Ninth Dynasty of Egypt

Ancient Egyptian dynasty

c. 2160 BC–c. 2130 BC

Jasper weight with the cartouche of Nebkaure Khety

Capital

Herakleopolis Magna

Common languages

Egyptian language

Religion

ancient Egyptian religion

Government

Absolute monarchy

Historical era

Bronze Age

• Established

c. 2160 BC

• Disestablished

c. 2130 BC

Preceded by

Succeeded by

	Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
	Eighth Dynasty of Egypt

Tenth Dynasty of Egypt

Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt

All years are BC

Early

Pre-dynastic period
First Dynasty	I	c. 3150–2890
Second Dynasty	II	2890–2686

Old Kingdom

Third Dynasty	III	2686–2613
Fourth Dynasty	IV	2613–2498
Fifth Dynasty	V	2498–2345
Sixth Dynasty	VI	2345–2181

First Intermediate

Seventh Dynasty	VII	spurious
Eighth Dynasty	VIII	2181–2160
Ninth Dynasty	IX	2160–2130
Tenth Dynasty	X	2130–2040
Early Eleventh Dynasty	XI	2134–2061

Middle Kingdom

Late Eleventh Dynasty	XI	2061–1991
Twelfth Dynasty	XII	1991–1803
Thirteenth Dynasty	XIII	1803–1649

Second Intermediate

Fourteenth Dynasty	XIV	1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos)	XV	1674–1535
Sixteenth Dynasty	XVI	1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty		1650–1600
Seventeenth Dynasty	XVII	1580–1549

New Kingdom

Eighteenth Dynasty	XVIII	1549–1292
Nineteenth Dynasty	XIX	1292–1189
Twentieth Dynasty	XX	1189–1077

Third Intermediate

Twenty-first Dynasty	XXI	1069–945
Twenty-second Dynasty	XXII	945–720
Twenty-third Dynasty	XXIII	837–728
Twenty-fourth Dynasty	XXIV	732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian)	XXV	732–653

Late Period

Twenty-sixth Dynasty	XXVI	672–525
Twenty-seventh Dynasty (1st Persian Period)	XXVII	525–404
Twenty-eighth Dynasty	XXVIII	404–398
Twenty-ninth Dynasty	XXIX	398–380
Thirtieth Dynasty	XXX	380–343
Thirty-first Dynasty (2nd Persian Period)	XXXI	343–332

Hellenistic Egypt

Thirty-second Dynasty	XXXII	332–305
Thirty-third Dynasty	XXXIII	305–30

Roman Egypt

Thirty-fourth Dynasty
(Roman Pharaohs)

XXXIV

30 BC – 313 AD

See also: List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
Periodization of ancient Egypt

The Ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty IX) is often combined with the 7th, 8th, 10th and early 11th Dynasties under the group title First Intermediate Period.^[1] The dynasty that seems to have supplanted the Eighth Dynasty is extremely obscure. The takeover by the rulers of Herakleopolis was violent and is reflected in Manetho's description of Achthoes, the founder of the dynasty, as 'more terrible than his predecessors', who 'wrought evil things for those in all Egypt".

Rulers

The Ninth Dynasty was founded at Herakleopolis Magna, and the Tenth Dynasty continued there. At this time Egypt was not unified, and there is some overlap between these and other local dynasties. The Turin Canon lists eighteen kings for this royal line, but their names are damaged, unidentifiable, or lost.^[2]

The following is a possible list of rulers of the Ninth Dynasty based on the Turin Canon, as egyptologists have differing opinions about the order of succession within the two dynasties. Among them, only Meryibre Khety and Nebkaure Khety are undoubtedly attested by archaeological finds:

**Dynasty IX (according to Hayes)** (c. 2160 - 2130 BC)^[3]
Name	Image	Comments
Meryibre Khety I		Manetho's Achthoes, a nomarch who proclaimed himself pharaoh
[name lost]		-
Neferkare VII		Might be the Kaneferre mentioned in the tomb of the nomarch Ankhtifi
Nebkaure Khety II		Also mentioned in The Eloquent Peasant tale
Setut		-
[name lost]		-
Mery[...]		-
Shed[...]		-
H[...]		-
[three names lost]		-
User(?)[...]		-
Imhotep		Ephemeral ruler of the Ninth Dynasty. Only known from two rock inscriptions in the Wadi Hammamat.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] Correct chronological position unknown.

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References

^ Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 480. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.
^ Sir Alan Gardiner, Egypt of the Pharaohs, Oxford University Press, 1961, pp. 112-13.
^ William C. Hayes, in The Cambridge Ancient History, vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-077915, p. 996.
^ Lepsius, Karl (1859). Denkmaler aus Aegypten und Aethiopien. pp. 115h.
^ Breasted, James (1906). Ancient Records of Egypt (PDF). Vol. 1. The University of Chicago Press. p. 175.
^ Gauthier, Henri (1907). MIFAO 17 Le livre des rois d'Egypte Des origines à la fin de la XIIe dynastie. The French Institute of Oriental Archeology. pp. 143–144.
^ Couyat, Jean; Montet, Pierre (1912). MIFAO 34 Les inscriptions hieroglyphiques et hieratiques du Ouâdi Hammâmât (PDF). The French Institute of Oriental Archeology. pp. 96, 103-104 pl. XXXIX.
^ Baker, Darrell (2008). The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs. Predynastic to the Twentieth Century: 3300-1069 BC. Vol. 1. Stacey International. p. 133. ISBN 978-1905299379.
^ Schenkel, Wolfgang (1965). Memphis Herakleopolis Theben Die Epigraphischen Zeugnisse Der 7.-11. Dynastie Ägyptens. Wiesbaden: Otto Harassowitz. pp. 27–28.