National Socialist Party of America
Political party in United States
The National Socialist Party of America (NSPA) was a Chicago-based organization founded in 1970 by Frank Collin shortly after he left the National Socialist White People's Party. The NSWPP had been the American Nazi Party until shortly after the assassination of its leader George Lincoln Rockwell in 1967. Collin, a follower of Rockwell, developed differences with his successor Matt Koehl.
The party's headquarters was in Chicago's Marquette Park, and its main activity in the early 1970s was organizing loud demonstrations against black people moving into previously all-white neighborhoods. The marches and community reaction led the city of Chicago in 1977 to ban all demonstrations in Marquette Park unless they paid an insurance fee of $250,000 (equivalent to $1.26 million in 2023).[1][2] While challenging the city's actions in the courts, the party decided to redirect its attention to Chicago's suburbs, which had no such restrictions.
Harold Covington succeeded Collin as leader of the NSPA in 1979,[3] before dissolving the organization in 1981.[4]
Skokie controversy
In 1977 Collin announced the party's intention to march through the largely Jewish community of Skokie, Illinois, where one in six residents was a Holocaust survivor. A legal battle ensued when the village attempted to ban the event and the party. Represented by a Jewish ACLU lawyer in court, they won the right to march on First Amendment grounds in National Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie, a lawsuit carried all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, though it failed to carry through its intention (at the last minute, Chicago relented and they marched there instead).
See also
- Neo-Nazi groups in the Americas
- National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie
- Marquette Park rallies
References
- ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ Dukes, Jesse (April 23, 2017). "The Nazis' Neighborhood". Curious City. WBEZ.
- ^ Guillory, Ferrel (May 14, 1980). "Nazi's Showing in N.C. Race Embarrasses GOP". The Washington Post.
- ^ "N.C. Nazi Chief Quits". The Daily Item. Sumter, SC. Associated Press. March 27, 1981. Retrieved November 26, 2020.
External links
- "When the Nazis Came to Skokie". University Press of Kansas. Archived from the original on August 27, 2007. Retrieved September 13, 2007.
- "Attempted Nazi March of 1977 and 1978 in Skokie – Digitized Document Collection from the Skokie Public Library". Skokie Public Library Research Resources. Archived from the original on February 2, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2007.
- "Smith v. Collin – US Supreme Court decision permitting marches (denying the village's appeal)". findlaw.com. October 16, 1978. Retrieved September 13, 2007.
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