Nonane

Nonane

Names
Preferred IUPAC name Nonane[1]
Identifiers
CAS Number	111-84-2 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	1696917
ChEBI	CHEBI:32892 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL335900 Y
ChemSpider	7849 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.558
EC Number	203-913-4
Gmelin Reference	240576
MeSH	nonane
PubChem CID	8141
RTECS number	RA6115000
UNII	T9W3VH6G10 Y
UN number	1920
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9025796
InChI InChI=1S/C9H20/c1-3-5-7-9-8-6-4-2/h3-9H2,1-2H3 Y Key: BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES CCCCCCCCC
Properties
Chemical formula	C9H20
Molar mass	128.259 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Odor	Gasoline-like
Density	0.718 g/mL
Melting point	−54.1 to −53.1 °C; −65.5 to −63.7 °F; 219.0 to 220.0 K
Boiling point	150.4 to 151.0 °C; 302.6 to 303.7 °F; 423.5 to 424.1 K
log P	5.293
Vapor pressure	0.59 kPa (at 25.0 °C)
Henry's law constant (kH)	1.7 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-108.13·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.405
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	284.34 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (S⦵298)	393.67 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−275.7–−273.7 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−6125.75–−6124.67 kJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H226, H304, H315, H319, H332, H336
Precautionary statements	P261, P301+P310, P305+P351+P338, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 3 0
Flash point	31.0 °C (87.8 °F; 304.1 K)
Autoignition temperature	205.0 °C (401.0 °F; 478.1 K)
Explosive limits	0.87–2.9%
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	none[2]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 200 ppm (1050 mg/m3)[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.[2]
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Octane Decane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₉H₂₀. It is a colorless, flammable liquid, occurring primarily in the component of the petroleum distillate fraction commonly called kerosene, which is used as a heating, tractor, and jet fuel.^[4] Nonane is also used as a solvent, distillation chaser, fuel additive, and a component in biodegradable detergents.^[5]

Nonane has 35 structural isomers.

Its substituent form is nonyl. Its cycloalkane counterpart is cyclononane, (C₉H₁₈).

Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is from Latin, not Greek. (A name using a Greek prefix would be enneane.)

Combustion reactions

Nonane undergoes combustion reactions that are similar to other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, nonane burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

C₉H₂₀ + 14O₂ → 9CO₂ + 10H₂O

When insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion, the burning products include carbon monoxide.

2C₉H₂₀ + 19O₂ → 18CO + 20H₂O

See also

• Higher alkanes
• List of isomers of nonane

References

External links

• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0466". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
• MSDS at Oxford University
• List of isomers of nonane