Mikhail Yangel

Soviet engineer and missile designer (1911–1971)

Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel
2011 Stamp of Ukraine depicting the image of Mikhail Yangel and R-11 rocket
Born	(1911-11-07)7 November 1911 Zyryanov settlement of Irkutsk gubernia, Russian Empire
Died	25 October 1971(1971-10-25) (aged 59) Moscow, USSR
Resting place	Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow
Occupation	Engineer
Engineering career
Practice name	Rocket engineering
Awards	Lenin Prize (1960), USSR State Prize (1967), 4 Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, medals

Signature

Soviet space program
Part of a series of articles on the
Soviet crewed lunar programs Luna program
Human spaceflight programs Vostok Voskhod Soyuz Salyut Apollo–Soyuz (joint) Mir Zond (lunar Soyuz 7K-L1) N1-L3 (Moon landing) TMK (Mars flyby) Spiral Almaz / TKS Energia / Buran
Space probes Sputnik program Kosmos Bion GLONASS Molniya Meteor Zenit Luna program Zond program Lunokhod program Mars program Phobos program Marsnik program Astron (spacecraft) Orion 1 and Orion 2 Space Observatories RELIKT-1 Venera Vega program
Expendable launch vehicles Kosmos-3M Molniya-M Proton K Soyuz U Zenit 2 Energia Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M N1 R-7 Luna Molniya Polyot Soyuz L M U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M Tsyklon 2 3
Notable figures Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Friedrich Zander Mstislav Keldysh Sergei Korolev Laika Yuri Gagarin Alexander Kemurdzhian Valentina Tereshkova Alexei Leonov Konstantin Feoktistov Mikhail Tikhonravov Mikhail Yangel Valentin Glushko Vladimir Chelomey Kerim Kerimov Vasily Mishin Boris Chertok
Cosmonauts List of Soviet and Russian cosmonauts
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Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel (Russian: Михаил Кузьмич Янгель; 7 November 1911 – 25 October 1971), was a Soviet engineer born in Irkutsk who was the leading designer in the missile program of the former Soviet Union.

Biography

Yangel was the grandson of a Russian political prisoner who had been deported to Siberia by the Tsarist regime.^[1]^[2]

Yangel's career started as an aviation engineer, after graduating from Moscow Aviation Institute in 1937. He worked with famous aircraft designers Nikolai Polikarpov and later, Artem Mikoyan. Then he moved to the field of ballistic missiles, where he first was in charge of guidance systems. As Sergei Korolev’s associate, he set up a rocket propulsion centre in Dnepropetrovsk in UkSSR which later formed the basis of his own OKB-586 design bureau in 1954. At first, Yangel’s facility served to mass-produce and further develop intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) in which area Yangel was a pioneer of storeable hypergolic fuels. His bureau designed the R-12, R-16 and R-36, whose launch vehicle adaptations are known as Kosmos, Tsyklon and Dnepr respectively. Yangel narrowly avoided death during the development of the R-16 in the 1960 Nedelin catastrophe.

Yangel's bureau was part of the Ministry of General Machine Building headed by Sergey Afanasyev.

For his outstanding work, Mikhail Yangel was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1960 and USSR State Prize in 1967. He was also awarded four Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, and numerous medals. He died in Moscow in 1971.

Several notable places were named after Yangel:

A street in the Chertanovo neighborhood in Moscow
A Metro station Ulitsa Akademika Yangelya on the Serpukhovsko-Timiryazevskaya Line (near the above street)
A street in Kyiv
One of the two major streets in Baikonur (the other is in honor of his main rival Sergei Korolev)
The crater Yangel on the Moon.

A minor planet 3039 Yangel discovered by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravlyova in 1978 is named after him.^[3]

Literature

"Rockets and people" – B. E. Chertok, M: "mechanical engineering", 1999. ISBN 5-217-02942-0 (in Russian)
"Testing of rocket and space technology - the business of my life" Events and facts - A.I. Ostashev, Korolyov, 2001.[1];
"Baikonur. Korolev. Yangel." - M. I. Kuznetsk, Voronezh: IPF "Voronezh", 1997, ISBN 5-89981-117-X;
A.I. Ostashev, Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov - The Genius of the 20th Century — 2010 M. of Public Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training MGUL ISBN 978-5-8135-0510-2.
"Bank of the Universe" - edited by Boltenko A. C., Kyiv, 2014., publishing house "Phoenix", ISBN 978-966-136-169-9
"S. P. Korolev. Encyclopedia of life and creativity" - edited by C. A. Lopota, RSC Energia. S. P. Korolev, 2014 ISBN 978-5-906674-04-3
The official website of the city administration Baikonur - Honorary citizens of Baikonur
"Space science city Korolev" - Author: Posamentir R. D. M: publisher SP Struchenevsky O. V., ISBN 978-5-905234-12-5
"I look back and have no regrets. " - Author: Abramov, Anatoly Petrovich: publisher "New format" Barnaul, 2022. ISBN 978-5-00202-034-8

References

Mikhail Yangel family history (in Russian)

^ James J. Harford (1997). Korolev: how one man masterminded the Soviet drive to beat America to the moon. Wiley. p. 392. ISBN 9780471148531.
^ Soviet Literature. Foreign Languages Publishing House. 1984.
^ Lutz D. Schmadel (1978). P. Treiber (ed.). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer. p. 250. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06615-7. ISBN 978-3-662-06617-1.