A tribe of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents
| Myocastorini |
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| Nutria (Myocastor coypus) |
Scientific classification  |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Echimyidae |
| Subfamily: | Echimyinae |
| Tribe: | Myocastorini
Fabre et al. 2017 [1] |
| Genera |
| Callistomys
Hoplomys
Myocastor
Proechimys
Thrichomys |
Myocastorini is a tribe of echimyid rodents, proposed in 2017, and containing the five extant genera Callistomys, Hoplomys, Myocastor, Proechimys, and Thrichomys.[1]
Definition
Myocastorini members share long upper incisor roots (except Callistomys), and mid- to long-sized lower incisor roots. These five genera share either four (Callistomys, Thrichomys) or five (Hoplomys, Myocastor, Proechimys) lophids on the lower deciduous fourth premolar, three roots anchoring the upper molars, and well-connected lophs on cheek teeth.[1]
Members display a variety of lifestyles including terrestrial (Hoplomys, Proechimys, Thrichomys), arboreal (Callistomys), and amphibious (Myocastor) adaptations.
Phylogeny
On the one hand, the genus Proechimys is the sister group to the genus Hoplomys (armored rats), and both form a clade of lowland rainforest terrestrial spiny rats. On the other hand, Callistomys (painted tree-rats) is the sister group to Myocastor (coypus). In turn, these two pairs of genera share evolutionary affinities with Thrichomys (punaré).
| Genus-level cladogram of the Myocastorini. |
| Myocastorini | | | Thrichomys (punaré) | | | | | | | Callistomys (painted tree-rat) | | | | | Myocastor (nutria) | | | | | | | | | | Hoplomys (armored rat) | | | | | Proechimys | | | | | | | | | |
| The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][1] |
References
- ^ a b c d Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.; Emmons, Louise H.; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2017-03-01). "Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (3): 613–633. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw261. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 28025278.
- ^ Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015. PMID 15683932.
- ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 417–429. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020. PMID 22327013.
- ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x. ISSN 1463-6409. S2CID 83639441.
- ^ Loss, Ana; Moura, Raquel T.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2014). "Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat Callistomys pictus (Rodentia: Echimyidae)" (PDF). Natureza on Line. 12: 132–136.
- ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01). "Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics". Biology Letters. 10 (7): 20140266. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 4126619. PMID 25115033.
- ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos. pp. 63–120.
- ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Patton, James L.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2016). "Family Echimyidae (hutias, South American spiny-rats and coypu)". In Wilson, Don E.; Lacher, Thomas E. Jr; Mittermeier, Russell A. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 552–641. ISBN 978-84-941892-3-4.
Extant species of family Echimyidae (Spiny rats), including Myocastoridae (Coypus) and Capromyidae (Hutias)
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| Echimyinae | | Echimyini | | Dactylomys | - Bolivian bamboo rat (D. boliviensis)
- Amazon bamboo rat (D. dactylinus)
- Montane bamboo rat (D. peruanus)
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| Diplomys | - Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (D. caniceps)
- Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (D. labilis)
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| Echimys | - White-faced spiny tree-rat (E. chrysurus)
- Dark spiny tree-rat (E. saturnus)
- Vieira's spiny tree-rat (E. vieirai)
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| Isothrix | - I. barbarabrownae
- Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (I. bistriata)
- Rio Negro brush-tailed rat (I. negrensis)
- Plain brush-tailed rat (I. pagurus)
- Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (I. sinnamariensis)
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| Kannabateomys | - Atlantic bamboo rat (K. amblyonyx)
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| Lonchothrix | - Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat (L. emiliae)
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| Makalata | - Red-nosed armored tree-rat (M. didelphoides)
- Long-tailed armored tree-rat (M. macrura)
- Dark armored tree-rat (M. obscura)
- Peruvian armored tree-rat (M. rhipidura)
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| Mesomys | - Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (M. hispidus)
- Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat (M. leniceps)
- Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat (M. occultus)
- Pará spiny tree-rat (M. stimulax)
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| Olallamys | - White-tailed olalla rat (O. albicauda)
- Greedy olalla rat (O. edax)
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| Pattonomys | - Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (P. occasius)
- Speckled spiny tree-rat (P. semivillosus)
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| Phyllomys | - Golden Atlantic tree-rat (P. blainvillii)
- Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat (P. brasiliensis)
- Drab Atlantic tree-rat (P. dasythrix)
- Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat (P. kerri)
- Pallid Atlantic tree-rat (P. lamarum)
- Lund's Atlantic tree-rat (P. lundi)
- Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat (P. mantiqueirensis)
- Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. medius)
- Blacked-spined Atlantic tree-rat (P. nigrispinus)
- Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat (P. pattoni)
- Southern Atlantic tree-rat (P. sulinus)
- Giant Atlantic tree-rat (P. thomasi)
- Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. unicolor)
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| Santamartamys | - Red-crested tree-rat (S. rufodorsalis)
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| Toromys | - Giant tree-rat (T. grandis)
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| Myocastorini | | Callistomys | - Painted tree-rat (C. pictus)
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| Hoplomys | - Armored rat (H. gymnurus)
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| Myocastor | |
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| Proechimys | | group canicollis | - Colombian spiny rat (P. canicollis)
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| group decumanus | - Pacific spiny rat (P. decumanus)
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| group echinothrix | - Stiff-spine spiny rat (P. echinothrix)
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| group gardneri | - Gardner's spiny rat (P. gardneri)
- Kulina spiny rat (P. kulinae)
- Patton's spiny rat (P. pattoni)
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| group goeldii | - Goeldi's spiny rat (P. goeldii)
- Napo spiny rat (P. quadruplicatus)
- Steere's spiny rat (P. steerei)
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| group guyannensis | - Guyenne spiny rat (P. guyannensis)
- Roberto's spiny rat (P. roberti)
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| group longicaudatus | - Short-tailed spiny rat (P. brevicauda)
- Cuvier's spiny rat (P. cuvieri)
- Long-tailed spiny rat (P. longicaudatus)
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| group semispinosus | - O'Connell's spiny rat (P. oconnelli)
- Tome's spiny rat (P. semispinosus)
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| group simonsi | - Simon's spiny rat (P. simonsi)
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| group trinitatus | - Trinidad spiny rat (P. trinitatus)
- Boyacá spiny rat (P. chrysaeolus)
- Guaira spiny rat (P. guairae)
- Guyanan spiny rat (P. hoplomyoides)
- Magdalena spiny rat (P. magdalenae)
- Minca spiny rat (P. mincae)
- Gray-footed spiny rat (P. poliopus)
- Sucre spiny rat (P. urichi)
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| Thrichomys | - Common punaré (T. apereoides)
- Foster's punaré (T. fosteri)
- Highlands punaré (T. inermis)
- Sao Lourenço punaré (T. laurentius)
- Paraguayan punaré (T. pachyurus)
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| Euryzygomatomyinae | | — | | Clyomys | - Broad-headed spiny rat (C. laticeps)
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| Euryzygomatomys | - Brandt's guiara (E. guiara)
- Fischer's guiara (E. spinosus)
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| Trinomys | - White-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. albispinus)
- Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. dimidiatus)
- Elias's Atlantic spiny rat (T. eliasi)
- Gracile Atlantic spiny rat (T. gratiosus)
- Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat (T. iheringi)
- Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat (T. mirapitanga)
- Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat (T. moojeni)
- Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat (T. myosuros)
- Spiked Atlantic spiny rat (T. paratus)
- Hairy Atlantic spiny rat (T. setosus)
- Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat (T. yonenagae)
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| Incertae sedis | |
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| Capromyinae | | Capromyini | | Capromys | - Desmarest's hutia (C. pilorides)
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| Geocapromys | - Jamaican coney (G. brownii)
- Bahamian hutia (G. ingrahami)
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| Mesocapromys | - Cabrera's hutia (M. angelcabrerai)
- Eared hutia (M. auritus)
- Black-tailed hutia (M. melanurus)
- Dwarf hutia (M. nanus)
- San Felipe hutia (M. sanfelipensis)
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| Mysateles | - Garrido's hutia (M. garridoi)
- Isla De La Juventud tree hutia (M. meridionalis)
- Prehensile-tailed hutia (M. prehensilis)
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| Plagiodontini | |
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