Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array

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The MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA) is a ground-based robotic dedicated exoplanet observatory. The facility is an array of small-aperture robotic telescopes outfitted for both photometry and high-resolution Doppler spectroscopy located at the U.S. Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] The project's principal investigator is the American astronomer Jason Eastman.^[1] The telescopes were manufactured by PlaneWave Instruments.

Science objectives

The primary science goal of MINERVA is to discover Earth-like planets in close-in (less than 50-day) orbits around nearby stars, and super-Earths (3-15 times the mass of Earth) in the habitable zones of the closest Sun-like stars. The secondary goal is to look for transits (eclipses) of known and newly discovered extrasolar planets. The unique design of the MINERVA observatory allows the pursuit of both goals simultaneously.

Specifications and status

Telescopes: Four PlaneWave CDK700, 0.7m telescopes within 2 custom telescope enclosures designed by LCOGT engineers. One MINERVA-Red telescope
Cameras: 2k × 2k back illuminated CCD with 15 µm pixels offering > 20’ f.o.v.
Spectrograph: Stabilized, R = 75,000 echelle spectrograph with iodine cell for precise radial velocimetry designed by KiwiStar Optics (a business unit of Callaghan Innovation; a New Zealand government-owned Crown entity).
Status: Full photometric science operations began in May 2015 at FLWO. The spectrograph was installed Dec 2015.

MINERVA-Red

MINERVA-Red is an echelle spectrograph optimized for the 'deep red', between 800 nm and 900 nm (where M-dwarfs are brightest) with a robotic 0.7 meter telescope. It uses a Fabry-Perot etalon and U/Ne lamp for wavelength calibration.^[5]^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b "A dedicated Exoplanet Oservatory". Harvard. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
^ Gudmundur Stefansson (26 December 2014). "MINERVA: MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array". Astrobites. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
^ Kristina Hogstrom (16 August 2013). "MINERVA: Using Small, Fully Robotic Telescopes to Search for Habitable-Zone Exoplanets". NASA. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
^ "Earth-hunting, guerilla style". Planetquest JPL/NASA. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
^ Sliski, David; Blake, Cullen; Johnson, John A.; Plavchan, Peter; Wittenmyer, Robert A.; Eastman, Jason D.; Barnes, Stuart; Baker, Ashley (2017). "MINERVA-Red: A telescope dedicated to the discovery of planets orbiting the nearest low-mass stars". American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #229. 229: 146.09. Bibcode:2017AAS...22914609S. MINERVA-Red: A telescope dedicated to the discovery of planets orbiting the nearest low-mass stars
^ "MINERVA-Red: An Intensive Survey for Planets Orbiting the Nearest Low-mass Stars to the Sun - Videos | Institute for Advanced Study". 7 October 2015.

External links

Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA) I. Design, Commissioning, and First Science Results
Dr. John Johnson – Lecture: Exoplanetary science and Kepler mission update on YouTube (time 25:01 min.)
Minerva-Red

Exoplanet search projects

Exoplanetology
Exoplanet

Ground-based

Space missions

Past	MOST (2003–2019) SWEEPS using HST (2006) CoRoT (2006–2013) EPOXI using Deep Impact (2008–2013) Kepler (2009–2018) detected exoplanets ASTERIA (2017–2020)
Current	Gaia (2013–present) TESS (2018–present) CHEOPS (2019–present) Hayabusa2 (2021–present) James Webb Space Telescope (2021–present)
Planned	PLATO (2026) ARIEL (2029) Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (mid-2020s)
Proposed	EXCEDE HabEx LIFE LUVOIR Nautilus Deep Space Observatory New Worlds Mission OST PEGASE
Cancelled	Darwin EChO Eddington Space Interferometry Mission Terrestrial Planet Finder