Ndumo Game Reserve
Ndumo Game Reserve is a small (11,000 hectares (27,000 acres))[2] South African game reserve located in the far northeast district of KwaZulu-Natal known as Maputaland. It is situated on the border with Mozambique where the Pongola River joins the Great Usutu River. It is adjacent to the Tembe Elephant Park. Ndumo is relatively remote, being over 400 kilometres (250 mi) from Durban. The town of Mkuze is 110 kilometres (68 mi) away.
Ndumo hosts a diverse range of habitats including sand forest, dense riverine forest, floodplains, alluvial plains, reedbeds, grassland, broad-leaved and acacia woodlands and extremely dense thornveld. Ndumo is popular for its birdlife and despite its small size, the reserve has recorded in excess of 430 bird species including residents and seasonal migrants. The park's abundance of pans, floodplains and rivers (Pongola & Usutu) provide suitable habitat for many aquatic species. The Maputaland area in general is relatively rich in birdlife due to ecosystem diversity as well as its geographical location: the area forms the southernmost range for a great many eastern and north-eastern African bird species. The area receives a high annual rainfall.
A short list of sought-after bird species resident to Ndumo:
- Pel's fishing owl
- Narina trogon
- African broadbill
- Eastern nicator (formerly "yellow-spotted nicator" but this name is now given to another bird, the western nicator)
- African cuckoo-hawk
Large mammals found in Ndumo include nyala, hippopotamus, Nile crocodile, impala and Cape buffalo. Big cats are absent from the park. Elephants are prolific at the neighbouring Tembe Elephant Park.
As with all parts of Maputaland, malaria is endemic and visitors are advised to take the proper precautions.
There is an Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife campsite and hutted camp.
This park is to be included into the: Usuthu-Tembe-Futi Transfrontier Conservation Area.
Displacement of Indigenous Peoples
In 1924, the area that is now the Ndumo Game Reserve was declared to be a protected area by South Africa. In the 1950s and 60s, the local inhabitants were forcibly evicted from their native lands. Although the Ndumo communities legally contested their right to the land, they were denied the right to resettle the land, instead given financial restitution and (in theory) a say in management. One resident says of this period of time:
There we were rich; we ate sweet potatoes, bananas, madumbe [root vegetable], cassava and pumpkins. We drank from the Usuthu River. Today that river is reserved for the hippos and crocodiles while our children die from drought. The wild fruits are left to fatten the monkeys, and the rhinos graze on the graves of our ancestors.[3]
The unresolved dispute over control of this land, and ongoing issues with Community Based Natural Resource Management as a conservation model in the province (Meer 2010), has resulted in the anomalous situation that the eastern part of this declared provincial game reserve is now occupied and farmed by locals. This is despite its status as a Ramsar wetland of international importance, declared in 1997. Farmland is replacing the indigenous vegetation and wildlife, and crocodiles no longer nest along the river.
References
- ^ "Ndumo Game Reserve". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ Ndumo Game Reserve: Integrated Management Plan (2009–2013), Version 1.0. (2009). Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Pietermaritzburg, 106pp. and 7 maps (4 x A4, 3 x A3).
- ^ Impey, Angela (June 2013). "SONGS OF MOBILITY AND BELONGING: Gender, Spatiality and the Local in Southern Africa's Transfrontier Conservation Development" (PDF). Interventions. 15 (2): 255–271. doi:10.1080/1369801X.2013.798475. ISSN 1369-801X.
- Meer, T. 2010. Finding the community in community-base natural resource management: the case of Ndumo Game Reserve, South Africa. MA Thesis, Dalhousie University.
- Wesołowska, W. & Haddad, Ch.R. 2009. Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of the Ndumo Game Reserve, Maputaland, South Africa. African Invertebrates 50 (1): 13-103.[1]
External links
- Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife
- Wilderness Safaris
- v
- t
- e
- Amatigulu Nature Reserve
- Beachwood Mangroves
- Blinkwater Nature Reserve
- Bluff Nature Reserve
- Chelmsford Nature Reserve
- Dlinza Forest
- EMakhosini Ophathe Heritage Park
- Enseleni Nature Reserve
- Entumeni Forest
- Harold Johnson Nature Reserve
- Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park
- Impendle Nature Reserve
- Ithala Game Reserve
- Kenneth Stainbank Nature Reserve
- Krantzkloof Nature Reserve
- Midmar Dam Nature Reserve
- Mpenjati Nature Reserve
- Ndumo Game Reserve
- Nkandla Forest
- North Park Nature Reserve
- ONgoye Forest
- Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve
- Phongolo Nature Reserve
- Skyline Nature Reserve
- Spioenkop Dam Nature Reserve
- Tembe Elephant Park
- Umhlanga Lagoon Nature Reserve
- Umlalazi Nature Reserve
- Umtamvuna Nature Reserve
- Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve
- Vryheid Hill Nature Reserve
- Wagendrift Nature Reserve
- Weenen Game Reserve
- Queen Elizabeth Park Nature Reserve
- Cathedral Peak
- Cobham Reserve
- Garden Castle
- Highmoor Nature Reserve
- Himeville Nature Reserve
- Lotheni Reserve
- Mkhomazi Reserve
- Monks Cowl Nature Reserve
- Mount Currie Nature Reserve
- Royal Natal National Park
- Cape Vidal State Forest
- Coastal Forest Reserve
- False Bay Park
- Eastern Shores State Forest
- Mapelane Nature Reserve
- Nyalazi State Forest
- Maputaland Marine Protected Area
- Lake Sibayi Freshwater Reserve
- Sodwana Bay National Park
- Sodwana State Forest
- St Lucia Game Reserve
- St Lucia Park
- St Lucia Marine Reserve
- uMkhuze Game Reserve