxepide Glyclopyramide
Meglitinides/"glinides"	Mitiglinide Nateglinide Repaglinide

GLP-1 receptor agonists

GLP1 poly-agonist peptides	Mazdutide (GLP-1/GCGR) Retatrutide^§ (GLP-1/GIP/GCGR) Tirzepatide (GLP-1/GIP)

DPP-4 inhibitors/"gliptins"

Other

Aldose reductase inhibitors	Epalrestat Fidarestat^§ Ranirestat^† Tolrestat^‡ Zenarestat^§
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors	Acarbose Miglitol Voglibose
SGLT2 inhibitors/"gliflozins"	Canagliflozin Dapagliflozin Empagliflozin^# Ertugliflozin Ipragliflozin Luseogliflozin Remogliflozin^§ Sergliflozin^§ Sotagliflozin Tofogliflozin^† Velagliflozin
Other	Benfluorex^‡ Bromocriptine Imeglimin