National Liberation Committee
Italian World War II resistance movement
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- Alcide De Gasperi
- Pietro Nenni
- Palmiro Togliatti
- Ugo La Malfa
- Ferruccio Parri
The National Liberation Committee (Italian: Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale, CLN) was a political umbrella organization and the main representative of the Italian resistance movement fighting against Nazi Germany's forces during the German occupation of Italy in the aftermath of the armistice of Cassibile, while simultaneously fighting against Italian fascists during the Italian Civil War. It coordinated and directed the Italian resistance and was subdivided into the Central Committee for National Liberation (CCLN), which was based in Rome, and the later National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy (CLNAI), which was based in Milan. The CNL was a multi-party entity, whose members were united by their anti-fascism.[2][3]
History
The CLN was formed on 8 September 1943, following Italy's armistice and Germany's invasion of the country. The member parties were the Italian Communist Party, the Italian Socialist Party, the Action Party, the Christian Democracy, the Labour Democratic Party, and the Italian Liberal Party. With the backing of the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies of World War II, the CLN gained official recognition as the representative of the Italian resistance movement, and had several leaders operating underground in German-occupied Italy.[4]
The partisan formations controlled by the CLN were primarily divided between three main groups, Communist Garibaldi Brigades, the Action Party's Giustizia e Libertà Brigades, and Socialist Matteotti Brigades. Smaller groups included Catholic and monarchist partisans. There were partisan units not represented in the CLN, including the Maiella Brigades and anarchist, republican, and Trotskyist formations.[5]
The CLN led the governments of Italy from the liberation of Rome in June 1944 until the 1946 Italian general election, which was the first post-war general election. After being deprived of all its functions ahead of the 1946 elections, they were disbanded in 1947.[1]
Composition
| Party | Main ideology | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christian Democracy | Christian democracy | Alcide De Gasperi | |
| Italian Socialist Party | Democratic socialism Social democracy | Pietro Nenni | |
| Italian Communist Party | Communism Marxism–Leninism | Palmiro Togliatti | |
| Italian Liberal Party | Liberalism | Manlio Brosio | |
| Action Party | Liberal socialism | Ferruccio Parri | |
| Labour Democratic Party | Social democracy | Ivanoe Bonomi | |
Seats
| House | Period | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| National Council | 5 April 1945 – 24 June 1946 | 156 / 304 |
| Constituent Assembly | 25 June 1946 – 1 June 1947 | 503 / 556 |
Notes
- ^ The CLN was de facto dissolved with the end of the third De Gasperi government in 1947.[1]
References
- ^ a b "CLN". Dizionario di Storia (in Italian). Rome: Italian Encyclopedia Institute. 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ^ Delle Piane, Ilario (1948). "Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale (abbreviato CNL)". Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian). Vol. II Appendice. Rome: Italian Encyclopedia Institute. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ^ "Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale – CLN" (in Italian). ANPI. 25 December 2010. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ^ "La formazione del CLNAI (Comitato di liberazione nazionale Alta Italia)" (in Italian). ANPI. 29 September 2009. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
- ^ Casati, Davide; Jampaglia, Claudio (21 April 2015). "Il Cln, spiegato bene: che cosa era il Comitato di Liberazione nazionale". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). ISSN 2499-0485. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
Bibliography
- "CLN nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". Treccani (in Italian). Rome: Italian Encyclopedia Institute. 2013. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
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National Liberation Committee of Italy- Christian Democracy
- Italian Socialist Party
- Italian Communist Party
- Italian Liberal Party
- Action Party
- Labour Democratic Party
- Autonomous Brigades
- Garibaldi Brigades
- Justice and Liberty Brigades
- Green Flame Brigade
- Matteotti Brigades
- Osoppo Brigades
- People's Brigades
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