Mito, Ibaraki
Core city in Kantō, Japan
Mito 水戸市 | |||||||||
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 Flag  Seal | |||||||||
 Location of Mito in Ibaraki Prefecture | |||||||||
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| 36°21′57″N 140°28′16.5″E / 36.36583°N 140.471250°E / 36.36583; 140.471250 | |||||||||
| Country | Japan | ||||||||
| Region | Kantō | ||||||||
| Prefecture | Ibaraki | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
| • Total | 217.32 km2 (83.91 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population (January 2024) | |||||||||
| • Total | 268,036 | ||||||||
| • Density | 1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi) | ||||||||
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time) | ||||||||
| - Tree | Prunus mume | ||||||||
| - Flower | Bush clover (hagi) | ||||||||
| - Bird | White wagtail | ||||||||
| Phone number | 029-224-1111 | ||||||||
| Address | 1-4-1 Chūō, Mito-shi, Ibaraki-ken 310−8610 | ||||||||
| Website | Official website | ||||||||
Mito (水戸市, Mito-shi) is the capital city of Ibaraki Prefecture, in the northern Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 January 2024[update], the city had an estimated population of 268,036 in 126,055 households and a population density of 1,233 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 27.1%.[1] The total area of the city is 217.32 square kilometres (83.91 sq mi).
Geography
Mito is located in central Ibaraki Prefecture. Mito Station is about 10 km inland from the Pacific Ocean which Naka River, flowing from the north to the east of the city, pours into. Immediately south is Lake Senba, a recreational area. A main street extends from Mito Station to the west, and residential areas to the south and the west in particular.
Surrounding municipalities
Ibaraki Prefecture
Climate
Mito has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Mito is 13.6 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1353.8 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.2 °C, and lowest in January, at around 3.0 °C.[2]
| Climate data for Mito (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1897−present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 23.8 (74.8) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.9 (78.6) | 31.0 (87.8) | 33.4 (92.1) | 34.5 (94.1) | 38.4 (101.1) | 38.4 (101.1) | 36.8 (98.2) | 33.1 (91.6) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.0 (77.0) | 38.4 (101.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.2 (48.6) | 9.8 (49.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 17.8 (64.0) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.5 (76.1) | 28.5 (83.3) | 30.0 (86.0) | 26.4 (79.5) | 21.2 (70.2) | 16.3 (61.3) | 11.4 (52.5) | 19.2 (66.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) | 4.1 (39.4) | 7.4 (45.3) | 12.3 (54.1) | 17.0 (62.6) | 20.3 (68.5) | 24.2 (75.6) | 25.6 (78.1) | 22.1 (71.8) | 16.6 (61.9) | 10.8 (51.4) | 5.6 (42.1) | 14.1 (57.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) | −1.2 (29.8) | 2.1 (35.8) | 7.0 (44.6) | 12.5 (54.5) | 17.0 (62.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 22.2 (72.0) | 18.6 (65.5) | 12.5 (54.5) | 5.9 (42.6) | 0.5 (32.9) | 9.7 (49.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.0 (10.4) | −12.7 (9.1) | −9.0 (15.8) | −3.5 (25.7) | −0.1 (31.8) | 7.3 (45.1) | 10.2 (50.4) | 12.7 (54.9) | 7.9 (46.2) | −0.5 (31.1) | −4.7 (23.5) | −8.2 (17.2) | −12.7 (9.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 54.5 (2.15) | 53.8 (2.12) | 102.8 (4.05) | 116.7 (4.59) | 144.5 (5.69) | 135.7 (5.34) | 141.8 (5.58) | 116.9 (4.60) | 186.3 (7.33) | 185.4 (7.30) | 79.7 (3.14) | 49.6 (1.95) | 1,367.7 (53.85) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 4 (1.6) | 6 (2.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 12 (4.7) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.5 mm) | 5.5 | 6.0 | 10.5 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.0 | 12.5 | 9.4 | 11.8 | 12.0 | 8.0 | 5.9 | 118.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 63 | 63 | 66 | 70 | 74 | 81 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 79 | 75 | 68 | 74 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 195.4 | 174.3 | 182.7 | 183.5 | 186.1 | 137.8 | 150.8 | 179.4 | 138.7 | 140.6 | 153.7 | 178.0 | 2,000.8 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency[3] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
Per Japanese census data,[4] the population of Mito has steadily increased over the past century.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 141,154 | — |
| 1960 | 162,160 | +14.9% |
| 1970 | 195,818 | +20.8% |
| 1980 | 239,742 | +22.4% |
| 1990 | 260,456 | +8.6% |
| 2000 | 261,562 | +0.4% |
| 2010 | 268,750 | +2.7% |
| 2020 | 270,685 | +0.7% |
History
The Yamato people settled in Mito around the 4th century CE. Around the end of the Heian period, Baba Sukemoto, a warlord of the Heike clan, moved to Mito and built a castle there. Mito Castle changed hands several times after that; coming under the control of the Satake clan won it in Sengoku period, but the Satake were forced to surrender it to Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603 after the Battle of Sekigahara. Ieyasu's son Tokugawa Yorifusa was then given Mito Castle, becoming head of one of the three "gosanke" branches of the clan qualified to provide a new shōgun should the main family line fail. During this period, Mito was the seat of the so-called Mito School, a congregation of nativist scholars of Confucian persuasion led by Aizawa Seishisai, who during the 18th and 19th centuries advocated Western learning as a means not only to further Japanese technological development and international strength, but as means to prove Japanese uniqueness and superiority among nations. The Kōdōkan was the largest of the han schools. The capital of Edo was directly connected to Mito by the Mito Kaidō.[5] The Tokugawa ruled Mito until the Meiji Restoration.
The city of Mito was formed on April 1, 1889, with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. It was one of the first 31 cities to be established in Japan. With a population of 25,000, it was designated as the prefectural capital of Ibaraki Prefecture. By 1900, the Jōban Line connected Mito to Tokyo, and by 1910, telephones and electric lighting were available throughout the city. More than three-quarters of the city was burned to the ground during the Mito air raid of August 2, 1945, just before the end of World War II.
The borders of Mito expanded in 1955 through 1958 through the annexation of the neighboring villages of Kamiono, Watari, Yoshida, Sakedo, Kawawada, Yanagawa, Kunita and Iitomi and Akatsuka. The village of Tsunezumi was annexed in 1992. In 2001, Mito was designated a special city with increased local autonomy. The neighboring town of Uchihara was annexed in 2005. The city suffered from severe damage in the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami with 25,982 houses completely or partially destroyed; however, there were only two fatalities.
Mito was designated a core city, with further increases in local autonomy on April 4, 2020.
Government
Mito has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 28 members. Mito contributes six members to the Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is divided between the Ibaraki 1st district and the Ibaraki 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Economy
Mito is primarily a regional commercial center and administrative city as most industry in Ibaraki is concentrated around the nearby cities of Tsukuba and Hitachi. Mito has a modest but thriving tourism industry, centered on the Kairaku-en gardens and local museums dedicated to the Tokugawa family.
Education
- Ibaraki University
- Tokiwa University
- Tokiwa Junior College
- Mito has 32 public elementary schools and 15 public middle schools operated by the city government, and one public elementary school and one public middle school operated by the national government. The city also has one private elementary school and two private middle schools. Mito has seven public high school operated by the Ibaraki Prefectural Board of Education and seven private high schools, as well as one public and one private high school which offers only night and correspondence courses. The prefecture also operates six special education schools for the handicapped.
- Ibaraki Korean Primary, Middle and High School, a North Korean school, is in the city.
Transportation
Railway
JR East - Mito Line / Jōban Line
- Mito
Kashima Rinkai Railway Ōarai Kashima Line
- Mito - Higashi-Mito - Tsunezumi
Highway
Jōban Expressway – Mito Interchange
Kita-Kantō Expressway – Mito Minami Interchange- Higashi-Mito Road – Mito-Oarai Interchange
National Route 6
National Route 50
National Route 51
National Route 118
National Route 123
National Route 124
National Route 245
National Route 349
National Route 400
Media
- Ibaraki Shimbun
- Ibaraki Broadcast System
Local attractions
- Mito is the site of the Japanese garden Kairaku-en which is counted as one of the Three Great Gardens of Japan. Constructed by Tokugawa Nariaki in 1842, the park is known nationwide for its ume trees. Many people come to the park in spring to view the blossoms, particularly during the Ume Festival. In summer, Mito also holds the Mito Koumon Festival.
- Art Tower Mito
- Ibaraki Museum of Modern Art
- Ibaraki Prefectural Museum of History
- Kōdōkan School
- Lake Senba
- Mito Castle
- Mito Municipal Botanical Park
- Tokiwa Jinja
Professional sports
- Mito HollyHock, J. League
- Ibaraki Robots, B. League
- Malva FC, F. League
Sister city relations
– Anaheim, California, United States, since December 21, 1976
– Chongqing, China, friendship city since June 6, 2000
– Tsuruga, Fukui, Japan, since October 10, 1964
Notable people
- Tatsuro, musician and singer of Mucc[6]
- Satochi, musician and drummer of Mucc[6]
- Ayase Ueda, footballer
- Yuko Suzuhana, musician
- Hiroyuki Watanabe, actor
- Mika Katsumura, actress
- Saya Hiyama, news anchor
- Yokoyama Taikan, artist
- Nakamura Tsune, artist
- Stomu Takeishi, musician
- Aritomo Gotō, IJN admiral
- Takeo Kurita, IJN admiral
- Kinji Fukasaku, movie director
- Takashi Koizumi, movie director
- Teru Shimada, actor
- Yutaka Nakajima, actor
- Shin’ichirō Ikebe, musician
- Mayumi Gojo, singer
- Nobuo Tobita, voice actor
- Megumi Nakajima, voice actress, singer
- Azusa Tadokoro, voice actress, singer
- Mitoizumi Masayuki, sumo wrestler (Sekiwake)
- Musōyama Masashi, sumo wrestler (Ōzeki)
- Miyabiyama Tetsushi, sumo wrestler (Ōzeki)
- Takashi Yagihashi, chef
- Sugiura Shigemine, World War 2 fighter pilot, worshiped now as a god in Tainan, Taiwan
- Hitachiyama Taniemon, sumo wrestler (Yokozuna)
- Hidenori Shoji, video game music composer
Gallery
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Art Tower Mito -
Ume Festival at Kairaku-en Park -
Legend of Daidarabotchi -
LakeSenba & Duck -
Lake Senba & Mito city -
Downtown of Mito city
References
- ^ "Ibaraki prefectural official statistics" (in Japanese). Japan.
- ^ Mito climate data
- ^ 気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
- ^ Mito population statistics
- ^ Chiba Kokaidō Rekishi Sanpo. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Accessed December 28, 2007.
- ^ a b "ロックバンドMUCC(ムック)が石岡市ふるさと大使と水戸大使にダブルで就任！". Ishioka City Tourism Association (in Japanese). 2017-05-01. Retrieved 2023-12-05.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mito, Ibaraki.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Mito.
- Official Website (in Japanese)
- Public Interest Incorporated Foundation The Tokugawa Museum (in English)
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